1
|
Polymer/Enzyme Composite Materials—Versatile Catalysts with Multiple Applications. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant interest was granted lately to enzymes, which are versatile catalysts characterized by natural origin, with high specificity and selectivity for particular substrates. Additionally, some enzymes are involved in the production of high-valuable products, such as antibiotics, while others are known for their ability to transform emerging contaminates, such as dyes and pesticides, to simpler molecules with a lower environmental impact. Nevertheless, the use of enzymes in industrial applications is limited by their reduced stability in extreme conditions and by their difficult recovery and reusability. Rationally, enzyme immobilization on organic or inorganic matrices proved to be one of the most successful innovative approaches to increase the stability of enzymatic catalysts. By the immobilization of enzymes on support materials, composite biocatalysts are obtained that pose an improved stability, preserving the enzymatic activity and some of the support material’s properties. Of high interest are the polymer/enzyme composites, which are obtained by the chemical or physical attachment of enzymes on polymer matrices. This review highlights some of the latest findings in the field of polymer/enzyme composites, classified according to the morphology of the resulting materials, following their most important applications.
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, Feng M, Fang Y, Wu Y, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Xu J. Recent advancements in encapsulation of chitosan-based enzymes and their applications in food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11044-11062. [PMID: 35694766 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2086851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes are readily inactivated in harsh micro-environment due to changes in pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Developing suitable and feasible techniques for stabilizing enzymes in food sector is critical for preventing them from degradation. This review provides an overview on chitosan (CS)-based enzymes encapsulation techniques, enzyme release mechanisms, and their applications in food industry. The challenges and future prospects of CS-based enzymes encapsulation were also discussed. CS-based encapsulation techniques including ionotropic gelation, emulsification, spray drying, layer-by-layer self-assembly, hydrogels, and films have been studied to improve the encapsulation efficacy (EE), heat, acid and base stability of enzymes for their applications in food, agricultural, and medical industries. The smart delivery design, new delivery system development, and in vivo releasing mechanisms of enzymes using CS-based encapsulation techniques have also been evaluated in laboratory level studies. The CS-based encapsulation techniques in commercial products should be further improved for broadening their application fields. In conclusion, CS-based encapsulation techniques may provide a promising approach to improve EE and bioavailability of enzymes applied in food industry.HighlightsEnzymes play a critical role in food industries but susceptible to inactivation.Chitosan-based materials could be used to maintain the enzyme activity.Releasing mechanisms of enzymes from encapsulators were outlined.Applications of encapsulated enzymes in food fields was discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongcai Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Veterinary Bio-tech Key Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Feng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yapeng Fang
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Veterinary Bio-tech Key Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Balabushevich NG, Kovalenko EA, Filatova LY, Kirzhanova EA, Mikhalchik EV, Volodkin D, Vikulina AS. Hybrid Mucin-Vaterite Microspheres for Delivery of Proteolytic Enzyme Chymotrypsin. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200005. [PMID: 35489086 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
While the enteral delivery of proteolytic enzymes is widely established for combating many diseases as an alternative to antibiotic treatment, their local delivery only emerges as administration route enabling sustained release in a controlled manner on site. The latest requires the development of drug delivery systems suitable for encapsulation and preservation of enzymatic proteolytic activity. This study proposes hybrid microspheres made of mucin and biodegradable porous crystals of calcium carbonate (CC) as the carriers for chymotrypsin (CTR) delivery. CTR was impregnated into CC and hybrid CC/mucin (CCM) microspheres by means of sorption without any chemical modification. The loading of the CC with mucin enhances CTR retention on hybrid microspheres (adsorption capacity of ca 8.7 versus 4.7 mg/g), recharging crystal surface due to the presence of mucin and diminishing the average pore diameter of the crystals from 25 to 8 nm. Mucin also retards recrystallization of vaterite into non-porous calcite improving stability of CCM microspheres upon storage. Proteolytic activity of CTR is preserved in both CC and CCM microspheres, being pH dependent. Temperature-induced inactivation of CTR significantly diminishes by CTR encapsulation into CC and CCM microspheres. Altogether, these findings indicate promises of hybrid mucin-vaterite microspheres for mucosal application of proteases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda G Balabushevich
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Lyubov Y Filatova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina A Kirzhanova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Elena V Mikhalchik
- Federal Research and Clinical Centre of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Malaya Pirogovskaya 1A, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Volodkin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory 1-3, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Anna S Vikulina
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Straße 77, Fürth, 90762, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang S, Fan H, Yi C, Li Y, Yang K, Liu S, Cheng Z, Sun J. Assembly encapsulation of BSA and CCCH-ZAP in the sodium alginate/atractylodis macrocephalae system. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12600-12606. [PMID: 35480363 PMCID: PMC9040642 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01767a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger antiviral proteins (ZAP) can significantly inhibit the replication of avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), but the traditional method of ZAP administration is by injection, which can easily cause stress effects in chickens. In this work, we established a sodium alginate/atractylodis macrocephalae system for the encapsulation of CCCH-type zinc finger antiviral protein (CCCH-ZAP). Because of the high cost of ZAP, we first chose bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein to investigate the encapsulation performance. The SEM images clearly confirmed that BSA and the sodium alginate/atractylodis macrocephalae system can assemble easily to form relatively stable nanostructures, and the encapsulation amount of BSA can reach 68%. Subsequently, the encapsulation of ZAP was studied. The SEM and the encapsulation experiments confirmed that ZAP can also be assembly encapsulated in the sodium alginate/atractylodis macrocephalae system with the encapsulation amount of 80%. Release studies showed that the SA/AM-ZAP nanocomposite was able to achieve a release rate of 32% of ZAP. This work successfully confirms the assembly encapsulation of ZAP, which will be beneficial for the usage of ZAP-based animal drugs. ZAP and BSA can be encapsulated in the sodium alginate/atractylodis macrocephalae system using an assembly method.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 Shandong PR China
| | - Hai Fan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 Shandong PR China
| | - Chunrong Yi
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 Shandong PR China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 Shandong PR China
| | - Kunmei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 Shandong PR China
| | - Shenglong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 Shandong PR China
| | - Ziqiang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 Shandong PR China
| | - Jianchao Sun
- School of Environment and Materials Engineering, Yantai University Yantai 264005 Shandong PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bialas F, Reichinger D, Becker CF. Biomimetic and biopolymer-based enzyme encapsulation. Enzyme Microb Technol 2021; 150:109864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2021.109864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
6
|
Renewable Mixed Hydrogels Based on Polysaccharide and Protein for Release of Agrochemicals and Soil Conditioning. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131810439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The study deals with the combination of biopolymers to develop hydrogels intended for agriculture application. The aim is to propose a renewable and eco-compatible solution to enhance agrochemicals and water efficiency and contribute to maintaining soil fertility. We developed a set of hydrogels based on casein and chitosan for water retention and release of agrochemicals, in particular nitrogen fertilizer urea. The weight ratio of biopolymers, from 0.5 to 2, was investigated to understand the influence of their content on the morphology, swelling, swelling-drying cycles, and water retention in soil. The average content of urea in the hydrogels was 30% of the total weight, and up to 80% was released in the soil in 50 days. The biodegradation of the hydrogels in soil has been investigated by the burial method and monitoring the release of CO2. Results demonstrated that by increasing the content of chitosan, the biodegradation time is prolonged up to 20% in 90 days. The obtained results support the ultimate purpose of the work that the combination of two biopolymers at proper weight ratio could be a valid alternative of the marketed hydrogels with the final goal to promote soil fertility and water retention and prolong biodegradation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Glinka M, Filatova K, Kucińska-Lipka J, Bergerova ED, Wasik A, Sedlařík V. Encapsulation of Amikacin into Microparticles Based on Low-Molecular-Weight Poly(lactic acid) and Poly(lactic acid- co-polyethylene glycol). Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2986-2996. [PMID: 34196555 PMCID: PMC8397404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to fabricate novel microparticles (MPs) for efficient and long-term delivery of amikacin (AMI). The emulsification method proposed for encapsulating AMI employed low-molecular-weight poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(lactic acid-co-polyethylene glycol) (PLA-PEG), both supplemented with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The diameters of the particles obtained were determined as less than 30 μm. Based on an in-vitro release study, it was proven that the MPs (both PLA/PVA- and PLA-PEG/PVA-based) demonstrated long-term AMI release (2 months), the kinetics of which adhered to the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The loading efficiencies of AMI in the study were determined at the followings levels: 36.5 ± 1.5 μg/mg for the PLA-based MPs and 106 ± 32 μg/mg for the PLA-PEG-based MPs. These values were relatively high and draw parallels with studies published on the encapsulation of aminoglycosides. The MPs provided antimicrobial action against the Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial strains. The materials were also comprehensively characterized by the following methods: differential scanning calorimetry; gel permeation chromatography; scanning electron microscopy; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance; energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence; and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area analysis. The findings of this study contribute toward discerning new means for conducting targeted therapy with polar, broad spectrum antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Glinka
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Katerina Filatova
- Centre
of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Tomáše Bati 5678, Zlín 76001, Czech Republic
| | - Justyna Kucińska-Lipka
- Department
of Polymers Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Eva Domincova Bergerova
- Centre
of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Tomáše Bati 5678, Zlín 76001, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Wasik
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, Gdańsk 80-233, Poland
| | - Vladimir Sedlařík
- Centre
of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Tomáše Bati 5678, Zlín 76001, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Karakurt I, Ozaltin K, Vargun E, Kucerova L, Suly P, Harea E, Minařík A, Štěpánková K, Lehocky M, Humpolícek P, Vesel A, Mozetic M. Controlled release of enrofloxacin by vanillin-crosslinked chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol blends. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112125. [PMID: 34082942 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In transdermal drug delivery applications uniform drug distribution and sustained release are of great importance to decrease the side effects. In this direction in the present research, vanillin crosslinked chitosan (CS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend based matrix-type transdermal system was prepared by casting and drying of aqueous solutions for local delivery of enrofloxacin (ENR) drug. Subsequently, the properties including the morphology, chemical structure, thermal behavior, tensile strength, crosslinking degree, weight uniformity, thickness, swelling and drug release of the CS-PVA blend films before and after crosslinking were characterized. In vitro drug release profiles showed the sustained release of ENR by the incorporation of vanillin as a crosslinker into the CS-PVA polymer matrix. Furthermore, the release kinetic profiles revealed that the followed mechanism for all samples was Higuchi and the increase of vanillin concentration in the blend films resulted in the change of diffusion mechanism from anomalous transport to Fickian diffusion. Overall, the obtained results suggest that the investigated vanillin crosslinked CS-PVA matrix-type films are potential candidates for transdermal drug delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilkay Karakurt
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Kadir Ozaltin
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Elif Vargun
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Department of Chemistry, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Kotekli, 48000 Mugla, Turkey.
