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Champidou C, Ellouze M, Campagnoli M, Robin O, Haddad N, Membré JM. Unveiling the matrix effect on Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis spores heat inactivation between plant-based milk alternatives, bovine milk and culture medium. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 422:110807. [PMID: 38970999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the inactivation of spores of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis in four pea-based milk alternatives, semi-skimmed bovine milk and Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth to assess the matrix impact on the thermal inactivation of bacterial spores. Heat inactivation was performed with the method of capillary tubes in temperature range 97-110 °C. A four-parameter non-linear model, including initial level, shoulder duration, inactivation rate and tailing, was fitted to the data obtained. D-values were estimated and secondary ZT-value models were developed for both species. A secondary model for the shoulder length of B. licheniformis in a plant-based milk alternative formulation was built too. Models were validated at a higher temperature, 113.5 °C. D-values in the different matrices ranged between 2.3 and 8.2 min at 97 °C and 0.1-0.3 min at 110 °C for B. licheniformis. D-values for B. subtilis ranged between 3.9 and 6.3 min at 97 °C and 0.2-0.3 min at 110 °C. ZT-values in the different matrices ranged between 7.3 and 8.9 °C and 8.9-10.0 °C for B. licheniformis and B. subtilis, respectively. Significant differences in inactivation parameters were found within the pea-based formulations as well as when compared to bovine milk. Heat resistance was higher in pea-based matrices. Shoulders observed were temperature- and matrix-dependent, while no such trend was found for the tailings. These results provide insights, useful on designing safe thermal processing, limiting spoilage in plant-based milk alternatives and thus, reducing global food waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Champidou
- Food Safety Research Department, Nestlé Research, PO BOX44, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland; Oniris, INRAE, SECALIM, Nantes, France
| | - Mariem Ellouze
- Digital Food Safety Department, Nestlé Research, PO BOX44, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Campagnoli
- Nutrition Quality, Nestlé Product Technology Center, CH-3150 Konolfingen, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Robin
- Nutrition Quality, Nestlé Product Technology Center, CH-3150 Konolfingen, Switzerland
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Jonsmoen UL, Malyshev D, Sleutel M, Kristensen EE, Zegeye ED, Remaut H, Andersson M, Aspholm ME. The role of endospore appendages in spore-spore interactions in the pathogenic Bacillus cereus group. Environ Microbiol 2024; 26:e16678. [PMID: 39228067 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Species within the Bacillus cereus sensu lato group, known for their spore-forming ability, are recognized for their significant role in food spoilage and food poisoning. The spores of B. cereus are adorned with numerous pilus-like appendages, referred to as S-ENAs and L-ENAs. These appendages are thought to play vital roles in self-aggregation, adhesion, and biofilm formation. Our study investigates the role of S-ENAs and L-ENAs, as well as the impact of various environmental factors on spore-to-spore contacts and the interaction between spores and vegetative cells, using both bulk and single-cell approaches. Our findings indicate that ENAs, especially their tip fibrillae, play a crucial role in spore self-aggregation, but not in the adhesion of spores to vegetative cells. The absence of L-BclA, which forms the L-ENA tip fibrillum, reduced spore aggregation mediated by both S-ENAs and L-ENAs, highlighting the interconnected roles of S-ENAs and L-ENAs. We also found that increased salt concentrations in the liquid environment significantly reduced spore aggregation, suggesting a charge dependency of spore-spore interactions. By shedding light on these complex interactions, our study offers valuable insights into spore dynamics. This knowledge can inform future studies on spore behaviour in environmental settings and assist in developing strategies to manage bacterial aggregation for beneficial purposes, such as controlling biofilms in food production equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unni Lise Jonsmoen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | | | - Mike Sleutel
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, Brussels, VIB, Belgium
| | - Elise Egeli Kristensen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Ephrem Debebe Zegeye
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, Brussels, VIB, Belgium
| | - Magnus Andersson
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marina Elisabeth Aspholm
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
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3
