1
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Fang Y, Qi D, Wu L. Flame retardant cotton fabrics with ultra-fast and long-term fire early warning response. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:132673. [PMID: 38821804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Smart textiles with flame retardant and fire-warning functions have received more and more attention. However, improving the fire-warning response sensitivity and long-term responsiveness of the smart textiles is a top priority. In this research, flame retardant and fire-warning cotton fabrics were prepared by layer-by-layer assembly composite coating consisting of bio-based flame retardants composed of chitosan (CS) and phytic acid (PA) and carbon-based nanomaterials composed of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene oxide (GO). The PA-GO/CS-CNTs coated cotton fabric showed excellent flame retardancy with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31 %, and the coated fabrics could self-extinguish rapidly when the flame was removed. The fire hazard of the coated fabric was significantly reduced by reducing the 45.77 % of peak heat release rate, 29.69 % of total heat release and 81.9 % of total smoke production. The PA-GO/CS-CNTs coated cotton fabric showed ultra-fast fire warning response with the response time of 1.0 s. And the fire-warning response time of the coated cotton fabric could last longer than 600 s revealing it possessed the continuous fire warning response property. This research provides a new strategy to prepare the smart fireproof textiles with flame retardant and fire-warning functions to broaden its application in early fire-warning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchun Fang
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China.
| | - Daojun Qi
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Lingshuang Wu
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
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2
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Zhang X, Li P, Liu Z, Wang H, Zhu P. Eco-friendly multifunctional coating for polyester-cotton blended fabrics with superior flame retardancy and antibacterial properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132407. [PMID: 38754665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Since the fire hazards of polyester-cotton blended (PTCO) fabrics and the hidden dangers of bacterial infection concerns caused by the contained cotton fiber, the design of flame retardant and antibacterial PTCO fabrics has received considerable attention. In this work, flame-retardant PTCO fabrics with satisfactory antibacterial properties were fabricated via a convenient and eco-friendly impregnation treatment involving guanidine phosphate (GP) and polyethylenimine (PEI). The prepared PTCO fabrics demonstrated excellent flame retardancy with a high limiting oxygen index value of 30.5 % and self-extinguishing capability, the damaged length was only 34 mm in the vertical flammability test. Furthermore, the peak heat release rate and the total heat release of coated PTCO fabrics were reduced significantly by 49 % and 38 %, respectively, indicating a substantial enhancement in fire safety. According to the analysis of the char residues and volatiles, GP presented great catalytic carbonization property, and PEI assisted the formation of the dense and stable carbon layer. The stable carbon layer effectively restricted mass and oxygen transfer between the PTCO fabrics and the environment. In addition, the introduction of PEI also produced more nonflammable gases to enhance the flame retardancy of the PTCO fabrics. Importantly, the GP/PEI coating barely deteriorate the physical and mechanical properties of the PTCO fabrics. The antibacterial rate of the GP/PEI-coated PTCO fabrics against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was 99.99 %, similar to that of GP-coated fabrics, indicating the efficacy antibacterial properties of GP, and the addition of PEI did not compromise the antibacterial properties of GP. This work offers an efficient and simple approach to producing multifunctional PTCO fabrics with excellent flame retardancy and antibacterial properties, which are hopeful to expand the promising application of PTCO fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Zhang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame Retardant Textile Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame Retardant Textile Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhanna Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame Retardant Textile Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huaifang Wang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame Retardant Textile Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China..
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame Retardant Textile Materials, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China..
