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Cai S, Chang J, Su M, Wei Y, Sun H, Chen C, Yiu KH. miR-455-5p promotes pathological cardiac remodeling via suppression of PRMT1-mediated Notch signaling pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:359. [PMID: 37951845 PMCID: PMC10640488 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac remodeling plays an essential role in the progression of cardiovascular diseases, and numerous microRNAs have been reported to participate in pathological cardiac remodeling. However, the potential role of microRNA-455-5p (miR-455-5p) in this process remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we focused on clarifying the function and searching the direct target of miR-455-5p, as well as exploring its underlying mechanisms in pathological cardiac remodeling. We found that overexpression of miR-455-5p by transfection of miR-455-5p mimic in vitro or tail vain injection of miR-455-5p agomir in vivo provoked cardiac remodeling, whereas genetic knockdown of miR-455-5p attenuated the isoprenaline-induced cardiac remodeling. Besides, miR-455-5p directly targeted to 3'-untranslated region of protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) and subsequently downregulated PRMT1 level. Furthermore, we found that PRMT1 protected against cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in vitro. Mechanistically, miR-455-5p induced cardiac remodeling by downregulating PRMT1-induced asymmetric di-methylation on R1748, R1750, R1751 and R1752 of Notch1, resulting in suppression of recruitment of Presenilin, Notch1 cleavage, NICD releasing and Notch signaling pathway. Finally, circulating miR-455-5p was positively correlated with parameters of left ventricular wall thickening. Taken together, miR-455-5p plays a provocative role in cardiac remodeling via inactivation of the PRMT1-mediated Notch signaling pathway, suggesting miR-455-5p/PRMT1/Notch1 signaling axis as potential therapeutic targets for pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidong Cai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junlei Chang
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengqi Su
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yinxia Wei
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cong Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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2
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Barry A, Samuel SF, Hosni I, Moursi A, Feugere L, Sennett CJ, Deepak S, Achawal S, Rajaraman C, Iles A, Wollenberg Valero KC, Scott IS, Green V, Stead LF, Greenman J, Wade MA, Beltran-Alvarez P. Investigating the effects of arginine methylation inhibitors on microdissected brain tumour biopsies maintained in a miniaturised perfusion system. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2664-2682. [PMID: 37191188 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00204g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a post-translational modification that consists of the transfer of one or two methyl (CH3) groups to arginine residues in proteins. Several types of arginine methylation occur, namely monomethylation, symmetric dimethylation and asymmetric dimethylation, which are catalysed by different protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). Inhibitors of PRMTs have recently entered clinical trials to target several types of cancer, including gliomas (NCT04089449). People with glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive form of brain tumour, are among those with the poorest quality of life and likelihood of survival of anyone diagnosed with cancer. There is currently a lack of (pre)clinical research on the possible application of PRMT inhibitors to target brain tumours. Here, we set out to investigate the effects of clinically-relevant PRMT inhibitors on GBM biopsies. We present a new, low-cost, easy to fabricate perfusion device that can maintain GBM tissue in a viable condition for at least eight days post-surgical resection. The miniaturised perfusion device enables the treatment of GBM tissue with PRMT inhibitors ex vivo, and we observed a two-fold increase in apoptosis in treated samples compared to parallel control experiments. Mechanistically, we show thousands of differentially expressed genes after treatment, and changes in the type of arginine methylation of the RNA binding protein FUS that are consistent with hundreds of differential gene splicing events. This is the first time that cross-talk between different types of arginine methylation has been observed in clinical samples after treatment with PRMT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Barry
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
| | - Sabrina F Samuel
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
| | - Ines Hosni
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
| | - Amr Moursi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | - Lauric Feugere
- Department of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | | | - Srihari Deepak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | - Shailendra Achawal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | - Chittoor Rajaraman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hull University Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK
| | | | | | - Ian S Scott
- Neuroscience Laboratories, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Vicky Green
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
| | - Lucy F Stead
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - John Greenman
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
| | - Mark A Wade
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
