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Dai K, Cao S, Yuan J, Wang Z, Li H, Yuan C, Yan X, Xing R. Recent Advances of Sustainable UV Shielding Materials: Mechanisms and Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2025. [PMID: 40372797 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5c04539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2025]
Abstract
The escalating global threat of ultraviolet (UV) radiation is manifested through multifaceted damage pathways including cutaneous carcinogenesis, photodegradation of organic substrates, marine ecosystem destabilization, and infrastructure weathering. These urgent challenges have catalyzed sustained interdisciplinary efforts toward advanced UV-shielding technologies spanning biomedical, environmental, and industrial domains. Current material arsenals include melanin, lignin, tannin, polydopamine, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, etc. These materials can be applied to diverse fields such as food packaging, sunscreen fabrics, sunscreen creams, eyeglasses, and sunscreen films through tailored processing techniques and employing distinct photoprotective mechanisms. Notwithstanding significant progress, the development of an integrated selection framework that reconciles efficiency, durability, and environmental compatibility persists as a critical knowledge gap. In this context, the main mechanisms of various types of UV shielding materials and their applications in different fields are described systematically. Subsequently, a comparative analysis of the advantages and shortcomings of different materials is presented, focusing on their UV shielding efficiency and stability impact. Moreover, the review delves into their unique value in specific scenarios. Finally, building on these analyses, current challenges and future development prospects of UV shielding materials are further discussed, with emphasis on scalability, eco-friendly alternatives, and multifunctional integration, providing valuable insights and guidance for advancing research and promoting sustainable and functional innovations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Dai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Shuai Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiewei Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Chengqian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Mesoscience, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ruirui Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Yuan S, Li B, Chang L, Guo H, Ding L, Hou J, Zhang S, Zang C, Zheng L, Yang W, Guan H. Characterization and antioxidant activity of differentiated fractionation lignin from corn stover. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 303:140538. [PMID: 39894110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2025] [Accepted: 01/30/2025] [Indexed: 02/04/2025]
Abstract
Lignin contains many chemical functional groups with multiple biological activities. However, the heterogeneity of lignin such as complex structure and high polydispersity, and poor dissolution performance hinders its value-added application. In this study, it was found that there was a significant difference in the solubility of the chemical components of corn stover alkali-extracted lignin-carbohydrate complex (CSALCC) in a 0.6 M NaHCO3 solution. Herein, CSALCC was fractionated using a 0.6 M NaHCO3 solution, hot water, acid precipitation, and macroporous adsorption resin D101 column chromatography to afford fraction F1-1, F2, and F3-1. To demonstrate the improvement in composition, water solubility and antioxidant activity of the fractions. The characterization techniques UV, FTIR, NMR, TGA, SDS-PAGE and GPC were employed. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by ABTS, ORAC and ferric reducing power assay. F1-1 consists mainly of hemicellulose and is soluble in deionized water. F2 is a more water-soluble lignin than CSALCC, which is conducive to the development of value-added products of lignin in aqueous systems. F3-1 was acidic-soluble lignin with the highest total polyphenol content of all fractions, and exhibited higher water solubility, antioxidant properties and UV absorption. F3-1 may have potential application in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, the food processing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - Boyu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - Liya Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Scientific Research, Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - Lin Ding
- Department of Scientific Research, Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - Jiajun Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - Shenglong Zhang
- Heilongjiang Guohong Energy Saving and Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Harbin, PR China
| | - Chuangang Zang
- Department of Scientific Research, Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - Long Zheng
- Department of Scientific Research, Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China
| | - Wenqin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China; Department of Scientific Research, Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China.
| | - Hong Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China; Department of Scientific Research, Research Center of Microecological Engineering Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, PR China.
