Effects of proanthocyanidins and dialdehyde chitosan on the proliferation and differentiation of bovine myoblast for cultured meat production

A rich-nutritious cultured meat via bovine myocytes and adipocytes co-culture: Novel Prospect for cultured meat production techniques

Cultured meat, an emerging meat production technology, has reduced environmental burden as well as provide healthier and more sustainable method of meat culture. Fat in cultured meat is essential for enhancing texture, taste, and tenderness. However, current cultured meat production method is limited to single-cell type. To meet the consumer demands for cultured meat products, it is crucial to develop new methods for producing cultured meat products that contain both muscle and fat. In this study, cell viability and differentiation were promoted by controlling the ratio and cultivation conditions of myocytes and adipocytes. The total digestibility of cultured meat exceeded 37%, higher than that of beef (34.7%). Additionally, the texture, appearance, and taste of the co-cultured meat were improved. Collectively, this research has great promise for preparing rich-nutritious and digestion cultured meat.

FOXO1 regulates bovine skeletal muscle cells differentiation by targeting MYH3

The growth and development of bovine skeletal muscle and beef yield is closely intertwined. Our previous research found that forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) plays an important role in the regulation of beef muscle formation, but its specific mechanism is still unknown. In this study, we aimed to clarify the regulatory mechanism of FOXO1 in proliferation and differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle cells (BSMCs). The results showed that interfering with FOXO1 can promote proliferation and the cell G1/S phase of BSMCs by up-regulating the expression of PCNA, CDK1, CDK2, CCNA2, CCNB1, CCND1 and CCNE2. Besides, interfering with FOXO1 inhibited the apoptosis of BSMCs by up-regulating the expression of anti-apoptosis gene BCL2, while simultaneously down-regulating the expression of the pro-apoptosis genes BAD and BAX. Inversely, interfering with FOXO1 can promote the differentiation of BSMCs by up-regulating the expression of myogenic differentiation marker genes MYOD, MYOG, MYF5, MYF6 and MYHC. Furthermore, RNA-seq combined with western bolt, immunofluorescence and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that FOXO1 could regulate BSMCs differentiation process by influencing PI3K-Akt, Relaxin and TGF-beta signaling pathways, and target MYH3 for transcriptional inhibition. In conclusion, this study provides a basis for studying the role and molecular mechanism of FOXO1 in BSMCs.

3D edible scaffolds with yeast protein: A novel alternative protein scaffold for the production of high-quality cell-cultured meat

The purpose of this study was to develop a novel edible scaffold by utilizing yeast proteins, which could partially replace collagen and produce hypoallergenic, odorless, and highly nutritious cell-cultured meat that meets the demands of a more significant number of consumers. The scaffold comprised proanthocyanidins, dialdehyde chitosan, collagen, and different proportions of yeast proteins (YP). The results indicated that the scaffold possessed excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, and supported cell proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Additionally, we evaluated the texture characteristics of the cultured meat models and traditional beef and discovered that the YP30 cultured meat model had similar springiness and chewiness as beef. Subsequently, further analyzed the similarity between the cultured meat models and traditional beef in appearance, taste, and nutrition. Further results illustrated that the yeast protein cultured meat model exhibited a complete model structure and comparable color and taste to beef after frying. Moreover, it was concluded that the protein content of the YP30 cultured meat model was closer to that of beef. These findings suggested that the edible scaffold using yeast proteins has enormous potential to facilitate the sustainable development of the cell-cultured meat industry.