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3
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Zhang G, Liu C, Yang L, Kong Y, Fan X, Zhang J, Liu X, Yuan B. A flame-retardant and conductive fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerator: Application in fire alarm and emergency evacuation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 658:219-229. [PMID: 38104404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The fabrics commonly used in architectural decorative materials pose significant fire hazards due to their flammability and rapid fire spread. Moreover, the traditional fire-alarm systems may fail to function properly in complex fire environments owing to power supply disruptions. In this study, we developed a low-cost and eco-friendly flame-retardant conductive fabric-based triboelectric nanogenerator (FCF-TENG) by integrating flame-retardant conductive nylon fabric and polytetrafluoroethylene soaked cotton fabric. This nanogenerator exhibits excellent flame-retardant properties and remarkable energy-harvesting capabilities. The nylon fabric, treated with layer-by-layer self-assembly method, possesses outstanding self-extinguishing capability and melt-dripping resistance. Additionally, the electrical performance of FCF-TENG significantly improves, with a 10-fold boost in conductivity, and the open-circuit voltage increases by 84% to 92 V. Besides, by incorporating the rectifier circuit, the FCF-TENG is capable of completely charging a 1 μF capacitor within 30 s. Furthermore, the FCF-TENG was successfully applied as a self-powered sensor in the fire-alarm system and served as a safety exit indicator for evacuees and fire rescue. This work presents an effective and innovative application of multifunctional smart textiles for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Zhang
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Hubei Sanjiang Aerospace Jianghe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Yichang 444200, China
| | - Lujia Yang
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yue Kong
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xu Fan
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Hubei Sanjiang Aerospace Jianghe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Yichang 444200, China
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Hefei Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Bihe Yuan
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
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4
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Yue C, Ding C, Hu M, Zhang R, Cheng B. Collagen/functionalized cellulose nanofibril composite aerogels with pH-responsive characteristics for drug delivery system. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129650. [PMID: 38286379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
In this work, carboxylated and amination modified cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were fabricated via the TEMPO catalytic oxidation system and diethylenetriamine, and collagen composite aerogels were fabricated through a simple self-assembly pretreatment and directional freeze-drying technology. Morphology analysis showed that the collagen composite aerogels had distinct layered-oriented double network structures after the self-assembly pretreatment. The intermolecular interactions between the collagen fibrils and functionalized CNFs (fCNFs) on the structures and properties of the composite aerogels were also examined through various characterization techniques. Water contact angle tests demonstrated the pH-responsive characteristics of the collagen/fCNF composite aerogels. Using 5-fluorouracil as the model drug, the pH-response mechanism was revealed. These results indicated that the collagen/fCNF composite aerogels exhibited excellent pH-responsive drug release capacities. Therefore, these pH-responsive collagen composite aerogels might have potential applications in industrial production in the biomedical, drug delivery, and tissue engineering fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Yue
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Changkun Ding
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Fibers and Energy Storage, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Ruquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China.
| | - Bowen Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
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5
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Yu X, Jin X, He Y, Yu Z, Zhang R, Qin D. Eco-friendly bamboo pulp foam enabled by chitosan and phytic acid interfacial assembly of halloysite nanotubes: Toward flame retardancy, thermal insulation, and sound absorption. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129393. [PMID: 38218301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Lightweight, porous cellulose foam is an attractive alternative to traditional petroleum-based products, but the intrinsic flammability impedes its use in construction. Herein, an environmentally friendly strategy for scalable fabrication of flame-retardant bamboo pulp foam (BPF) using a foam-forming technique followed by low-cost ambient drying is reported. In the process, a hierarchical structure of halloysite nanotubes (HNT) was decorated onto bamboo pulp fibers through layer-by-layer assembling of chitosan (CS) and phytic acid (PA). This modification retained the highly porous microcellular structure of the resultant BPF (92 %-98 %). It improved its compressive strength by 228.01 % at 50 % strain, endowing this foam with desired thermal insulation properties and sound absorption coefficient comparable to commercial products. More importantly, this foam possessed exceptional flame retardancy (47.05 % reduction in the total heat release and 95.24 % reduction in the total smoke production) in cone calorimetry, and it showed excellent extinguishing performance, indicating considerably enhanced fire safety. These encouraging results suggest that the flame retardant BPF has the potential to serve as a renewable and cost-effective alternative to traditional foam for applications in acoustic and thermal insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xiaobei Jin
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Ying He
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zixuan Yu
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Daochun Qin
- Sanya Research Base, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Sanya 572000, Hainan, China
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6