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Zheng Y, Xue P, Guo R, Gong J, Qian G, Chen C, Min D, Tong Y, Lu M. A ternary deep eutectic solvent for efficient biomass fractionation and lignin stabilization. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 298:140070. [PMID: 39837436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Revised: 01/11/2025] [Accepted: 01/17/2025] [Indexed: 01/23/2025]
Abstract
The efficient isolation and lignin stabilization are critical to the fractionation process of lignocellulosic biomass, enabling the subsequent valorization of both carbohydrates and lignin. In this study, a ternary deep eutectic solvent pretreatment system with outstanding reusability has been developed. Under optimal conditions (ChCl: MT: p-TsOH = 1:1:0.5, 120 °C, 60 min), the system efficiently removed 94.66 % of hemicellulose and 95.74 % of lignin while retaining 84.50 % of cellulose. Glucose was obtained from the cellulose-rich solid residue via enzymatic hydrolysis, achieving an 87.12 % yield. This DES system inhibits lignin condensation through a dual mechanism of α-etherification and intermolecular forces (π-π stacking and hydrophobic interaction). The recovered lignin exhibits a low molecular weight (922-1049 g/mol), high phenolic hydroxyl content (2.57-3.37 mmol/g), low polydispersity (1.54-1.61), and high purity (93.02 %). Combined with its superior antioxidant activity and UV shielding properties, this lignin represents a promising new resource with potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Pengcheng Xue
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Rong Guo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Jianyu Gong
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Guangfu Qian
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Changzhou Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Douyong Min
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yan Tong
- Intelligent Manufacturing College, Guangxi Vocational & Technical Institute of Industry, Nanning 530001, China.
| | - Minsheng Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Lou X, Liu H, Li P, Liang J, Liang C. Research of mesoporous silica loaded lignin to enhance the anti-corrosion and anti-weathering performance of epoxy surface. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 299:140268. [PMID: 39863198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2025] [Accepted: 01/22/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025]
Abstract
A new type of filler was added to epoxy resin to prepare a composite coating with excellent corrosion and weathering resistance. The simple synthesis process and nonpolluting raw materials of this filler contribute to the development of green chemistry. Specifically, lignin was encapsulated in mesoporous silica, the synergistic effect between the two resulted in the formation of lignin/mesoporous silica composite particles (MSN-L) with excellent ultraviolet (UV) resistance. Moreover, MSN-L was incorporated into the epoxy coating to form an excellent barrier against the penetration of corrosive media. The coating was characterized using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), contact angle analysis (WCA), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and other testing methods. The results show that the epoxy coating doped with 2 wt% MSN-L exhibits good corrosion resistance and excellent surface stability before and after the accelerated aging experiments. The impedance value of the coating was 106 Ω•cm2 and the corrosion current was 10-4 mA/cm2. After UV aging, the surface roughness was 71.3 % lower and the degree of reduction in the water contact angle was reduced by 61.2 % compared to the blank coating. This corrosion and weather-resistant coating significantly extends the service life of outdoor coatings and provides effective protection for metals used outdoors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Lou
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Huamin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Peiyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Jicai Liang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
| | - Ce Liang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials, Ministry of Education, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China.
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Wang Z, Li C, Liu X, Jia W, Huang L, Wu L, Shi H. Formation of Homogeneous Lignin Nanoparticles from Industrial Kraft Lignin via Fractionation Combined with Antisolvent Precipitation. Biomacromolecules 2025; 26:1838-1849. [PMID: 39951724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2025]
Abstract
Processing lignin into nanoparticles (LNPs) offers a promising utilization strategy; however, its structural and molecular weight heterogeneity poses challenges in the formation of uniform LNPs. In this study, industrial kraft lignin was fractionated in stepwise molecular weight (Mw) from low to high and from which LNPs were fabricated via antisolvent precipitation. The results showed that lignin with high Mw benefits the formation of uniform and smaller-sized LNPs. Particularly, the lignin fraction with Mw of 2016 g·mol-1 fails to form LNPs. The main mechanism is that the higher content of hydrophilic groups (mainly phenolic hydroxyl groups) on the lower molecular weight lignin hinders the formation of LNPs. This hypothesis is supported by the successful formation of homogeneous LNPs after low molecular weight lignin acetylation. Fractionation effectively reduces lignin heterogeneity and promotes the formation of LNPs, which would favor the chemical reactivity and properties, enhancing the utilization of industrial lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshan Wang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, The Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Paper and Pulp Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
| | - Changgeng Li
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, The Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Paper and Pulp Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, The Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Paper and Pulp Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
| | - Wenchao Jia
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, The Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Paper and Pulp Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
| | - Lingzhi Huang
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, The Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Paper and Pulp Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
| | - Lu Wu
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, The Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Paper and Pulp Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
| | - Haiqiang Shi
- Liaoning Key Lab of Lignocellulose chemistry and Biomaterials, The Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Paper and Pulp Engineering, College of Light Industry and Chemical Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning 116034, PR China
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6
