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Derewenda ZS. C-H Groups as Donors in Hydrogen Bonds: A Historical Overview and Occurrence in Proteins and Nucleic Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13165. [PMID: 37685972 PMCID: PMC10488043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen bonds constitute a unique type of non-covalent interaction, with a critical role in biology. Until fairly recently, the canonical view held that these bonds occur between electronegative atoms, typically O and N, and that they are mostly electrostatic in nature. However, it is now understood that polarized C-H groups may also act as hydrogen bond donors in many systems, including biological macromolecules. First recognized from physical chemistry studies, C-H…X bonds were visualized with X-ray crystallography sixty years ago, although their true significance has only been recognized in the last few decades. This review traces the origins of the field and describes the occurrence and significance of the most important C-H…O bonds in proteins and nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zygmunt Stanislaw Derewenda
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2628, USA
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2
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Lakshminarayana L, Veeraraghavan V, Gouthami K, Srihari R, Chowdadenahalli Nagaraja P. Effect of Abutilon indicum (L) Extract on Adipogenesis, Lipolysis and Cholesterol Esterase in 3T3-L1 Adipocyte Cell Lines. Indian J Clin Biochem 2023; 38:22-32. [PMID: 36684487 PMCID: PMC9852410 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-022-01022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Abutilon indicum (L) is an Indian traditional plant used for the treatment of diabetes and heart diseases. The present study is to evaluate the functional of A. indicum leaf extract as insulin like character to inhibit lipolysis and stimulates Adipogenesis activity. The ability of the A. indicum leaf extract in anti-obesity effect of Adipogenesis, lipolysis and cholesterol esterase functions can be predicted by using 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell lines. Substances were isolated from A. indicum leaves and the double filtered crude sample were used for Adipogenesis, lipolysis and cholesterol esterase activity using 3T3-L1 adipocytes at different concentrations. We used differential media-I, differential media-II and maintenance media (MM1) at concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200 and 400 µg/mL respectively. In addition to the extract, there is a significance increase in glycerol release (p < 0.001) compared with crude and reference compounds. Cholesterol esterase activity predicts the IC50 = 27.11 µg/mL of orlistat positive control compare with IC50 = 8.158 µg/mL of crude extract. Based on the observation, A. indicum leaf extract can promotes lipolysis and differentiated adipocytes. It is potentially used as adjuvant in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Lakshminarayana
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, 560064 India
| | - V. Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, 560064 India
| | - Kuruvalli Gouthami
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, 560064 India
| | - Renuka Srihari
- Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bangalore, 560012 India
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3
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Konishi K, Yasutake Y, Muramatsu S, Murata S, Yoshida K, Ishiya K, Aburatani S, Sakasegawa SI, Tamura T. Disruption of SMC-related genes promotes recombinant cholesterol esterase production in Burkholderia stabilis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:8093-8110. [PMID: 36399168 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia stabilis strain FERMP-21014 secretes cholesterol esterase (BsChe), which is used in clinical settings to determine serum cholesterol levels. Previously, we constructed an expression plasmid with an endogenous constitutive promoter to enable the production of recombinant BsChe. In this study, we obtained one mutant strain with 13.1-fold higher BsChe activity than the wild type, using N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine as a mutagen. DNA-sequencing analysis revealed that the strain had lost chromosome 3 (∆Chr3), suggesting that the genes hindering BsChe production may be encoded on Chr3. We also identified common mutations in the functionally unknown BSFP_068720/30 genes in the top 10 active strains generated during transposon mutagenesis. As BSFP_068720/30/40 comprised an operon on Chr3, we created the BSFP_068720/30/40 disruption mutant and confirmed that each disruption mutant containing the expression plasmid exhibited ~ 16.1-fold higher BsChe activity than the wild type. Quantitative PCR showed that each disruption mutant and ΔChr3 had a ~ 9.4-fold higher plasmid copy number than the wild type. Structural prediction models indicate that BSFP_068730/40 is structurally homologous to the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) protein MukBE, which is responsible for chromosome segregation during cell division. Conversely, BSFP_068720/30/40 disruption did not lead to a Chr3 drop-out. These results imply that BSFP_068720/30/40 is not a SMC protein but is involved in destabilizing foreign plasmids to prevent the influx of genetic information from the environment. In conclusion, the disruption of BSFP_068720/30/40 improved plasmid stability and copy number, resulting in exceptionally high BsChe production. KEY POINTS: • Disruption of BSFP_068720/30/40 enabled mass production of Burkholderia Che/Lip. • BSFP_068730/40 is an SMC protein homolog not involved in chromosome retention. • BSFP_068720/30/40 is likely responsible for the exclusion of exogenous plasmids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Konishi
- Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasutake
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, 062-8517, Japan.,Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), AIST, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | | | - Satomi Murata
- Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka, 410-2321, Japan
| | - Keitaro Yoshida
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, 062-8517, Japan
| | - Koji Ishiya
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, 062-8517, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Aburatani
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, 062-8517, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Tamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan. .,Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, 062-8517, Japan.