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Sun Y, Shao L, Liu Y, Zou B, Wang H, Li X, Dai R. Inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores by ohmic heating: Efficiency and changes of spore biological properties. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 421:110784. [PMID: 38897047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus spores pose a significant concern during food processing due to their high resistance to environmental stress. Ohmic heating (OH) is an emerging and alternative heating technology with potential for inactivating such spores. This study evaluated the inactivation effects and the biological property changes of Bacillus cereus spores during OH treatments. OH effectively inactivated spores in milk, orange juice, broth, rice soup, and buffer solution in less time than oil bath heating (OB). A decrease in NaCl content improved spore inactivation at the same temperature. Spores were more sensitive to acid at 80-85 °C with OH treatment. Furthermore, OH at 10 V/cm and 50 Hz could reduce the spore resistance and inhibit an increase in spore hydrophobicity and spore aggregation. Both heating methods resulted in significant dipicolinic acid (DPA) leakage and damage to the cortex and inner membranes of the spores. However, OH at 10 V/cm and 50 Hz had the lowest DPA leakage and inflicted the least damage to the inner membrane. The damage to the spore's inner membrane was considered the primary reason for inactivation by OB and OH treatments. Still, OH at 10 V/cm and 50 Hz might also block the germination or outgrowth of treated spores or cause damage to the spore core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Lele Shao
- College of Tea & Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, No. 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei 230036, PR China
| | - Yana Liu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Bo Zou
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Han Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Xingmin Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Ruitong Dai
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, No.17 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Huerta-González L, López-Valdez F, Luna-Suárez S. The potential use of acylglycerols on the thermal inactivation of lactic acid bacteria for the manufacture of long-life fermented products. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:283. [PMID: 36435751 PMCID: PMC9701366 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of acylglycerols on the thermal inactivation of lactic acid bacteria used in the production of fermented products was studied. The starting point was the observation of an increase in thermal sensitivity in the presence of an emulsifier based on mono- and diacylglycerols in the culture medium. Analysis of the emulsifier showed that monoacylglycerols were the compounds responsible for this effect, with monopalmitin being the main contributor. Monostearin, on the other hand, showed significantly less potentiating effect. Interestingly, monoacylglycerols showed a greater bactericidal effect when used individually than when used in combination. On the other hand, the rate of thermal inactivation observed in reconstituted skim milk emulsions was lower than in peptone water emulsions, showing that the presence of proteins and colloidal particles increased the resistance of bacteria to heat treatment. With respect to pH values, a reduction in pH from 6.6 to 5.5 promoted an increase in the rate of thermal death. However, at pH = 5.5, the enhancing bactericidal effect was only detectable when the heat treatment was performed at low temperatures but not at high temperatures. This finding is of interest, since it will allow the design of moderate heat treatments, combining the use of temperature with the addition of acylglycerols, to prolong the shelf life of products fermented with lactic acid bacteria, and minimizing the destruction of desirable compounds that were obtained by the fermentation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Huerta-González
- Food Biotechnology & Agricultural Biotechnology Labs. Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIBA-IPN). Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, 90700, México.
| | - Fernando López-Valdez
- Food Biotechnology & Agricultural Biotechnology Labs. Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIBA-IPN). Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, 90700, México
| | - Silvia Luna-Suárez
- Food Biotechnology & Agricultural Biotechnology Labs. Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIBA-IPN). Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, 90700, México
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Zegeye ED, Pradhan B, Llarena AK, Aspholm M. Enigmatic Pilus-Like Endospore Appendages of Bacillus cereus Group Species. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12367. [PMID: 34830248 PMCID: PMC8619143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endospores (spores) of many Bacillus cereus sensu lato species are decorated with multiple hair/pilus-like appendages. Although they have been observed for more than 50 years, all efforts to characterize these fibers in detail have failed until now, largely due to their extraordinary resilience to proteolytic digestion and chemical solubilization. A recent structural analysis of B. cereus endospore appendages (Enas) using cryo-electron microscopy has revealed the structure of two distinct fiber morphologies: the longer and more abundant "Staggered-type" (S-Ena) and the shorter "Ladder-like" type (L-Ena), which further enabled the identification of the genes encoding the S-Ena. Ena homologs are widely and uniquely distributed among B. cereus sensu lato species, suggesting that appendages play important functional roles in these species. The discovery of ena genes is expected to facilitate functional studies involving Ena-depleted mutant spores to explore the role of Enas in the interaction between spores and their environment. Given the importance of B. cereus spores for the food industry and in medicine, there is a need for a better understanding of their biological functions and physicochemical properties. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the Ena structure and the potential roles these remarkable fibers may play in the adhesion of spores to biotic and abiotic surfaces, aggregation, and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephrem Debebe Zegeye
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (E.D.Z.); (A.-K.L.)
