Effect of acetylated starch on the development of peanut skin-cassava starch foams

Preparation of a high-strength, hydrophobic performance starch-based adhesive with oxidative cross-linking via Fenton's reagent

Starch is a highly attractive carbohydrate in the production for the preparation of adhesives in recent years, due to its widespread availability, renewability, and abundance of reactive hydroxyl groups. However, the mechanical properties, hydrophobicity, self-adhesion, and particularly high energy efficiency are generally unsatisfactory for current starch-based adhesives. On this premise, starch was oxidized using Fenton's reagent in a ""one-pot cooking" process. The prepared oxidized starch was chain expanded by polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and then cross-linked with a 10 % isocyanate (PM-200) to fabricate a starch-based adhesive (SFA) with a network crosslinked structure. SF12A35%/2.5-55 adhesive shows significantly higher wet shear strength (1.18 MPa), a remarkable 94 % increase compared to SF0A35%/2.5-55. The adhesive film also demonstrates both hydrophobicity (99° contact angle) and exceptional energy efficiency, with a DSC test revealing a notable 10 % elevation in energy efficiency. In addition, the crosslinked structure increases its molecular weight, thereby increasing its self-adhesion (Fig. S1). This study opens up new possibilities for the design and manufacture of multifunctional starch-based adhesives.

Preparation, multi-scale structures, and functionalities of acetylated starch: An updated review

Acetylated starch has been widely used as food additives. However, there was limited information available regarding the impact of acetylation on starch structure and functionalities, as well as the advanced acetylation technologies. This review aimed to summarize current methods for starch acetylation and discuss the structure and functionalities of acetylated starch. Innovative techniques, such as milling, microwave, pulsed electric fields, ultrasonic, and extrusion, could be employed for environmental-friendly synthesis of acetylated starch. Acetylation led to the degradation of starch structures and weakening of the interactions between starch molecules, resulting in the disorganization of starch multi-scale ordered structure. The introduction of acetyl groups retarded the self-reassembly behavior of starch, leading to increased solubility, clarity, and softness of starch-based hydrogels. Moreover, the acetyl groups improved water/oil absorption capacity, emulsifiability, film-forming properties, and colonic fermentability of starch, while reduced the susceptibility of starch molecules to enzymes. Importantly, starch functionalities were largely influenced by the decoration of acetyl groups on starch molecules, while the impact of multi-scale ordered structures on starch physicochemical properties was relatively minor. These findings will aid in the design of structured acetylated starch with desirable functionalities.

The Use of New Waste-Based Plasticizer Made from Modified Used Palm Oil for Non-Glutinous Thermoplastic Starch Foam

A novel waste-based plasticizer derived from modified used palm oil (mUPO) was successfully developed and has been used as a new plasticizer to non-glutinous thermoplastic starch foam to improve their properties. The molecular weight and hydroxyl number of the mUPO was 3150 g/mol and 192.19 mgOH/g, respectively. The effects of mUPO content ranging from 0 to 9 phr were investigated. The results revealed that the optimal mUPO content as an additive was 6 wt%. The addition of mUPO had a direct effect on the mechanical properties and thermal properties. The impact strength increased from 1.30 to 4.55 J/m, while the glass transition temperature (T_g) decreased from 70.83 to 66.50 °C by increasing mUPO from 0 phr to 6 phr in the thermoplastic starch foam. The mUPO, on the other hand, has also the potential to reduce shrinkage from 33.91 to 21.77% and moisture absorption from 5.93 to 1.73% by increasing the content from 0 phr to 6 phr in starch foam. Furthermore, the mUPO helps the forming of the foam structure as measured by SEM, and the mUPO utilization of waste-based material could be a promising green alternative plasticizer for starch components, especially starch foam applications.

Effect of the addition of fique bagasse microparticles in obtaining a biobased material based on cassava starch

The indiscriminate accumulation of plastic waste has prompted research that leads to obtaining biobased materials. The research aim was to evaluate the effect of incorporating fique bagasse microparticles (FBM) in a cassava starch-based foamed material. First, the FBM extraction conditions were established by acid hydrolysis, for which the effect of acid concentration (5, 10 and 15% H₂SO₄), temperature (70, 80 and 90 °C) and extraction time (3, 5 and 7 h) on particle size, functional groups, color, and thermal properties was evaluated. The addition of FBM to the foamed material was then carried out. To do this, a completely randomized design with five treatments (0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.25% FBM) was evaluated. The response variables were the apparent density, expansion and spring index, compressibility, water absorption, thermal properties and FTIR. The results showed that the acid concentration, temperature and time had an effect on the morphological, chemical and thermal properties of FBM, with 10%, 70 °C and 7 h being the conditions that allowed obtaining the smallest particle size (61.69 ± 12.88 μm²). Moreover, the FBM concentration had a significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the foam, unleashing the treatment properties of 0.75%. This indicates that FBM have potential for use in obtaining biobased materials.