1
|
Han A, Yoon JH, Choi YS, Bong Y, Jung G, Moon SK, Lee SY. Toxigenic diversity of Bacillus cereus isolated from fresh produce and effects of various factors on the growth and the cytotoxicity of B. cereus. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:219-229. [PMID: 38186617 PMCID: PMC10767108 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the virulence, growth characteristics, and cytotoxicity of Bacillus cereus strains isolated from fresh produce, including romaine lettuce, sesame leaf, tomato, and cucumber grown by different methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to assess the toxigenic potential, and the cytotoxicity of B. cereus was estimated using cell-free supernatant in HEp-2 cells. The study found that hblD was the predominant diarrheal enterotoxin in the 59 isolated B. cereus strains, followed by nheB and hblC. The optimal temperatures for growth ranged from 42 to 44 °C, with the highest growth rates and shortest lag times. Cytotoxicity varied greatly depending on abiotic factors, including NaCl, pH, and medium, and was not always correlated with cell population. The study highlights the importance of establishing control measures to prevent B. cereus intoxication in fresh vegetables. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01330-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areum Han
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-dearo, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Suncheon National University, 235 Jungang-ro, Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sun Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-dearo, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Bong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-dearo, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyusuck Jung
- Cactus & Succulent Research Institute, 464-52, Sonsan-do, Ilsanseo-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10224 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Kwon Moon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-dearo, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-dearo, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park KM, Kim HJ, Park KJ, Koo M. Susceptibility of emetic and enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus grown at high temperature to disinfectants. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16863. [PMID: 37484226 PMCID: PMC10360960 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of emetic strains in food products is rare; however, infection with these may be fatal to the vulnerable population. Bacterial control of the emetic Bacillus cereus strains is still unclear. This study aimed to assess the influence of high temperature on the disinfection of emetic and enterotoxigenic B. cereus. Emetic B. cereus strains survived up to 50 °C; the lag time and maximum growth rate were higher at 42 °C than those at 30 °C. Compared to enterotoxigenic B. cereus, all emetic food strains showed higher minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations for sodium hypochlorite and citric acid. The disinfectant susceptibility of the emetic B. cereus OS-05 strain incubated at a higher temperature did not increase and was maintained at the highest MBC value. In all emetic B. cereus strains, enterotoxin gene expression was upregulated at 42 °C and 45 °C. Increased ces gene expression was also found in emetic B. cereus strains GP-15 and OS-05, with upregulation of 128- and 820-fold at 42 °C. Thus, emetic B. cereus grown at high temperatures may resist common disinfectants of the food industry. The findings may help control B. cereus in food or the food processing industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Min Park
- Department of Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Kee Jai Park
- