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Ovari TR, Trufán B, Katona G, Szabó G, Muresan LM. Correlations between the anti-corrosion properties and the photocatalytic behavior of epoxy coatings incorporating modified graphene oxide deposited on a zinc substrate. RSC Adv 2024; 14:10826-10841. [PMID: 38577435 PMCID: PMC10989242 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00413b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to create a substrate-coating system based on zinc and an epoxy resin incorporating modified graphene oxide, which possesses two key characteristics: effective resistance against corrosion and the ability to harness photocatalytic properties. Furthermore, correlations between the anti-corrosion properties and the photocatalytic behaviour of the coatings were made. Thin epoxy (EP) layers embedding 0.1 wt% graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and modified graphene oxide with (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane (APTES) or poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer were applied on a zinc (Zn) substrate using the dip-coating method. Anti-corrosion properties of coated Zn samples were investigated through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. They showed that the corrosion protection effect is more prominent for EP containing functionalized GO, the highest in the case of GO-PAMAM. The results of the EIS measurements indicated also that the corrosion protection provided by EP-rGO is smaller than that of EP. The photocatalytic properties of the coatings were studied by exposure of the samples to Methylene Blue (MB) solution followed by monitoring the model dye degradation through UV-Vis measurements. To determine the changes in the anti-corrosion properties due to photocatalysis, the coated Zn samples were put through additional EIS measurements. The same coatings applied to a glass substrate lacked photocatalytic properties, indicating that the Zn substrate is accountable for the degradation of MB. Furthermore, the incorporation of GO or functionalized GO into the coating amplifies this effect. From EIS spectra, it was determined that the protective properties loss observed after 3 days is due to coating delamination during exposure to MB solution, the EP-GO-APTES retaining the best adhesion of the coating, 98% remaining on Zn after a cross-hatch test. The corrosion measurements were complemented by examining the morphology and structure of the coatings and the modified GO particles. All things considered, the Zn/EP-GO-APTES system shows the best ability to break down organic pollutants, keeping a good anti-corrosive property and adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriel Katona
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hungarian Line, Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 11, Arany J. St 400028 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Gabriella Szabó
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hungarian Line, Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 11, Arany J. St 400028 Cluj-Napoca Romania
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Márton P, Szolnoki B, Nagy N, Deák A, Zámbó D, Szabó GS, Hórvölgyi Z. Wetting and swelling behaviour of N-acetylated thin chitosan coatings in aqueous media. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23201. [PMID: 38163124 PMCID: PMC10755330 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitosan nanocoatings (thickness range of 120-540 nm) were produced on glass, zinc and silicon substrates with dip-coating and spin coating techniques to study their pH-dependent wetting and swelling behaviour. The coatings were N-acetylated with the methanolic solution of acetic anhydride to increase the degree of acetylation from 36 % to 100 % (according to ATR-FTIR studies). The measured contact angles of Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer solutions (pH 6.0, 7.4 and 9.0) were lower on the acetylated surfaces (ca. 50°), than that of their native counterparts (ca. 70°) and does not depend on the pH. Contrary, contact angles on the native coating deteriorated 10°-15° with increasing the pH. In addition, for native coatings, the decrease of the contact angles over time also showed a pH dependence: at pH 9.0 the contact angle decreased by 7° in 10 min, while at pH 6.0 it decreased by 13° and at a much faster rate. The constraint swelling of the coatings in BR puffer solutions was studied in situ by scanning angle reflectometry. The swelling degree of the native coatings increased significantly with decreasing pH (from 250 % to 500 %) due to the increased number of protonated amino groups, while the swelling degree of acetylated coatings was ca. 160 % regardless of the pH. The barrier properties of the coatings were studied by electrochemical tests on zinc substrates. The analysis of polarization curves showed the more permeable character of the acetylated coatings despite the non-polar character of the bulk coating matrix. It can be concluded that in the case of native coatings, 49 % of the absorbed water is in bound form, which does not assist ion transport, while in the case of acetylated coatings, this value is only 33 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Márton
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Centre for Colloid Chemistry, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Szolnoki
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Nagy
- Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Deák
- Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel Zámbó
- Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Stefánia Szabó
- Universitatea Babes-Bolyai, Department of Chemistry and chemical engineering of Hungarian Line of study, 11 Arany Janos str., RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zoltán Hórvölgyi
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Centre for Colloid Chemistry, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Fernández-Solis C, Keil P, Erbe A. Molybdate and Phosphate Cross-Linked Chitosan Films for Corrosion Protection of Hot-Dip Galvanized Steel. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19613-19624. [PMID: 37305241 PMCID: PMC10249392 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally friendly and sustainable methods to protect hot-dip galvanized (HDG) steel from corrosion are extensively studied. Films of the biopolymer polyelectrolyte chitosan were ionically cross-linked in this work with the well-known corrosion inhibitors phosphate and molybdate. Layers on this basis are presented as components in a protective system and could, e.g., be applied in pretreatments similar to a conversion coating. For the preparation of the chitosan-based films, a procedure involving sol-gel chemistry and wet-wet application was utilized. Homogeneous films of few micrometers thickness were obtained on HDG steel substrates after thermal curing. Properties of chitosan-molybdate and chitosan-phosphate films were compared with purely passive epoxysilane-cross-linked chitosan, and pure chitosan. Delamination behavior of a poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) weak model top coating studied by scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) showed an almost linear time dependence over >10 h on all systems. Delamination rates were 0.28 mm h-1 (chitosan-molybdate) and 0.19 mm h-1 (chitosan-phosphate), ca. 5% of a non-cross-linked chitosan reference and slightly higher than of the epoxsyilane cross-linked chitosan. Immersion of the treated zinc samples over 40 h in 5% NaCl solution yielded a 5-fold increase of the resistance in the chitosan-molybdate system, as evidenced by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Ion exchange of electrolyte anions with molybdate and phosphate triggers corrosion inhibition, presumably by reaction with the HDG surface as well described in the literature for these inhibitors. Thus, such surface treatments have potential for application, e.g., in temporary corrosion protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Fernández-Solis
- Department
of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Keil
- BASF
Coatings GmbH, Glasuritstraße
1, 48165 Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Erbe
- Department
of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Ovari TR, Szőke ÁF, Katona G, Szabó GS, Muresan LM. Temporary Anti-Corrosive Double Layer on Zinc Substrate Based on Chitosan Hydrogel and Epoxy Resin. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050361. [PMID: 37232953 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In practice, metal structures are frequently transported or stored before being used. Even in such circumstances, the corrosion process caused by environmental factors (moisture, salty air, etc.) can occur quite easily. To avoid this, metal surfaces can be protected with temporary coatings. The objective of this research was to develop coatings that exhibit effective protective characteristics while also allowing for easy removal, if required. Novel, chitosan/epoxy double layers were prepared on zinc by dip-coating to obtain temporary tailor-made and peelable-on-demand, anti-corrosive coatings. Chitosan hydrogel fulfills the role of a primer that acts as an intermediary between the zinc substrate and the epoxy film to obtain better adhesion and specialization. The resulting coatings were characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The impedance of the bare zinc was increased by three orders of magnitude when the protective coatings were applied, proving efficient anti-corrosive protection. The chitosan sublayer improved the adhesion of the protective epoxy coating. The structural integrity and absolute impedance of the protective layers were conserved in both basic and neutral environments. However, after fulfilling its lifespan, the chitosan/epoxy double-layered coating could be removed after treatment with a mild acid without damaging the substrate. This was because of the hydrophilic properties of the epoxy layer, as well as the tendency of chitosan to swell in acidic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara-Rita Ovari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Center in Electrochemistry and Non-Conventional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Árpád Ferenc Szőke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of the Hungarian Line, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Katona
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of the Hungarian Line, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriella Stefánia Szabó
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of the Hungarian Line, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Liana Maria Muresan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Center in Electrochemistry and Non-Conventional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Márton P, Nagy ÖT, Kovács D, Szolnoki B, Madarász J, Nagy N, Szabó GS, Hórvölgyi Z. Barrier behaviour of partially N-acetylated chitosan layers in aqueous media. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123336. [PMID: 36708905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan coatings of 353 ± 12 nm thickness were prepared on glass and zinc substrates by dip-coating method to study their barrier-behaviour. The coatings were chemically modified to increase their degree of acetylation (DA) from ca. 44 % up to ca. 98 % resulting a quasi-chitin coating. The effect of the acetylation reaction was studied by infrared spectroscopy, and the structural changes of the native and acetylated coatings were investigated by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and X-ray diffraction. The surface properties of the coated samples were characterized by wettability measurements - advancing water contact angle decreased from ca. 80° (native) to ca. 43° (fully acetylated) - and microscopic (SEM, AFM) studies. The barrier behaviour of the chitosan layer depending on the DA was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies and with a special mesoporous silica - chitosan bilayer system by measuring the amount of dye (Rhodamine 6G) accumulated in the silica through the chitosan coating during an impregnation step. These methods showed significant decrease in the barrier-effect of the coatings with increasing DA (accumulation of approximately six times more dye and a reduction of charge transfer resistance by an order of magnitude), due to the structural and ionization changes in the coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Márton
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Centre for Colloid Chemistry, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Örs Tamás Nagy
- Universitatea Babes-Bolyai, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hungarian Line of Study, 11 Arany Janos str., RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Dorina Kovács
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Beáta Szolnoki
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - János Madarász
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Norbert Nagy
- Institute for Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Stefánia Szabó
- Universitatea Babes-Bolyai, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hungarian Line of Study, 11 Arany Janos str., RO-400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Zoltán Hórvölgyi
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Centre for Colloid Chemistry, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.
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Kalantarian SJ, Kefayati H, Montazeri N. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Novel
tris
‐Thiadiazole
Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hassan Kefayati
- Department of Chemistry Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University Rasht Iran
| | - Naser Montazeri
- Department of Chemistry Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Iran
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