Gas assisted in situ biomimetic mineralization of bacterial cellulose/calcium carbonate bio composites by bacterial

Immune enhancement of rhamnolipid/manganese calcium phosphate mineralized nanoparticle: A promising subunit antigen delivery system

The use of biomimetic mineralization strategy is promising to solve the problem of poor stability and immune effect of subunit antigens. However, non-specifically inducing protein mineralization is still a challenge. we hypothesized that rhamnolipids with both protein and metal binding capacity could be used to develop more functional and biocompatible calcium mineralized nanoparticle (RMCP). The results show that rhamnolipids synergistically enhanced the mineralization of protein with manganese ions and improved 21 % the loading antigens of RMCP compared to manganese calcium phosphate nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) showed particle size of RMCP is 260 ± 12.1 nm with spherical morphology. In vitro experiments have shown that RMCP effectively activate immune cells through the cGAS-STING and NLRP3 pathways and demonstrated a higher level of cytokines in RAW264.7 Macrophages. In vivo, RMCP triggered an increased IgG titer with 16.5-fold IgG2a/IgG1 ratio compared to the aluminum adjuvant which improved the recovery status after challenge in mice. We used biological surfactants for the first time to enhance the biomimetic mineralization process of subunit antigen, which provides a new approach for constructing calcium-based biocompatible antigen delivery vectors, helping to develop a new generation of stable, efficient, and safe subunit vaccines.

The orchestration of sustained drug delivery by bacterial cellulose/gelatin nanocomposites reinforced with carboxylic carbon nanotubes

Recently, modifying bacterial cellulose (BC) by compositing it with other nano-biomaterials has become inevitable to achieve its desired properties in drug delivery. To address this, our study endeavors to utilize an in-situ fabrication method for the creation of a multifunctional BC/gelatin (BC/Gel) platform reinforced with carboxylic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (cMWCNTs) as a sustainable delivery model of biomolecules. Incipiently, cMWCNTs were loaded with human serum albumin (HSA) as a drug model, with an optimized nanoparticle-to-protein ratio of 1:5 and loading efficiency of 90.0 ± 1.0 % before incorporation into BC/Gel hydrogels. By comparison, nanocomposition improved the surface area and overall porosity of BC/Gel up to 58.0 ± 1.3 m2/g and 85.5 ± 1.1 %, respectively. Likewise, significant wettability of 44.0 ± 0.1° and dramatic biodegradation rate of 36.9 ± 1.2 % were other exceptionally gained attributes. Meanwhile, with a Zero-order kinetic mechanism, CNT-HSA integration facilitated the controlled release of 56.0 ± 0.9 % HSA over 7 days. Drug-loaded nanocomposites showcased >70 % viability during in vitro cellular trials using Human Foreskin Fibroblasts (HFF). Overall, BC/Gel/CNT-HSA nanocomposite exhibited favorable cell behavior, devoid of cytotoxic manifestations. Consequently, this BC-based nanocomposite scaffold implicates the premiere capability in the sustained delivery of an extended range of protein biomolecules, offering a promising therapeutic avenue for bolstering tissue regeneration.

Secondary Structure of DNA Aptamer Influences Biomimetic Mineralization of Calcium Carbonate

Calcium materials, such as calcium carbonate, are produced in natural and industrial settings that range from oceanic to biomedical. An array of biological and biomimetic template molecules have been employed in controlling and understanding the mineralization reaction but have largely focused on small molecule additives or disordered polyelectrolytes. DNA aptamers are synthetic and programmable biomolecules with polyelectrolyte characteristics but with predictable and controllable secondary structure akin to native extracellular moieties. This work demonstrates for the first time the influence of DNA aptamers with known G-quadruplex structures on calcium carbonate mineralization. Aptamers demonstrate kinetic inhibition of mineral formation, sequence and pH-dependent uptake into the mineral, and morphological control of the primarily calcite material in controlled solution conditions. In reactions initiated from the complex matrix of ocean water, DNA aptamers demonstrated enhancement of mineralization kinetics and resulting amorphous material. This work provides new biomimetic tools to employ in controlled mineralization and demonstrates the influence that template secondary structure can have in material formation.