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Song WM, Zhang LY, Li P, Ni YP, Liu Y. The fabrication of flame-retardant viscose fabrics with phytic acid-based flame retardants: Balancing efficient flame retardancy and tensile strength. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129596. [PMID: 38253158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Viscose fabrics have been widely used in various applications, but their potential fire hazard has been a concern. To address this issue, improving the flame retardancy of viscose fabrics has become a significant priority. Phytic acid (PA) and xylitol were used to create a novel flame retardant, PAXY. PAXY was finished on viscose fabrics by pad-dry-curing process, and the performance of coated viscose fabrics was investigated. The results showed that the limiting oxygen index value of PAXY13-100 (fabrics finished with a 100 g/L flame-retardant solution and the flame retardant synthesized by a 1: 3 M ratio of PA to xylitol) reached 32.8 % and the heat release rate value was decreased by 77 %. Based on the findings from the analysis of both the gas phase and condensed phase products, PAXY promoted the dehydration of viscose fabrics to produce a denser char layer, which inhibited the production of flammable gases. Surprisingly, the breaking force retention of PAXY13-100 reached 90 % in warp and 114 % in weft. Compared with that of 100 g/L PA-treated fabrics, the breaking force of PAXY13-100 increased by nearly 400 %. This work provides a new strategy for PA-based flame-retardant finishing with the synergy of flame retardancy and breaking force retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Meng Song
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li-Yao Zhang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan-Peng Ni
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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7
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Fang Y, Chen L, Liu J, Wu L. Multi-functionalization of cotton fabrics with excellent flame retardant, antibacterial and superhydrophobic properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127889. [PMID: 37935298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Cotton fabric is widely used in many fields for its excellent comfortability, breathability and hygroscopicity. However, the development of multifunctional cotton fabrics to meet the requirements of different scenarios is a top priority. In this study, multifunctional coating was constructed through facile layer-by-layer assembly phytic acid and chitosan, and spraying divalent copper ion and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on cotton fabrics, anticipating to endow them with flame retardancy, antibacterial and superhydrophobic properties simultaneously. The treated cotton fabric achieved a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 32 %, with the char length reducing to 10.7 cm revealing excellent flame retardancy. The water contact angle of multifunctional treated cotton fabric was above 150°, demonstrating it had superhydrophobicity. The antibacterial rates of multifunctional cotton fabrics against E. coli and S. aureus reached to higher than 99 %, indicating that the excellent antibacterial properties. Combined with the thermal stability of cotton fabrics and their char residues analysis, these results demonstrated that the multifunctional coating could act through intumescent flame retardant mechanism to flame retardant cotton fabrics. This research provides a facile way to prepare multifunctional cotton fabrics to broaden the application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchun Fang
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China; China National Textile and Apparel Council Key Laboratory of Flame Retardancy Finishing of Textile Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Lvxin Chen
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Lingshuang Wu
- School of Textile and Garment, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
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8
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Kalali EN, Abdel-Mohsen AM, Shabestari ME, Pop-Georgievski O, Stary Z, Abdel-Rahman RM, Zhao C, Wang X, Esmaeili N, Lotfian S, Petrus J. An eco-friendly, highly efficient, and transparent coating derived from guar gum and citric acid for flame retardant treatment of cotton fabrics. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127506. [PMID: 37863129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient, bio-ecofriendly, and transparent flame retardant (FR) for cotton fabric was developed and deposited onto the cellulose skeletal structure of cotton fabric through a one-pot sol-gel process. The flame retardant functional coating is composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP), guar gum (GG), citric acid (CA), and a negligible amount of catalyst. Cotton fabrics were impregnated with different concentrations of ammonium polyphosphate and guar gum, with citric acid as a crosslinking agent. The overall crosslinking and grafting process was proven by FTIR and XPS. Based on the results, the designed coating exhibits over 90 % transmittance in the visible region. A 15 g/m2 flame-retardant coating induces excellent flame retardant efficiency at ultra-low flame-retardant concentrations of less than 6.25 wt%. Only a 5.25 wt% flame retardant concentration demonstrated condensed phase action, which resulted in 58.5 % and 73.6 % reductions in the pHRR and THR, respectively. Moreover, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value showed a 74 % increase. The mechanical performance of FR coated cotton fibers was slightly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Naderi Kalali
- Department of Fire Safety Engineering, Faculty of Geosceince and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - A M Abdel-Mohsen
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Praha, Czech Republic; CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic; Pretreatment and Finishing of Cellulosic Based Textiles Department, Textile Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 EL Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Marjan Entezar Shabestari
- Department of Fire Safety Engineering, Faculty of Geosceince and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - O Pop-Georgievski
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Stary
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Rasha M Abdel-Rahman
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16200 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Chengshou Zhao
- Department of Fire Safety Engineering, Faculty of Geosceince and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Nima Esmaeili
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural resources engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Saeid Lotfian
- Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0LZ, UK
| | - Josef Petrus
- CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic
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9