| | - Liliana Kucerova
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavol Suly
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Evghenii Harea
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavreckova 275, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Antonín Minařík
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavreckova 275, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Štěpánková
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic.
| | - Marian Lehocky
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavreckova 275, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Humpolícek
- Centre of Polymer Systems, University Institute, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Trida Tomase Bati 5678, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic; Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Vavreckova 275, 76001 Zlín, Czech Republic.
| | - Alenka Vesel
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Miran Mozetic
- Department of Surface Engineering, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sittipol D, Rodpan S, Ajingi YS, Lohnoo T, Lerksuthirat T, Kumsang Y, Yingyong W, Khunrae P, Rattanarojpong T, Pattanapanyasat K, Jongruja N. Identification, overexpression, purification, and biochemical characterization of a novel hyperthermostable keratinase from Geoglobus acetivorans. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:2. [PMID: 33269186 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to identify and biochemically characterize a novel hyperthermostable keratinase from microorganisms for feather waste degradation. Here, a hyperthermophilic Geoglobus acetivorans keratinase (GacK) gene was chosen based on a search of a sequence database. The selected GacK gene was synthesized, cloned, and successfully expressed without a signal peptide in the E. coli system. A monomer of approximately 58 kDa was obtained in a soluble form and purified. The recombinant GacK displayed the highest activity at an optimum temperature of 100 °C and a pH of 10. The hyperthermostable GacK enzymatic performance remained high even after incubation in nonionic surfactants and the chelating agent EDTA. The residual and keratinolytic activities of GacK, as determined with azocasein and keratin azure used as substrates, remained significantly greater than 80% at 130 °C for 7 h. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax for azure keratin were 0.41 mg/ml and 875.14 unit/mg, respectively, while those for azocasein were 1.51 mg/ml and 505.32 unit/mg, respectively. The results suggest that the enzyme is among the most hyperthermostable keratinases. Because of its enzymatic characteristics to degrade keratin azure at high temperatures, GacK may potentially be utilized in future industrial applications.
Collapse
|
10
|
Nadaf S, Jadhav A, Killedar S. Mung bean (Vigna radiata) porous starch for solubility and dissolution enhancement of poorly soluble drug by solid dispersion. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:345-357. [PMID: 33253744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel Vigna radiata based porous starch (PS) is prepared by solvent exchange technique and explored as a solubilizer for model drug albendazole (ABZ). PS carrier was investigated for different chemical, functional, and micromeritic properties. Solubilizing potential of PS is evaluated by formulating ABZ-PS solid dispersion (1:0.5-1:2) based tablets (SDT). ABZ-PS solid dispersions were evaluated for micromeritic properties, dissolution studies, and anthelmintic activity. Direct compression suitability and susceptibility of mung bean starch were studied by SeDem diagram, Heckel, and Kawakita analysis respectively. PS had an A-type crystallinity pattern and evinced functional properties similar to other legume starches. PS was determined to be suitable for direct compression (good compressibility index = 5.50). SD (1:2) manifested 36.18 fold and 1.6-3.04 fold improvement in the % dissolution and anthelmintic activity of ABZ respectively. All SD batches (R2 = 0.949-0.996) and ABZ (R2 = 0.168) followed the Higuchi-matrix release kinetic model. DSC and P-XRD analysis corroborated the amorphous form of ABZ. SDT showed ≈ a 1.90 fold improvement in dissolution rate than the marketed formulation. Conclusively, Vigna radiata PS could be explored as an alternative to reduce the large burden on the established starches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Nadaf
- Sant Gajanan Maharaj College of Pharmacy, site Chinchewadi, Mahagaon, 416503, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Amrita Jadhav
- Adarsh College of Pharmacy, Bhavaninagar, Vita 415311, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suresh Killedar
- Sant Gajanan Maharaj College of Pharmacy, site Chinchewadi, Mahagaon, 416503, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liposomal/Nanoliposomal Encapsulation of Food-Relevant Enzymes and Their Application in the Food Industry. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-020-02513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|