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Zheng Y, Kang X, You Z, Li Y, Huang Y, He T, Su T, Ragauskas AJ, Li Z, Wang Q, Song X. The co-production of xylose, fermentable glucose and β-O-4 linkage-rich lignin through efficiently dismantling sugarcane bagasse. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 290:138807. [PMID: 39694376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Revised: 12/04/2024] [Accepted: 12/14/2024] [Indexed: 12/20/2024]
Abstract
As an "upstream" process in biorefinery, biomass dismantling can dismantle the natural stable structure of lignocellulosic biomass and separate its three major components. To increase the value of the entire biomass by fully utilizing the three main components (cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose), this study proposes a two-step decomposition system combining formic acid (FA) pretreatment and ethylene glycol-NaOH (EGA) dismantling, aiming to effectively convert sugarcane bagasse into xylose, fermentable glucose, and high-value lignin. In the first step, FA pretreatment removed 79.85 % of hemicellulose at 140 °C for 90 min with 3 % FA. Based on the first step, further combination of EGA dismantling can achieve a hemicellulose removal rate of 92.05 % and a lignin removal rate of 95.90 %. In addition, the solid residue was hydrolyzed by enzymes, and the glucose conversion rate was close to 83.29 % when the cellulase dosage was 10 FPU/g. In addition, the lignin recovered by this system retained 83.62 % of the natural β-O-4 structure, which has the potential to catalyze the formation of aromatic monomers. In summary, this gentle two-step system simultaneously improves the efficiency of lignocellulose decomposition and produces different value-added products, demonstrating the potential for industrial-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zheng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province 324000, China
| | - Xiheng Kang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zi You
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yihan Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yongheng Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tieguang He
- Agricultural Resources and Environmental Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Tianming Su
- Agricultural Resources and Environmental Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangxi Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Arthur J Ragauskas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA; Joint Institute for Biological Sciences, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Center for Renewable Carbon, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Zhenglong Li
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province 324000, China; State Key Laboratory of Biobased Transportation Fuel Technology, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 99 Zheda Road, Quzhou, Zhejiang Province 324000, China; Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Xueping Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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Xu J, Wu X, Li Y, Zhao S, Lan F, Xi A, Huang Y, Ding Y, Zhang R. High-Performance Radiative Cooling Sunscreen. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:15178-15185. [PMID: 39546330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c04969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2024]
Abstract
Radiative cooling is a zero-energy-consumption cooling technology that shows great potential for outdoor human thermal management. To keep human skin comfortable in hot days, we herein develop a radiative cooling (RC) sunscreen that exhibits a low ultraviolet (UV) transmissivity (4.86%), a high solar reflectivity (90.19%), and a high mid-infrared emissivity (92.09%) to effectively provide both UV protection and skin cooling. As a result, the RC sunscreen exhibits a high cooling performance for decreasing the human skin temperature by 2.3-6.1 °C more than commercial sunscreens and 4.2-6.0 °C more than bare skin in a variety of outdoor scenarios in summer (e.g., low-humidity sunny days, high-humidity sunny days, and high-humidity cloudy days). In addition, the RC sunscreen also shows a good UV stability (12 h, 125 W), a high water resistance (106°), a long working life (30 days), and a good biocompatibility, thereby exhibiting promising commercial potentials in the sunscreen market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xueke Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yunrui Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siming Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fan Lan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Aike Xi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ya Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yilin Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rufan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Wei S, Huang M, Liao W, Li Z, Li Z, Sun Y. Structural changes and grading mechanism of lignin during solid alkali-active oxygen extraction and grading. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 279:134521. [PMID: 39111510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Cooking with active oxygen and solid alkali (CAOSA) is an efficient pretreatment method for biomass. For better grading of the lignin yellow liquor, the different lignin fractions and the recovered solid alkali were obtained using a simultaneous acid-alkali graded separation method. The results indicated that the recovery rate of solid alkali was 67.25 %, and the grading of lignin components was characterized by smaller dispersion coefficients, and more stable properties and structure. Lignin fractions with low dispersion coefficients possess more key structures, including the Phenol hydroxyl group (ArOH), Methoxy (OMe), and β-aryl ether (β-O-4), and have better thermal properties. The low molecular weight L4 has the highest ArOH content (2.1 mmol/g), which provides better antioxidant properties. The CAOSA process destroyed the S-unit and prevented lignin from condensation. Furthermore, the CAOSA process protected carbohydrates, which could effectively prevent them from dehydrating and re-polymerizing into pseudo-lignin. This allowed the pulp to remain natural, which was beneficial for subsequent transformation and utilization. Overall, the efficient separation of biomass components and lignin grading method proposed by combining the CAOSA process with the acid-alkali grading separation method has a strong application prospect and provides a theoretical basis for the high-value utilization of biomass and lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Mengyuan Huang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-valued Utilization for Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wenbo Liao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-valued Utilization for Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zichen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhili Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxuedong Road, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yong Sun
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Clean and High-valued Utilization for Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China; Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-valued Technologies for Biomass, College of Energy, Xiamen University, China, 361102, China.