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4
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Godoy CA, Pardo-Tamayo JS, Barbosa O. Microbial Lipases and Their Potential in the Production of Pharmaceutical Building Blocks. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9933. [PMID: 36077332 PMCID: PMC9456414 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Processes involving lipases in obtaining active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are crucial to increase the sustainability of the industry. Despite their lower production cost, microbial lipases are striking for their versatile catalyzing reactions beyond their physiological role. In the context of taking advantage of microbial lipases in reactions for the synthesis of API building blocks, this review focuses on: (i) the structural origins of the catalytic properties of microbial lipases, including the results of techniques such as single particle monitoring (SPT) and the description of its selectivity beyond the Kazlauskas rule as the "Mirror-Image Packing" or the "Key Region(s) rule influencing enantioselectivity" (KRIE); (ii) immobilization methods given the conferred operative advantages in industrial applications and their modulating capacity of lipase properties; and (iii) a comprehensive description of microbial lipases use as a conventional or promiscuous catalyst in key reactions in the organic synthesis (Knoevenagel condensation, Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reactions, Markovnikov additions, Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, racemization, among others). Finally, this review will also focus on a research perspective necessary to increase microbial lipases application development towards a greener industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A. Godoy
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Juan S. Pardo-Tamayo
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia
| | - Oveimar Barbosa
- Grupo de Investigación de Materiales Porosos (GIMPOAT), Departamento de Química, Universidad del Tolima, Ibague 730001, Colombia
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5
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Hatanaka K, Shirahase Y, Yoshida T, Kono M, Toya N, Sakasegawa SI, Konishi K, Yamamoto T, Ochiai K, Takashiba S. Enzymatic measurement of short-chain fatty acids and application in periodontal disease diagnosis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268671. [PMID: 35839206 PMCID: PMC9286277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition caused by periodontal pathogens in the gingival sulcus. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by causal bacteria are closely related to the onset and progression of periodontal disease and have been reported to proliferate in the periodontal sulcus of patients experiencing this pathology. In such patients, propionic acid (C3), butyric acid (C4), isobutyric acid (IC4), valeric acid (C5), isovaleric acid (IC5), and caproic acid (C6), henceforth referred to as [C3–C6], has been reported to have a detrimental effect, while acetic acid (C2) exhibits no detrimental effect. In this study, we established an inexpensive and simple enzymatic assay that can fractionate and measure these acids. The possibility of applying this technique to determine the severity of periodontal disease by adapting it to specimens collected from humans has been explored. We established an enzyme system using acetate kinase and butyrate kinase capable of measuring SCFAs in two fractions, C2 and [C3–C6]. The gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva of 10 healthy participants and 10 participants with mild and severe periodontal disease were measured using the established enzymatic method and conventional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The quantification of C2 and [C3–C6] in human GCF and saliva was well correlated when using the GC–MS method. Furthermore, both C2 and [C3–C6] in the GCF increased with disease severity. However, while no significant difference was observed between healthy participants and periodontal patients when using saliva, [C3–C6] significantly differed between mild and severe periodontal disease. The enzymatic method was able to measure C2 and [C3–C6] separately as well as using the GC–MS method. Furthermore, the C2 and [C3–C6] fractions of GCF correlated with disease severity, suggesting that this method can be applied clinically. In contrast, the quantification of C2 and [C3–C6] in saliva did not differ significantly between healthy participants and patients with periodontal disease. Future studies should focus on inflammation rather than on tissue destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazu Hatanaka
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Ochiai
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
- Nihon University School of Dentistry, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Takashiba
- Department of Pathophysiology-Periodontal Science, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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6
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Long X, Hu X, Xiang H, Chen S, Li L, Qi B, Li C, Liu S, Yang X. Structural characterization and hypolipidemic activity of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharide and its degradation products. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100314. [PMID: 35492254 PMCID: PMC9046617 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to analyze structural characterization and hypolipidemic activity in vitro of G. lemaneiformis polysaccharide (GLP) and its degradation products. The results presented that the content of galacturonic acid declined and glucuronic acid level enhanced, average particle size decreased from 99.9 μm to 25.7 μm, and color brightness of polysaccharide strengthened after degraded by H2O2-Vc. There was no significant change in thermal stability of polysaccharide before and after degradation. It was observed in AFM analysis, polysaccharide changed to smaller, delicacy and dispersion after degradation. As seen in FT-IR, H2O2-Vc degradation never change the structure of polysaccharide. Polysaccharide and its degradation products showed a significant inhibition effect on pancreatic lipase and cholesterol esterase in a dose-dependent manner, which presented the mixed type of competitive and non-competitive for pancreatic lipase, and non-competitive for cholesterol esterase, respectively. The fluorescence quenching type was static on pancreatic lipase and dynamic on cholesterol esterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Long
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China.,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Huan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Shengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Laihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Bo Qi
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Chunsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Shucheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing and Safety, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Food, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Zhanjiang 524088, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xianqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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7
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Lan D, Li S, Tang W, Zhao Z, Luo M, Yuan S, Xu J, Wang Y. Glycerol is Released from a New Path in MGL Lipase Catalytic Process. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 62:2248-2256. [PMID: 34873908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Traditionally, it is believed that the substrate and products of a monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) share the same path to enter and exit the catalytic site. Glycerol (a product of MGL), however, was recently hypothesized to be released through a different path. In order to improve the catalytic efficacy and thermo-stability of MGL, it is important to articulate the pathways of a MGL products releasing. In this study, with structure biological approaches, biochemical experiments, and in silico methods, we prove that glycerol is released from a different path in the catalytic site indeed. The fatty acid (another product of MGL) does share the same binding path with the substrate. This discovery paves a new road to design MGL inhibitors or optimize MGL catalytic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongming Lan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center of Lipid Science and Applied Engineering Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Shu Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center of Lipid Science and Applied Engineering Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Zexin Zhao
- School of Biology and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
| | - Mupeng Luo
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, 132 East Circle at University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Research Center of Lipid Science and Applied Engineering Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P.R. China
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