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Li P, Jiang XC, Song WM, Zhang LY, Xu YJ, Liu Y, Zhu P. An intumescent flame-retardant system based on carboxymethyl cellulose for flexible polyurethane foams with outstanding flame retardancy, antibacterial properties, and mechanical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124387. [PMID: 37040855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel and eco-friendly intumescent flame-retardant system based on sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was established for wide-used flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs). FPUF-(APP6CMC1)GN1 with extremely uniform coatings extinguished and reached the UL-94 V-0 rating, and presented an improvement of thermal insulation properties. Moreover, there was a 58 % reduction in peak heat release rate for FPUF-(APP6CMC1)GN1 compared with that of FPUF, and the microstructure analysis of char residues indicated that a perfect intumescent char layer had formed on the surface of FPUFs. Especially, CMC and GN enhanced the compactness and stability of char layers. Therefore, little volatile production was generated under the protection of physical layers in the high temperature as evaluated during the thermal degradation processes. Meanwhile, the flame-retardant FPUFs remained the ideal mechanical properties and obtained excellent antibacterial properties, and the antibacterial rates of E.coli and S.aureus were 99.9 % (FPUF-(APP6CMC1)GN1). This work provides an eco-friendlier strategy for the design of multi-function FPUFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xu-Chen Jiang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wan-Meng Song
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li-Yao Zhang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ying-Jun Xu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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10
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Lakhan MN, Chen R, Liu F, Shar AH, Soomro IA, Chand K, Ahmed M, Hanan A, Khan A, Maitlo AA, Wang J. Construction of antifouling marine coatings via layer-by-layer assembly of chitosan and acid siloxane resin. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-023-03518-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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11
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Ehsanimehr S, Sonnier R, Badawi M, Ducos F, Kadi N, Skrifvars M, Saeb MR, Vahabi H. Sustainable Flame-Retardant Flax Fabrics by Engineered Layer-by-Layer Surface Functionalization with Phytic Acid and Polyethylenimine. FIRE TECHNOLOGY 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37360675 PMCID: PMC10042673 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-023-01387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
New generation of mission-oriented fabrics meets advanced requirements; such as electrical conductivity, flame retardancy, and anti-bacterial properties. However, sustainability concerns still are on-demand in fabrication of multi-functional fabrics. In this work, we used a bio-based phosphorus molecule (phytic acid, PA) to reinforce flax fabrics against flame via layer-by-layer consecutive surface modification. First, the flax fabric was treated with PA. Then, polyethylenimine (PEI) was localized above it to create negative charges, and finally PA was deposited as top-layer. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), and inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) proved successful chemical treatment. Pyrolysis-combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC) showed significant drop by about 77% in the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) from 215 W/g for untreated to 50 W/g for treated flax fabric. Likewise, the total heat release (THR) decreased by more than three times from 11 to 3.2 kJ/g. Mechanical behavior of the treated flax fabric was completely different from untreated flax fabrics, changing from almost highly-strengthened behavior with short elongation at break to a rubber-like behavior with significantly higher elongation at break. Surface friction resistance was also improved, such that the abrasion resistance of the modified fabrics increased up to 30,000 rub cycles without rupture. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10694-023-01387-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ehsanimehr
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - R. Sonnier
- IMT – Mines Ales, Polymers Hybrids and Composites (PCH), 6 Avenue De Clavières, 30319 Alès Cedex, France
| | - M. Badawi
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - F. Ducos
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, 57000 Metz, France
| | - N. Kadi
- Department of Textile Technology, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
| | - M. Skrifvars
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, Faculty of Textiles, Engineering and Business, University of Borås, 501 90 Borås, Sweden
| | - M. R. Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - H. Vahabi
- Université de Lorraine, CentraleSupélec, LMOPS, 57000 Metz, France
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12
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Rahman MZ, Wang X, Song L, Hu Y. A novel green phosphorus-containing flame retardant finishing on polysaccharide-modified polyamide 66 fabric for improving hydrophilicity and durability. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 239:124252. [PMID: 36996951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Rising concerns about the toxic effects and environmental issues associated with various fireproof treatments on textiles have led to a demand for "green" materials. Chitosan (CS) is an amino polysaccharide green, recyclable, and non-toxic highly biocompatible biopolymer that consists of multiple hydroxyl groups and has a wide range of applications, including as a flame retardant additive. In this study, an eco-friendly bio-based formaldehyde-free flame retardant containing a higher level of phosphorus and nitrogen in phytic acid ammonia (PAA) was synthesized to amplify the most plentiful green chitosan (CS)-modified polyamide 66 (PA66) fabric surface through a simple pad-dry-cure technique for the improvement of durable flame retardancy with hydrophilicity. The findings revealed that each UV-grafted CS fabric could entirely stop the melt-dripping tendency during the vertical burning (UL-94) test and reached a V-1 rating. Meanwhile, limiting oxygen index (LOI) testing showed a rapid increase from 18.5 % to 24 % for the PA66 control and the PAA-treated (i.e., PA66-g-5CS-PAA) fabric samples, respectively. Moreover, compared to the PA66 control sample, a dramatic decrease in the peak heat release rate (PHRR), fire growth rate (FGR), and total heat release (THR) by approximately over 52 %, 0.63 %, and 19.7 %, respectively, was observed for the PA66-g-5CS-PAA fabric sample. Additionally, this arrangement of PAA catalyzed the charring of grafted CS and acted as a condensed phase flame retardant, resulting in a significant improvement in char yield% in both air and N2 atmospheres for the PA66-g-5CS-PAA fabric sample in TGA. In addition, only the lower grafting ratio of CS with PAA-treated fabric sample (i.e., PA66-g-2CS-PAA) could encourage it to gain its lowest water contact angle of 00, as well as impersonating a positive effect in improving the flame retardant coating durability in washing and sustaining even after 10 home laundering cycles. This phenomenon suggests that an actual hydrophilic and durable flame retardant finishing procedure for polyamide 66 fabrics might be applied with the novel, plentiful, sustainable, and environmentally friendly bio-based green PAA ingredient.