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3
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Malbeteau L, Pham HT, Eve L, Stallcup MR, Poulard C, Le Romancer M. How Protein Methylation Regulates Steroid Receptor Function. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:160-197. [PMID: 33955470 PMCID: PMC8755998 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Steroid receptors (SRs) are members of the nuclear hormonal receptor family, many of which are transcription factors regulated by ligand binding. SRs regulate various human physiological functions essential for maintenance of vital biological pathways, including development, reproduction, and metabolic homeostasis. In addition, aberrant expression of SRs or dysregulation of their signaling has been observed in a wide variety of pathologies. SR activity is tightly and finely controlled by post-translational modifications (PTMs) targeting the receptors and/or their coregulators. Whereas major attention has been focused on phosphorylation, growing evidence shows that methylation is also an important regulator of SRs. Interestingly, the protein methyltransferases depositing methyl marks are involved in many functions, from development to adult life. They have also been associated with pathologies such as inflammation, as well as cardiovascular and neuronal disorders, and cancer. This article provides an overview of SR methylation/demethylation events, along with their functional effects and biological consequences. An in-depth understanding of the landscape of these methylation events could provide new information on SR regulation in physiology, as well as promising perspectives for the development of new therapeutic strategies, illustrated by the specific inhibitors of protein methyltransferases that are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Malbeteau
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Ha Thuy Pham
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Louisane Eve
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Michael R Stallcup
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Coralie Poulard
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Université de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, F-69000 Lyon, France
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4
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Liu J, Ning L. Protective role of emodin in rats with post-myocardial infarction heart failure and influence on extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10246-10253. [PMID: 34839778 PMCID: PMC8809930 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1983977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the effects of emodin on the energy metabolism of myocardial cells in rats with post-myocardial infarction (MI) heart failure (HF) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. The model of MI was established by ligation of the left anterior descending branch. After 4 weeks, the rats with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤45% were used aspost-MI HF model animals and randomly divided into model, low-dose, middle-dose, high-dose and control groups (n=10). Low-, middle- and high-dose groups were gavaged with 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg and 60 mg/kg emodin daily, respectively. After administration for 14 d, the changes in LVEF, left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and interventricular septum thickness (IVS) were analyzed. The apoptosis rate of myocardial cells was detected by TUNEL staining. The levels of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) were determined using ELISA, and the expressions of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I protein and phosphorylated-ERK (p-ERK) in myocardial tissues were determined by Western blotting. Compared with model group, LVEDD, LVESD, apoptosis rate of myocardial cells, levels of serum cTnI and PGC-1, and expressions of complex I and p-ERK in myocardial tissues significantly decreased, while LVEF and IVS increased in low-dose, middle-dose, high-dose and control groups (P<0.05). The changes in the above indices were significantly dependent on the dose of emodin (P<0.05).Emodin can significantly relieve post-MI HF, reduce the apoptosis rate of myocardial tissues, and ameliorate the cardiac function of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Avic 363 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Liang Ning
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Avic 363 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Structure, Activity, and Function of PRMT1. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111147. [PMID: 34833023 PMCID: PMC8619983 DOI: 10.3390/life11111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PRMT1, the major protein arginine methyltransferase in mammals, catalyzes monomethylation and asymmetric dimethylation of arginine side chains in proteins. Initially described as a regulator of chromatin dynamics through the methylation of histone H4 at arginine 3 (H4R3), numerous non-histone substrates have since been identified. The variety of these substrates underlines the essential role played by PRMT1 in a large number of biological processes such as transcriptional regulation, signal transduction or DNA repair. This review will provide an overview of the structural, biochemical and cellular features of PRMT1. After a description of the genomic organization and protein structure of PRMT1, special consideration was given to the regulation of PRMT1 enzymatic activity. Finally, we discuss the involvement of PRMT1 in embryonic development, DNA damage repair, as well as its participation in the initiation and progression of several types of cancers.