| | - Brajabandhu Pradhan
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann-Katrin Llarena
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (E.D.Z.); (A.-K.L.)
| | - Marina Aspholm
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (E.D.Z.); (A.-K.L.)
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Papp S, Kimmerl K, Gatz J, Laue M, Grunow R, Kaspari O. Evaluation of Sporicidal Disinfectants for the Disinfection of Personal Protective Equipment During Biological Hazards. Health Secur 2020; 18:36-48. [PMID: 32078425 PMCID: PMC7047094 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2019.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A fast, effective, and safe disinfection of personal protective equipment (PPE) is vitally important for emergency forces involved in biological hazards. This study aimed to investigate a broad range of disinfectants to improve the established disinfection procedure. We analyzed the efficacy of chlorine-, peracetic acid–, and oxygen-based disinfectants against Bacillus spores on PPE. Therefore, spores of different Bacillus species were exposed to disinfectants on PPE material by using a standardized procedure covering the dried spores with disinfectants and applying mechanical distribution. Efficacy of disinfectants was quantified by determining the reduction factor (log10 levels) and number of viable spores left afterward. The chlorine-based granulate Hypochlorit CA G (2% chlorine) sufficiently inactivated Bacillus spores of risk groups 1 and 2, even with temperatures ranging from −20 to 35°C. Wofasteril® SC super (1.75% peracetic acid) achieved a reliable reduction of risk groups 1 and 2 and even fully virulent Bacillus spores by ≥5 log10 levels on PPE. With this, Hypochlorit-CA G and Wofasteril® SC super proved to be promising alternatives to the previously proven and widely used peracetic acid compound Wofasteril® (2% peracetic acid) for the disinfection of PPE when bacterial spores are known to be the contaminating agent. These results will help to improve the disinfection of PPE during biological hazards by providing new data on promising alternative compounds. A fast, effective, and safe disinfection of personal protective equipment (PPE) is vitally important for emergency forces involved in biological hazards. This study aimed to investigate a broad range of disinfectants to improve the established disinfection procedure. The authors analyzed the efficacy of chlorine-, peracetic acid-, and oxygen-based disinfectants against Bacillus spores on PPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Papp
- Dr. Stefanie Papp, Katharina Kimmerl, Jacob Gatz, Prof. Dr. Roland Grunow, and Dr. Oliver Kaspari are with the Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms (ZBS 2); Dr. Michael Laue is with the Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4); all are with the Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Kimmerl
- Dr. Stefanie Papp, Katharina Kimmerl, Jacob Gatz, Prof. Dr. Roland Grunow, and Dr. Oliver Kaspari are with the Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms (ZBS 2); Dr. Michael Laue is with the Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4); all are with the Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Gatz
- Dr. Stefanie Papp, Katharina Kimmerl, Jacob Gatz, Prof. Dr. Roland Grunow, and Dr. Oliver Kaspari are with the Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms (ZBS 2); Dr. Michael Laue is with the Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4); all are with the Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Laue
- Dr. Stefanie Papp, Katharina Kimmerl, Jacob Gatz, Prof. Dr. Roland Grunow, and Dr. Oliver Kaspari are with the Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms (ZBS 2); Dr. Michael Laue is with the Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4); all are with the Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Grunow
- Dr. Stefanie Papp, Katharina Kimmerl, Jacob Gatz, Prof. Dr. Roland Grunow, and Dr. Oliver Kaspari are with the Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms (ZBS 2); Dr. Michael Laue is with the Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4); all are with the Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Kaspari
- Dr. Stefanie Papp, Katharina Kimmerl, Jacob Gatz, Prof. Dr. Roland Grunow, and Dr. Oliver Kaspari are with the Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms (ZBS 2); Dr. Michael Laue is with the Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Advanced Light and Electron Microscopy (ZBS 4); all are with the Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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Wedel C, Wenning M, Dettling A, Scherer S, Hinrichs J. Resistance of thermophilic spore formers isolated from milk and whey products towards cleaning-in-place conditions: Influence of pH, temperature and milk residues. Food Microbiol 2019; 83:150-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wang H, Wang L, Tong L, Li Z. Effect of superheated steam inactivation on naturally existent microorganisms and enzymes of highland barley. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Qinghua East Road No. 17 Haidian District Beijing 100083 China
| | - Lili Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100193 China
| | - Litao Tong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100193 China