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9
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Wu X, Qi Z, Yang K, Yang G, Cai H, Han X. Lignin reinforced tough, adhesive, and recoverable protein organohydrogels for wearable strain sensing under sub-zero temperatures. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130305. [PMID: 38382788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Protein-based hydrogels with promising biocompatibility and biodegradability have attracted considerable interest in areas of epidermal sensing, whereas, which are still difficult to synchronously possess high mechanical strength, self-adhesion, and recoverability. Hence, the bio-polymer lignosulfonate-reinforced gluten organohydrogels (GOHLx) are fabricated through green and simple food-making processes and the following solvent exchange with glycerol/water binary solution. Ascribing to the uniform distribution of lignosulfonate in gluten networks, as well as the noncovalent interactions (e.g., H-bond) between them, the resultant GOHLx exhibit favorable conductivity (∼14.3 × 10-4 S m-1), toughness (∼711.0 kJ m-3), self-adhesion (a maximal lap-shear strength of ∼33.5 kPa), high sensitivity (GF up to ∼3.04), and durability (∼3000 cycles) toward shape deformation, which are suitable for the detection of both drastic (e.g., elbow and wrist bending) and subtle (e.g., swallowing and speaking) human movements even under -20 °C. Furthermore, the GOHLx is also biocompatible, degradable, and recoverable (by a simple kneading process). Thus, this work may pave a simple, green, and cheap way to prepare all-biomass-based, tough, sticky, and recoverable protein-based organohydrogels for epidermal strain sensing even in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wu
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Qi
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Keyan Yang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Guorui Yang
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China
| | - Hongzhen Cai
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, 255000, China.
| | - Xiangsheng Han
- School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255000, China; Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Clean Energy, Zibo, 255000, China.
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10
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Zhou M, Feng Y, Li H, Tian X. Sustainable structural polysaccharides conversion: How does DES pretreatment affect cellulase adsorption, thereby improving enzymatic digestion of lignocellulose? Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121593. [PMID: 38142091 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Biomass conversion aims at degrading the structural polysaccharides of lignocellulose into reducing sugars. Pretreatment is necessary to overcome the recalcitrance of lignocellulose. The DES La/ChCl in this paper was selected based on our previous study. To examine cellulase adsorption of lignocellulose after DES pretreatment, sorghum straw was pretreated with DES under different condition. The adsorption improvement of cellulase on lignocellulose after DES pretreatment has positive impact on reducing sugar production of biomass. After DES pretreatment, 1. pore corrosion caused the upward trend of pore radius and the downward trend of SSA. 2. the hydrogen bounding force of pretreated sorghum straw and MCC decreased, the hydrogen bounding force of pretreated lignin increased. 3. although the unsaturation of pretreated lignin increased, DES pretreatment is helpful for the removal of lignin. 4. The decrease in the hydrophobicity of sorghum straw make it easier to disperse. 5. the Zeta potential of pretreated sorghum straw shifted towards the positively charged region, while pretreated lignin shifted towards the negatively charged region. 6. different adsorption behaviors were observed in specific components of cellulase mixtures (BGs, CBHs, EGs and xlylanase). These results revealing the mechanism of enzyme adsorption are conductive for understanding the role of pretreatment in biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Wu Y, Gao J, Li JH, Chen BK. Construction of photo-responsive lignin as a broad-spectrum sunscreen agent. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127289. [PMID: 37806425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Lignin has potential to serve as promising sunscreen agents as it has good ultraviolet (UV) absorption and antioxidant properties. However, the weak absorption capacity of lignin in the long-wave UV region (UVA, 320-400 nm) limits its further development. In this work, a spiropyran-modified lignin (DLSP) with photo-responsive property was prepared by in-situ construction of spiropyran (SP) structure in the demethylated lignin (DL). Due to the presence of SP moiety, the absorption of DLSP in the UVA region was significantly improved. Under UV irradiation, its absorption peak was redshifted as unconjugated SP form isomerized to conjugated merocyanine (MC) form, and the UVA/UVB ratio increased from 0.62 to 0.74. The free-radical scavenging ability of lignin could protect SP from photodegradation, which provided DLSP excellent fatigue resistance. DLSP were blended into creams to investigate its sunscreen performance. Results indicated that DLSP exhibited radiation-enhanced sunscreen performance, the sun protection factor (SPF) of cream containing 10 wt% of DLSP improved from 20 to 67 after 8 h of UV irradiation. Moreover, DLSP showed low skin penetration and good biocompatibility. These results provide a useful guideline for the rational design of sunscreens with special functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, 319 University Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong 030619, China.