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Santhosh B, Kumar M, Mathews JM, Mohamed AAP, Solaiappan A. A facile Hydrous Mechano-synthesis of magnesium hydroxide [Hy-Mg(OH)2] nano fillers for flame-retardant polyester composites. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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14
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Tang W, Zhang A, Cheng Y, Dessie W, Liao Y, Chen H, Qin Z, Wang X, Jin X. Fabrication and application of chitosan-based biomass composites with fire safety, water treatment and antibacterial properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:266-276. [PMID: 36336155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a biomass composite material (CS@NC@PA-Na) was prepared from chitosan (CS), nano-cellulose (NC) and sodium phytate (PA-Na). The prepared products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The fire/water safety and antimicrobial properties of the CS@NC@PA-Na were fully studied. The results indicated CS@NC@PA-Na (50 mg) could effectively reduce the concentration of methyl orange by 85 % under 30 min adsorption. Meanwhile, only 5 wt% CS@NC@PA-Na could increase the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of epoxy resin composite from 24.5 to 30.1 %, and decrease the peak heat/smoke release rate by 29.5 and 33.3 %, respectively. Moreover, CS@NC@PA-Na also exhibited excellent antibacterial effect. This work provides an efficient, feasible and eco-friendly route for large-scale production of multi-functional CS-based biomass materials that could be used in the fields of fire safety and environmental conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wufei Tang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Mineralogy and Metallogeny, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Aozheng Zhang
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Youwei Cheng
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Wubliker Dessie
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Yunhui Liao
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Huifang Chen
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
| | - Zuodong Qin
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Shenzhen 863 New Material and Technology Co, Ltd, Shenzhen 518117, China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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15
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Vishwakarma A, Singh M, Weclawski B, Reddy VJ, Kandola BK, Manik G, Dasari A, Chattopadhyay S. Construction of hydrophobic fire retardant coating on cotton fabric using a layer-by-layer spray coating method. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:1653-1666. [PMID: 36354078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional cotton fabric was prepared through a two-step layer-by-layer spray coating method, where the first layer of the coating comprising chitosan and ammonium phytate provided fire retardancy, and the second one with PDMS-ZnO composite imparted hydrophobicity to the fabric. A molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study was carried out to calculate interfacial adhesion of different components of the coating, based on which the sequencing of the coating layers was determined and used to prepare coated samples. The coated fabric demonstrated a significant improvement in fire retardancy through an increase in LOI from 18 % in control to 30 %, a reduction in char length from 30 cm to 7 cm, and a decrease in peak and total heat release rate values by 75 % and 33 %, respectively. The hydrophobicity of coated fabric was tested via water drop test where coated sample maintained a contact angle of 148° for up to 120 s, while the control sample showed 0°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Vishwakarma
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Bartosz Weclawski
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK
| | | | - Baljinder K Kandola
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Deane Road, Bolton BL3 5AB, UK.
| | - Gaurav Manik
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India
| | - Aravind Dasari
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (Blk. N4.1), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639789, Singapore
| | - Sujay Chattopadhyay
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, IIT Roorkee Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur 247001, India.