| | - Zaigui Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Qinghua East Road No. 17 Haidian District Beijing 100083 China
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10
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Microbiota of milk powders and the heat resistance and spoilage potential of aerobic spore-forming bacteria. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hirokado R, Noma S, Soh N, Igura N, Shimoda M, Hayashi N. Inactivation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Spores by Carbonation with Glycerin Fatty Acid Esters. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Noriyuki Igura
- Division of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Mitsuya Shimoda
- Division of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University
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Noma S, Kiyohara K, Hirokado R, Yamashita N, Migita Y, Tanaka M, Furukawa S, Ogihara H, Morinaga Y, Igura N, Shimoda M. Increase in hydrophobicity of Bacillus subtilis spores by heat, hydrostatic pressure, and pressurized carbon dioxide treatments. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 125:327-332. [PMID: 29107628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of heat treatment (HT), hydrostatic pressure treatment (HPT), and pressurized carbon dioxide treatment (CT) on surface hydrophobicity of B. subtilis 168 spores were investigated. The spore surface hydrophobicity was measured by determining the ratio of hydrophobic spores (RHS) that were partitioned into the n-hexadecane phase from the aqueous spore suspension. The RHS after HT generally increased in a temperature-dependent manner and reached approximately 10% at temperatures above 60°C. The effects of pressurization by HPT and accompanying temperature on increased RHS were complex. The highest RHS after HPT was approximately 17%. Following CT, RHS reached approximately 80% at 5 MPa at 80°C for 30 min. An increased treatment temperature enhanced RHS by CT. The increase in RHS by CT led to the formation of spore clumps and adhesion of spores to hydrophobic surfaces. Acidification of spore suspension to pH 3.2, expected pH during CT, by HCl also increased the adhesion of spores at the similar degree with CT. The spore surface zeta potential distribution was not changed by CT. Furthermore, spores with increased RHS after CT had germination-like phenomena including loss of their refractility and enhanced staining by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Physiological germination that was induced by the addition of l-alanine also increased the RHS. From these results, it is clear that CT under heating considerably increases RHS. CT under heating considerably increases RHS. This increase in RHS may be due to acidification or germination-like phenomena during CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Noma
- Laboratory of Bioresource Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjoh, Saga 840-0027, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Kiyohara
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Division of Food Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Rina Hirokado
- Laboratory of Bioresource Science and Technology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjoh, Saga 840-0027, Japan
| | - Nami Yamashita
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Division of Food Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresources and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuya Migita
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Motoharu Tanaka
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Soichi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Ogihara
- Laboratory of Food Hygiene and Safety Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Yasushi Morinaga
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa 252-8510, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Igura
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Division of Food Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Mitsuya Shimoda
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Division of Food Biotechnology, Department of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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13
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Assatarakul K. Degradation kinetic models and inactivation of pathogenic microorganisms by dimethyl dicarbonate in fresh mandarin juice. J Food Saf 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kitipong Assatarakul
- Department of Food Technology; Faculty of Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
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14