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, 319 University Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Jian-Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Taiyuan Normal University, 319 University Street, Yuci District, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Bo-Kun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 27 Taoyuan South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan 030001, China
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Xu Y, Ma CY, Sun SC, Zhang C, Wen JL, Yuan TQ. Fractionation and evaluation of light-colored lignin extracted from bamboo shoot shells using hydrated deep eutectic solvents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129679. [PMID: 37579860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
In this study, light-colored lignin was extracted from bamboo shoot shells (BSS) using a hydrated deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment. The hydrated DES used in pretreatment consist of formic acid, benzyl triethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) and water. The pretreatment using a hydrated DES containing 30% water (H30) demonstrate efficient delignification (82.9%). Additionally, the hydrated DES protected the β-O-4 linkage from excessive cleavage and recondensation as well as keep the light-colored of lignin. Moreover, the hydrated DES extracted lignin exhibits superior antioxidant performance and tyrosinase inhibitory capacity compared to the control. Notably, incorporating 5% lignin of H30-extracted lignin into a commercial suncream led to a remarkable enhancement of the SPF value, elevating from 14.8 to 32.6. In summary, the proposed hydrated DES pretreatment method offers significant benefits for extracting light-colored lignin, thereby promoting the multifunctional application of lignin in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Cheng-Ye Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Shao-Chao Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Jia-Long Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Tong-Qi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
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Lu X, Gu X. A review on lignin-based epoxy resins: Lignin effects on their synthesis and properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 229:778-790. [PMID: 36603715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lignin can be used as a sustainable alternative to bisphenol A (BPA) to prepared lignin-based epoxy resins. Lignin effects including molecular weight, phenolic content, G/S unit ratio and flexible/rigid linkage ratio on epoxy synthesis and performance were summarized comprehensively. The incorporation of lignin with a higher molecular weight would lead to the higher rigidity of epoxy crosslinking network. Higher contents of ether bonds in lignin would provide higher structural flexibility of lignin incorporated epoxy thermosets. Lignin with higher contents of phenolic hydroxyls was more beneficial for improving the reactivity of its epoxy products after glycidylation. Due to the excellent charring capacity of lignin, higher contents of residue char can be produced at higher additions of lignin at high temperatures, while the loss of crosslinking density caused by the increasing lignin addition (especially for the macromolecular lignin) would deteriorate the thermal stability of their thermosets. Several applications of lignin-based epoxy resins were also mentioned based on their mechanical, thermal and chemical properties, such as coatings (with anticorrosion and UV-blocking), adhesives (with highly crosslinking network, excellent mechanical, and thermal properties) and flame retardants (with high charring capability).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Lu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization of Agro-forest Biomass, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Zhou M, Fakayode OA, Ren M, Li H, Liang J, Zhou C. Green and sustainable extraction of lignin by deep eutectic solvent, its antioxidant activity, and applications in the food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:7201-7219. [PMID: 36815260 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2181762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Lignin, an amorphous biomacromolecule abundantly distributed in the plant kingdom, has gained considerable attention due to its intrinsic bioactivities and renewable nature. Owing to its polyphenolic structure, lignin has a variety of human health activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antitumor, and other activities. The extraction of lignin from various sources in a green and sustainable manner is critical in the food industry. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has recently been recognized as a class of safe and environmentally friendly media capable of efficiently extracting lignin. This article comprehensively reviews the recent advances in lignin extraction using DES, discusses the influential factors on the antioxidant activity of lignin, interprets the relationship between antioxidant activity and lignin structure, and overviews the applications of lignin in the food industry. We aim to highlight the advantages of DES in lignin extraction and valorization from the nutrition and food views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Olugbenga Abiola Fakayode
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Manni Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Haoxin Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Jiakang Liang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
| | - Cunshan Zhou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, PR China
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