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Samuel SF, Barry A, Greenman J, Beltran-Alvarez P. Arginine methylation: the promise of a 'silver bullet' for brain tumours? Amino Acids 2021; 53:489-506. [PMID: 33404912 PMCID: PMC8107164 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02937-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite intense research efforts, our pharmaceutical repertoire against high-grade brain tumours has not been able to increase patient survival for a decade and life expectancy remains at less than 16 months after diagnosis, on average. Inhibitors of protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) have been developed and investigated over the past 15 years and have now entered oncology clinical trials, including for brain tumours. This review collates recent advances in the understanding of the role of PRMTs and arginine methylation in brain tumours. We provide an up-to-date literature review on the mechanisms for PRMT regulation. These include endogenous modulators such as alternative splicing, miRNA, post-translational modifications and PRMT-protein interactions, and synthetic inhibitors. We discuss the relevance of PRMTs in brain tumours with a particular focus on PRMT1, -2, -5 and -8. Finally, we include a future perspective where we discuss possible routes for further research on arginine methylation and on the use of PRMT inhibitors in the context of brain tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antonia Barry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - John Greenman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Cai S, Liu R, Wang P, Li J, Xie T, Wang M, Cao Y, Li Z, Liu P. PRMT5 Prevents Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy via Symmetric Dimethylating HoxA9 and Repressing HoxA9 Expression. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:600627. [PMID: 33424610 PMCID: PMC7793800 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.600627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study reveals a link between protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) and Homebox A9 (HoxA9) in the regulation of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoprenaline (ISO), PRMT5 expression was decreased while HoxA9 was upregulated. Silencing of PRMT5 or inhibition of PRMT5 by its pharmacological inhibitor EPZ augmented the expressions of cardiomyocyte hypertrophic genes brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and β-Myosin Heavy Chain (β-MHC), whereas overexpression of PRMT5 inhibited ISO-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, suggesting that PRMT5 ameliorates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. On the contrary, HoxA9 promoted cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, as implied by the gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. HoxA9 was involved in the regulation of PRMT5 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, since HoxA9 knockdown prevented si-RPMT5-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and HoxA9 expression impaired the anti-hypertrophic effect of PRMT5. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that there were physical interactions between PRMT5 and HoxA9. The symmetric dimethylation level of HoxA9 was decreased by ISO or EPZ treatment, suggesting that HoxA9 is methylated by PRMT5. Additionally, PRMT5 repressed the expression of HoxA9. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay demonstrated that HoxA9 could bind to the promoter of BNP, and that this binding affinity was further enhanced by ISO or EPZ. In conclusion, this study suggests that PRMT5 symmetric dimethylates HoxA9 and represses HoxA9 expression, thus impairing its binding to BNP promoter and ultimately protecting against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These findings provide a novel insight of the mechanism underlying the cardiac protective effect of PRMT5, and suggest potential therapeutic strategies of PRMT5 activation or HoxA9 inhibition in treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidong Cai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratoty of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Obstetrical Department, Guangzhou Clifford Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panxia Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratoty of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- School of Nursing, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minghui Wang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratoty of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Cao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratoty of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratoty of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Guangdong Engineering Laboratoty of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Higher Education Mega Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Rong J, Xu J, Liu Q, Xu J, Mou T, Zhang X, Chi H, Zhou H. Anti-inflammatory effect of up-regulated microRNA-221-3p on coronary heart disease via suppressing NLRP3/ASC/pro-caspase-1 inflammasome pathway activation. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1478-1491. [PMID: 32372677 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1754562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As some evidence has demonstrated the role of microRNA-221 (miR-221) on coronary heart disease (CHD), the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of miR-221-3p on CHD via regulating NLRP3/ASC/pro-caspase-1 inflammasome pathway. METHODS Sixty CHD patients and 60 healthy controls were collected to detect the expression of miR-221-3p, NLRP3, ASC, pro-caspase-1 in peripheral blood and the contents of related factors in serum. The rats model of CHD was injected with miR-221-3p agomir or miR-221-3p antagomir to explore its functions in miR-221-3p, NLRP3, ASC and pro-caspase-1 expression, electrocardiogram data, cardiomyocytes apoptosis, myocardial injury, inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress of CHD rats. RESULTS MiR-221-3p declined and NLRP3, ASC and pro-caspase-1 raised in CHD. Up-regulated miR-221-3p reduced the change value of J-point and T-wave, decreased NLRP3, ASC and pro-caspase-1 expression, suppressed apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, as well as suppressed myocardial injury, inflammatory reaction and oxidative stress in CHD rats. CONCLUSION This study highlights that up-regulated miR-221-3p suppresses the overactivation of NLRP3/ASC/pro-caspase-1 inflammasome pathway and has an anti-inflammatory effect in CHD. Thus, miR-221-3p may serve as a potential target for the treatment of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Rong
- Department of Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Jijie Xu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Cardiovascular Medicine Institute, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Mou
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Xuhua Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine , Shanghai, China
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Protein Arginine Methyltransferases in Cardiovascular and Neuronal Function. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:1716-1732. [PMID: 31823198 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01850-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The methylation of arginine residues by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) is a type of post-translational modification which is important for numerous cellular processes, including mRNA splicing, DNA repair, signal transduction, protein interaction, and transport. PRMTs have been extensively associated with various pathologies, including cancer, inflammation, and immunity response. However, the role of PRMTs has not been well described in vascular and neurological function. Aberrant expression of PRMTs can alter its metabolic products, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA). Increased ADMA levels are recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and mortality. Recent studies have provided considerable advances in the development of small-molecule inhibitors of PRMTs to study their function under normal and pathological states. In this review, we aim to elucidate the particular roles of PRMTs in vascular and neuronal function as a potential target for cardiovascular and neurological diseases.
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