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Comparison of spore inactivation with novel agitating retort, static retort and combined high pressure-temperature treatments. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Stanford K, Harvey A, Barbieri R, Xu S, Reuter T, Amoako KK, Selinger LB, McAllister TA. Heat and desiccation are the predominant factors affecting inactivation of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus thuringiensis spores during simulated composting. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 120:90-8. [PMID: 26513540 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The suitability of composting for disposal of livestock mortalities due to Bacillus anthracis was assessed by measuring viability of surrogate spores from two strains each of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus thuringiensis after a heating cycle modelled on a cattle composting study. METHODS AND RESULTS Sporulation was attempted from 10 to 37°C, but poor yields at lower temperatures resulted in 25, 30 and 37°C being selected to generate sufficient spores (8 log10 CFU ml(-1) ) for experiments. Spores were inoculated into 3 g autoclaved dried-ground compost rehydrated with 6 ml water or silica beads in a factorial design for each strain, sporulation temperature, matrix and sampling day (0, 25, 50, 100, 150). Maximum incubation temperature was 62°C, but spores were maintained at ≥55°C for 78 of 150 days. Although significant differences existed among Bacillus strains and sporulation temperatures, numbers of viable spores after 150 days averaged 1·3 log10 CFU g(-1) , a 5·2 log10 reduction from day 0. CONCLUSIONS Spore inactivation was likely due to heat and desiccation as matrices were autoclaved prior to incubation, negating impacts of microflora. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Results support composting for disposal of anthrax mortalities, provided long-term thermophillic heating is achieved. Due to limited sporulation at 10°C, livestock mortalities from anthrax at this or lower ambient temperatures would likely be of lower risk for disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stanford
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - A Harvey
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - R Barbieri
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - S Xu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - T Reuter
- Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - K K Amoako
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - L B Selinger
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - T A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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16
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Gurtler JB, Hinton A, Bailey RB, Cray WC, Meinersmann RJ, Ball TA, Jin TZ. Salmonella isolated from ready-to-eat pasteurized liquid egg products: Thermal resistance, biochemical profile, and fatty acid analysis. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 206:109-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Rao L, Xu Z, Wang Y, Zhao F, Hu X, Liao X. Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores by high pressure CO2 with high temperature. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 205:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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18
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Buehner KP, Anand S, Djira GD. Prevalence of thermoduric bacteria and spores in nonfat dry milk powders of Midwest origin. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:2861-6. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Corona-Hernandez RI, Álvarez-Parrilla E, Lizardi-Mendoza J, Islas-Rubio AR, de la Rosa LA, Wall-Medrano A. Structural Stability and Viability of Microencapsulated Probiotic Bacteria: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013; 12:614-628. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío I. Corona-Hernandez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez 32310; Chihuahua; México
| | - Emilio Álvarez-Parrilla
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez 32310; Chihuahua; México
| | - Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Animal; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, AP 1735; Hermosillo 83000; Sonora; México
| | - Alma R. Islas-Rubio
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, AC. Carretera a la Victoria km. 0.6, AP 1735; Hermosillo 83000; Sonora; México
| | - Laura. A. de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez 32310; Chihuahua; México
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas; Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez. Anillo Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n; Ciudad Juárez 32310; Chihuahua; México
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20
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Zimmermann M, Miorelli S, Schaffner DW, Aragão GMF. Comparative effect of different test methodologies onBacillus coagulansspores inactivation kinetics in tomato pulp under isothermal conditions. Int J Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgana Zimmermann
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering; Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC; Campus Universitário; Cx. Postal 476; Florianópolis; SC; 88040-900; Brazil
| | - Suzane Miorelli
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering; Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC; Campus Universitário; Cx. Postal 476; Florianópolis; SC; 88040-900; Brazil
| | - Donald W. Schaffner
- Department of Food Science; Rutgers University; 65 Dudley Road; New Brunswick; NJ; 08901-8520; USA
| | - Gláucia M. F. Aragão
- Department of Chemical and Food Engineering; Federal University of Santa Catarina - UFSC; Campus Universitário; Cx. Postal 476; Florianópolis; SC; 88040-900; Brazil
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21