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16
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Iverson ET, Legendre H, Schmieg K, Palen B, Kolibaba TJ, Chiang HC, Grunlan JC. Polyelectrolyte Coacervate Coatings That Dramatically Improve Oxygen Barrier of Paper. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan T. Iverson
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hudson Legendre
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kendra Schmieg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Bethany Palen
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Thomas J. Kolibaba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hsu-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jaime C. Grunlan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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17
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Chen X, Lin X, Ye W, Xu B, Wang DY. Polyelectrolyte as highly efficient flame retardant to epoxy: Synthesis, characterization and mechanism. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Chen J, Peng Q, Peng X, Zhang H, Zeng H. Probing and Manipulating Noncovalent Interactions in Functional Polymeric Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14594-14678. [PMID: 36054924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Noncovalent interactions, which usually feature tunable strength, reversibility, and environmental adaptability, have been recognized as driving forces in a variety of biological and chemical processes, contributing to the recognition between molecules, the formation of molecule clusters, and the establishment of complex structures of macromolecules. The marriage of noncovalent interactions and conventional covalent polymers offers the systems novel mechanical, physicochemical, and biological properties, which are highly dependent on the binding mechanisms of the noncovalent interactions that can be illuminated via quantification. This review systematically discusses the nanomechanical characterization of typical noncovalent interactions in polymeric systems, mainly through direct force measurements at microscopic, nanoscopic, and molecular levels, which provide quantitative information (e.g., ranges, strengths, and dynamics) on the binding behaviors. The fundamental understandings of intermolecular and interfacial interactions are then correlated to the macroscopic performances of a series of noncovalently bonded polymers, whose functions (e.g., stimuli-responsiveness, self-healing capacity, universal adhesiveness) can be customized through the manipulation of the noncovalent interactions, providing insights into the rational design of advanced materials with applications in biomedical, energy, environmental, and other engineering fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingsi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Qiongyao Peng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xuwen Peng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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19
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Yan Y, Dong S, Jiang H, Hou B, Wang Z, Jin C. Efficient and Durable Flame-Retardant Coatings on Wood Fabricated by Chitosan, Graphene Oxide, and Ammonium Polyphosphate Ternary Complexes via a Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly Approach. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:29369-29379. [PMID: 36033710 PMCID: PMC9404465 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and durable flame-retardant coating was constructed on wood via a layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly approach by using a chitosan (CS), graphene oxide (GO), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) ternary flame-retardant system. Both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis indicated that CS-GO and APP polyelectrolytes were successfully deposited on wood, and the deposition amount was increased with the numbers of the LBLs. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the CS-GO-APP coating could decrease the initial and maximum thermal decomposition temperature of the coated wood while increase the char residue significantly, which may be attributed to the earlier degradation of CS and APP and effective heat barrier of the incorporated GO, thus increasing the thermal stability of the modified wood. The limited oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimeter analysis results of the pristine and coated wood indicated that the fire resistance was significantly improved after CS-GO-APP modification; when 15 BLs were deposited on the wood, the LOI was increased from pristine 22 to 42, while the heat release rate and total heat release decreased from pristine 105.50 kW/m2 and 62.43 MJ/m2 to 57.51 kW/m2 and 34.31 MJ/m2, respectively. What is more, the 24 h immersion experiments and abrasion tests proved the excellent durability of the deposited coating. Furthermore, the SEM images of the char residues after flaming test proved that the CS-GO-APP assembly coating could promote the char layer formation on the wood surface and block the heat and flame spread, thus protecting the wood from fire attacking.
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20
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Jiang Q, Li P, Liu Y, Zhu P. Phytic Acid-Iron/Laponite Coatings for Enhanced Flame Retardancy, Antidripping and Mechanical Properties of Flexible Polyurethane Foam. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169145. [PMID: 36012407 PMCID: PMC9408875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) is severely limited due to its flammability and dripping, which can easily cause major fire hazards. Therefore, choosing an appropriate flame retardant to solve this problem is an urgent need. A coating was prepared on the FPUF surface by dipping with phytic acid (PA), Fe2(SO4)3·xH2O, and laponite (LAP). The influence of PA-Fe/LAP coating on FPUF flame-retardant performance was explored by thermal stability, flame retardancy, combustion behavior, and smoke density analysis. FPUF/PA-Fe/LAP has a good performance in the small fire test, which can pass the UL-94 V-0 rating and the limiting oxygen index reaches 24.5%. Meanwhile, the peak heat release rate values and maximum smoke density of FPUF/PA-Fe/LAP are reduced by 38.7% and 38.5% compared with those of neat FPUF. After applying PA-Fe/LAP coating, the value of fire growth rate index decreases from 10.5 kW/(m2·s) to 5.1 kW/(m2·s), dramatically reducing the fire risk. Encouragingly, the effect of PA-Fe/LAP coating on cyclic compression and permanent deformation is small, which is close to that of neat FPUF. This work provides an effective strategy for making a flame-retardant FPUF with antidripping and keeping mechanical properties.
