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Barkeer S, Pothuraju R, Malakar P, Pimentel TC, Siddiqui JA, Nair SA. Gum acacia dietary fiber: Significance in immunomodulation, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. Phytother Res 2024; 38:1509-1521. [PMID: 38272848 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Gum arabic/acacia (GA), derived from Acacia trees, is a versatile natural product offering a broad spectrum of applications. Its rich content of soluble dietary fibers, coupled with a low caloric profile, renders GA a valuable dietary component associated with numerous health benefits. Furthermore, its fermentation by gut microbiota yields short-chain fatty acids, renowned for their positive impact on health. Immunomodulation, a crucially regulated mechanism in the body, serves to fend off pathogenic infections by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, prolonged synthesis of these cytokines can lead to chronic inflammation, tissue damage, and potentially contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases and cancer. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify plant-based biomolecules that can effectively reduce inflammation and inhibit inflammation-induced complications or disorders. In this context, edible biomolecules like GA are gaining prominence for their noteworthy immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, in the present review we have explored the role of GA in immunomodulation, inflammation, and inflammation-associated metabolic diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Barkeer
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Gangavathi, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, India
| | - Ramesh Pothuraju
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Pushkar Malakar
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, School of Biological Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Educational and Research Institute, Narendrapur, India
| | | | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - S Asha Nair
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
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Murugan SS, Hur W, Son SE, Lee HB, Ha CH, Lee SJ, Cheon SH, Kim DH, Jeon SM, Choi DY, Venkatesan J, Seong GH. The therapeutic efficacy of silver loaded rhenium disulfide nanoparticles as a photothermal agent for cancer eradication. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 250:112831. [PMID: 38134574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a life-threatening disease when it is diagnosed at a late stage or treatment procedures fail. Inhibiting cancer cells in the tumor environment is a significant challenge for anticancer therapy. The photothermal effects of nanomaterials are being studied as a new cancer treatment. In this work, rhenium disulfide (ReS2) nanosheets were made by liquid exfoliation with gum arabic (GA) and coated with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to produce reactive oxygen species that destroy cancer cells. The synthesized AgNP-GA-ReS2 NPs were characterized using UV, DLS, SEM, TEM, and photothermal studies. According to the DLS findings, the NPs were about 216 nm in size and had a zeta potential of 76 mV. The TEM and SEM analyses revealed that the GA-ReS2 formed single-layered nanosheets on which the AgNPs were distributed. The photothermal effects of the AgNP-GA-ReS2 NPs at 50 μg/mL were tested with an 808 nm laser at 1.2 W cm-2, and they reached 55.8 °C after 5 min of laser irradiation. MBA-MB-231 cells were used to test the cytotoxicity of the newly designed AgNP-GA-ReS2 NPs with and without laser irradiation for 5 min. At 50 μg/mL, the AgNP-GA-ReS2 showed cytotoxicity, which was confirmed with calcein and EtBr staining. The DCFH-DA and flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that AgNP-GA-ReS2 nanosheets under NIR irradiation generated ROS with high anticancer activity, in addition to the photothermal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sesha Subramanian Murugan
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea; Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya Deemed to be University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India
| | - Won Hur
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Seong Eun Son
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Han Been Lee
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Chang Hyeon Ha
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Su Jeong Lee
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Se Hwa Cheon
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Kim
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Sung Min Jeon
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Da Young Choi
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea
| | - Jayachandran Venkatesan
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea; Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya Deemed to be University, Deralakatte, Mangaluru 575018, India.
| | - Gi Hun Seong
- Department of Bionano Engineering, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan 426-791, South Korea.
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