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Stoeckel M, Westermann AC, Atamer Z, Hinrichs J. Thermal inactivation of Bacillus cereus spores in infant formula under shear conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-012-0101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Adsorption immobilization of Escherichia coli phytase on probiotic Bacillus polyfermenticus spores. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011; 49:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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23
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Sun J, Zborowski M, Chalmers JJ. Quantification of both the presence, and oxidation state, of Mn in Bacillus atrophaeus spores and its imparting of magnetic susceptibility to the spores. Biotechnol Bioeng 2011; 108:1119-29. [PMID: 21449026 DOI: 10.1002/bit.23034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus atrophaeus spores were previously reported to have significant magnetic susceptibility in a magnetic field due to the presence of Mn. However, relatively little is known about the total amount and distribution of the oxidation state of Mn associated with this specific strain's spores. Using the instrument, cell tracking velocimetry (CTV) both magnetically induced velocity and settling velocity was quantitatively measured. Visual observations, and calculated diameter using previously reported densities, indicate that the spores are present in the form of clusters of approximately 3-6 µm. Treatment of these clusters with EDTA or pH of 2.0 or below resulted in not only the disruption of the spore clusters, but also a significant decrease in magnetic susceptibility, in some cases by almost two orders of magnitude. Since the magnetic susceptibility of Mn varies significantly between the three typically reported valance states of Mn, Mn(II), Mn(III), and Mn(IV); X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS, was used to determined the valance states of Mn in the spores. This XPS analysis, which penetrates up to 10 nm into the spore, returned the following fractions: 0.41, 0.38, and 0.21 for the valance states: Mn(II), Mn(III), and Mn(IV), respectively. The total mass of Mn associated with each spore cluster was determined by ICP-MS. A second, completely independent estimate of Mn mass associated with each spore cluster was made, by mathematically solving for the amount of Mn per spore cluster using the experimentally measured magnetophoretic mobility and the magnetic susceptibility of each of the three valence states from the XPS analysis. IPC-MS returned a value of 3.28 × 10(-11) g of Mn per spore cluster while the calculated estimation from mobility and XPS analysis retuned a value of 1.16 × 10(-11) g, which given the complexity of the two techniques, is a reasonable agreement. Finally, a discussion of potential applications of the magnetic properties of these spores is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Sun
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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24
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Desai SV, Varadaraj MC. Behavioural pattern of vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus cereus as affected by time-temperature combinations used in processing of Indian traditional foods. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2010; 47:549-56. [PMID: 23572684 PMCID: PMC3551094 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-010-0099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/03/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the behaviour of vegetative cells and spores of four potent native toxigenic food isolates of Bacillus cereus as affected by selected time-temperature combinations used in processing of Indian traditional foods. The vegetative cells of B. cereus when subjected to sublethal heat treatments, individually, in different heating menstra showed a sigmoidal inactivation pattern, with D-values in the range of 3.45 min at 60 °C to 10.6 min at 56 °C in saline. Accordingly, the z-values recorded across the heating menstra ranged from 9.3 °C in culture broth to 24 °C in whole milk. Similarly, the inactivation pattern for spores for the same isolates was curvilinear with D-values ranging from 4.4 min at 95 °C in whole milk to 19.45 min at 85 °C in saline. The z-values for spores ranged from 16.6 °C in saline to 38.4 °C in whole milk. The thermal inactivation pattern observed for vegetative cells and spores indicate that the death rate was not constant during the process of heat treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivalingsarj Vijaykumar Desai
- Human Resource Development, Central Food Technological Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Mysore, 570 020 India
| | - Mandyam Chakravarathy Varadaraj
- Human Resource Development, Central Food Technological Research Institute (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research), Mysore, 570 020 India
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25
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Mustafa N, Keller U, Malkus U, Harmsen D, Reichelt R, Hussein A, Sanousi SE. Morphological Changes Induced by Wet-heat in Bacillus cereus Endospores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/crb.2010.214.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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27
