Comparison of basal coronary artery tone and coronary vasospastic response to acetylcholine between morning and afternoon testing

Ultra-long acting calcium channel blockers may decrease accuracy of the acetylcholine provocation test

BACKGROUND

When drug-induced coronary spasm provocation tests are performed, a washout period of >48h for calcium channel blockers (CCBs) is uniformly recommended. However, each CCB has a distinct half-life, and little is known about the influence of prior oral administration of CCBs on acetylcholine provocation test to evaluate coronary vasomotor reaction.

METHODS AND RESULTS

We examined 245 consecutive patients with suspected vasospastic angina who had undergone acetylcholine provocation test. Of those patients, 29 patients had been on amlodipine, an ultra-long term acting CCB (group A), 34 on other CCBs (group O), and 182 patients on no CCB (group N). After CCBs had been withheld > 48h, we performed acetylcholine provocation, which resulted in 152 positive, 36 intermediate, and 57 negative reactions. We evaluated coronary artery tone calculated as follows: (luminal diameter after nitrate-baseline luminal diameter)÷(luminal diameter after nitrate)×100 (%). In group A patients, coronary artery tone was lower (A:9.1±6.9% vs. O:11.7±8.3% vs. N:12.1±8.5%, p=0.0011) and the positive rate of acetylcholine provocation test was lower than group O and group N (A:41% vs. O:68% vs. N:64%, p=0.047). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that taking amlodipine until 2days before acetylcholine provocation test was a significant inverse predictor for acetylcholine-provoked coronary spasm (odds ratio 0.327; 95% confidence interval 0.125-0.858, p=0.023).

CONCLUSIONS

Residual vasodilatory effects of ultra-long acting CCB may decrease coronary artery tone and the vasoconstrictive reaction to acetylcholine suggesting that a 2-day pre-test drug holiday may not be long enough.