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21
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Environmental Friendly Intumescent Flame Retardant Gives Epoxy Resin Excellent Fire Resistance and Mechanical Properties. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0059-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Yang Y, Wang X, Cheng X, Li H, Gu X, Sun J, Zhang S. Improving the flame retardant and antibacterial performance of polyester/cotton blend fabrics with organic-inorganic hybrid coating. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Fabrication of superhydrophobic and flame-retardant polyethylene terephthalate fabric through a fluorine-free layer-by-layer technique. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2022-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric materials are broadly applied in daily life. However, on one hand, they suffer problem of easy contamination by dust owing to their hydrophilicity, which largely reduce their lifetime. On the other hand, their inflammability will bring many potential safety hazards. Therefore, in this paper, PET fabric material with superior superhydrophobicity and flame retardance through a fluorine-free layer-by-layer (LBL) method was developed, which effectively extended its lifetime and range of applications. The LBL technique was realized through assembly of the mixed polyelectrolytes include chitosan (CS), phytic acid (PA), and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) for only two bilayers (BL), which endowed the fabric superior fire retardance. A final layer consisted of steel slag (SS) particles and octadecylamine (ODA) were further assembled onto the flame-retardant fabric, which successfully gave rise to superior superhydrophobicity with water contact angle (WCA) of 155° and water sliding angle (WSA) of 2°. Compared with the pure fabric, the limited oxygen index (LOI) values of the coated fabric were enhanced from 19.8% to 29.2%. The finally obtained fabric also showed excellent self-cleaning and anti-fouling capabilities. It could be used to highly efficiently separate various oil–water mixtures. It also could endure long-time heating treatment at high temperature of 180 °C without affecting the superhydrophobicity and flame retardance. This method was fluorine-free and made good use of waste SS particles. Such fabric was believed to find vary promising applications in water repellence, self-cleaning, flame retardance, anti-fouling, and liquid separation fields.
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24
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Qi P, Wang S, Wang W, Sun J, Yuan H, Zhang S. Chitosan/sodium polyborate based micro-nano coating with high flame retardancy and superhydrophobicity for cotton fabric. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:261-273. [PMID: 35181330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a sustainable flame retardant and superhydrophobic cotton fabric was prepared by a two-step process: the cotton fabric was firstly treated with a chitosan/sodium polyborate polyelectrolyte complex water solution to obtain a flame retardant layer, and then treated with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) tetrahydrofuran solution to construct a superhydrophobic layer. The phase-separated chitosan with a micro-nano roughness structure was covered by PDMS, which synergistically improved the hydrophobicity of the cotton fabric. The flammability evaluation indicated that the limiting oxygen index value of the treated fabric was increased to 40.0% from 18.2%, the peak of heat release rate was reduced by 63.8%, and the total heat release was reduced by 57.6% compared with that of the control sample. The enhanced flame retardancy was attributed to the excellent charring ability in the condensed phase. The treated fabric also showed anti-sticking, self-cleaning, and oil/water-separating properties. This coating treatment without any F, Cl, Br, P elements involved is regarded as a clean methodology for producing flame retardant and superhydrophobic cotton fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, PR China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Shuheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, PR China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Wenjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, PR China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, PR China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Hongfu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, PR China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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25
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Iverson ET, Chiang HC, Kolibaba TJ, Schmieg K, Grunlan JC. Extraordinarily High Dielectric Breakdown Strength of Multilayer Polyelectrolyte Thin Films. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan T. Iverson
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Hsu-Cheng Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Thomas J. Kolibaba
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kendra Schmieg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jaime C. Grunlan
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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26
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Cheng X, Shi L, Fan Z, Yua N, Liu R. Bio-based coating of phytic acid, chitosan, and biochar for flame-retardant cotton fabrics. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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27