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Winkworth CL, Matthaei CD, Townsend CR. Recently planted vegetation strips reduce Giardia runoff reaching waterways. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2008; 37:2256-2263. [PMID: 18948479 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2008.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for tracking pathogens across farmland and into surrounding waterways via runoff are limited and typically have been developed using artificially created landscapes. No studies have investigated how Giardia in farm runoff moves across the landscape, despite high prevalence rates in dairy cattle (Bos taurus) worldwide. Here, we report the development of a field-based tracking method specific for Giardia movement in runoff and use this technique to compare the pathogen reduction capability of recently planted vegetation strips with bare soil strips cleared of vegetation. Such scenarios represent typical events in schemes to plant vegetation barriers aimed at reducing waterway contamination. A significant treatment effect was identified, with 26% fewer Giardia detected in runoff collected from the planted strip (P = 0.006). These results highlight the immediate benefit of pathogen removal to be gained from vegetation planting. The successful discrimination of treatment effects by this new technique will enable the assessment of different vegetation types on runoff reduction and the effects of plant development over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Winkworth
- Dep. of Zoology, Univ. of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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28
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Griffiths S, Smith S, MacGregor SJ, Anderson JG, van der Walle C, Beveridge JR, Helen Grant M. Pulsed electric field treatment as a potential method for microbial inactivation in scaffold materials for tissue engineering: the inactivation of bacteria in collagen gel. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:963-9. [PMID: 18429976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03829.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effectiveness of pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment as a new method for inactivation of micro-organisms in complex biomatrices and to assess this by quantifying the inactivation of Escherichia coli seeded in collagen gels. METHODS AND RESULTS PEF was applied to E. coli seeded collagen gels in static (nonflowing) chambers. The influence of electric field strength, pulse number and seeded cell densities were investigated. The highest level of inactivation was obtained at the maximum field strength of 45 kV cm(-1). For low levels of E. coli contamination (10(3) CFU ml(-1)), PEF treatment resulted in no viable E. coli being recovered from the gels. However, PEF treatment of gels containing higher cell densities (>or=10(4) CFU ml(-1)) did not achieve complete inactivation of E. coli. CONCLUSIONS PEF treatment successfully inactivated E. coli seeded in collagen gels by 3 log(10) CFU ml(-1). Complete inactivation was hindered at high cell densities by the tailing effect observed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY PEF shows potential as a novel, nondestructive method for decontamination of collagen-based matrices. Further investigation is required to ensure its compatibility with other proteins and therapeutic drugs for tissue engineering and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Griffiths
- Bioengineering Unit, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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29
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Bobay BG, Mueller GA, Thompson RJ, Murzin AG, Venters RA, Strauch MA, Cavanagh J. NMR structure of AbhN and comparison with AbrBN: FIRST insights into the DNA binding promiscuity and specificity of AbrB-like transition state regulator proteins. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:21399-21409. [PMID: 16702211 PMCID: PMC1761137 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m601963200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of transition state regulator proteins is critical, since they play a pivotal role in the ability of bacteria to cope with changing environments. Although much effort has focused on their genetic characterization, little is known about their structural and functional conservation. Here we present the high resolution NMR solution structure of the N-terminal domain of the Bacillus subtilis transition state regulator Abh (AbhN), only the second such structure to date. We then compare AbhN to the N-terminal DNA-binding domain of B. subtilis AbrB (AbrBN). This is the first such comparison between two AbrB-like transition state regulators. AbhN and AbrBN are very similar, suggesting a common structural basis for their DNA binding. However, we also note subtle variances between the AbhN and AbrBN structures, which may play important roles in DNA target specificity. The results of accompanying in vitro DNA-binding studies serve to highlight binding differences between the two proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G Bobay
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Geoffrey A Mueller
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Richele J Thompson
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Alexey G Murzin
- Medical Research Council Centre for Protein Engineering, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark A Strauch
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - John Cavanagh
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695.
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