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Balbas DQ, Cirrincione C, Cimò M, Lanterna G, Pizzo B, Fontana R, Striova J. Evaluation of an eco-friendly flame retardant treatment applied to cellulosic textiles used for the conservation of historical tapestries. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Shen Y, Sun Q, Liu L, Xu H, Wei J, Chen X, Song X, Zhang B. A green COPD flame retardant for improving poly(l-lactic acid). Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Zhu K, Jiang Z, Xu X, Zhang Y, Zhu M, Wang J, Ren A. Preparation and thermal cross-linking mechanism of co-polyester fiber with flame retardancy and anti-dripping by in situ polymerization. RSC Adv 2021; 12:168-180. [PMID: 35424466 PMCID: PMC8978624 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07410e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has been conducted on polyester flame retardants and anti-droplet modifications in recent years. The conventional methods used to improve the effectiveness of the anti-droplet modifications usually involve improving the melt fluidity and the combustion char formation through reactive cross-linking. However, these methods, while reducing the droplets, may produce more smoke. This study proposes a combustion cross-linking method which avoids the droplet and flame retardancy synergistic modification problem. Based on the flame retardancy of polyester, anti-droplet properties were realized using a collaborative cross – linking structure formed by a phosphorus – containing flame – retardant group and acid silicon solvent to achieve a flame retardant and anti-droplets result. The results show that the phosphorus–silicon copolyester presents an enhancement effect for flame retardancy, confirmed by obvious reductions in the peak value of heat release rate (78.4%) and total heat release (44.2%). Meanwhile, the total smoke release and smoke product rate of phosphorus–silicon copolyester are decreased by 45.1% and 41.5%, respectively. And the phosphorus–silicon copolyester has a high LOI value of 34.8 ± 0.1% and UL-94 is V-0 rating with superior anti-dripping performance. Flame retardancy index (FRI) of the copolyesters containing phosphorus–silica are up to 4.3093 (good flame retardancy). Nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was performed for qualitative analysis of network formation by the aid of Cure Index (CI) dimensionless criterion. It was observed that the acidic silica led to Excellent cure situation. The TG-DSC, XPS, and FTIR results validate the thermal cross-linking ability of the copolymer due to the synergistic cross-linking effect between the self-cross-linking characteristic of the catalysed acidic silica sol containing the phosphorus flame retardant. The SEM-EDX and Raman results further verify the effectiveness of the condensed-phase flame-retardant mechanism. Phosphorus–silicon copolyester has good spinnability, flame retardancy and anti-droplets properties. Which provides a simple method for preparing polyester by using this combustion synergistic crosslinking effect to achieve flame retardant and anti-dripping modification of copolymers. Scheme of proposed thermal cross-linking mechanism.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Sciences Shanghai 201620 PR China
| | - Zhenlin Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Sciences Shanghai 201620 PR China .,Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 PR China
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Sciences Shanghai 201620 PR China
| | - Yun Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Sciences Shanghai 201620 PR China
| | - Min Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Advanced Mirco- and Nano-Fabrication Materials, Shanghai University of Engineering Sciences Shanghai 201620 PR China
| | - Jianghua Wang
- Jiangsu Guowanggaoke Fiber Co., Ltd Suzhou 215228 PR China
| | - Alex Ren
- Shanghai Rongteng Packing Service Co., Ltd Shanghai 201620 PR China
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Choi KW, Kim JW, Kwon TS, Kang SW, Song JI, Park YT. Mechanically Sustainable Starch-Based Flame-Retardant Coatings on Polyurethane Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081286. [PMID: 33920820 PMCID: PMC8071101 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of halogen-based materials has been regulated since toxic substances are released during combustion. In this study, polyurethane foam was coated with cationic starch (CS) and montmorillonite (MMT) nano-clay using a spray-assisted layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly to develop an eco-friendly, high-performance flame-retardant coating agent. The thickness of the CS/MMT coating layer was confirmed to have increased uniformly as the layers were stacked. Likewise, a cone calorimetry test confirmed that the heat release rate and total heat release of the coated foam decreased by about 1/2, and a flame test showed improved fire retardancy based on the analysis of combustion speed, flame size, and residues of the LbL-coated foam. More importantly, an additional cone calorimeter test was performed after conducting more than 1000 compressions to assess the durability of the flame-retardant coating layer when applied in real life, confirming the durability of the LbL coating by the lasting flame retardancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Who Choi
- School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, 76 Hanggongdaehak-ro, Deogyang-gu, Goyang-si 10540, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Jun-Woo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Tae-Soon Kwon
- Korea Railroad Research Institute, 176 Cheoldo bangmulgwan-ro, Uiwang-si 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Seok-Won Kang
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea;
| | - Jung-Il Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Uichang-gu, Changwon 51140, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea;
| | - Yong-Tae Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-330-6343
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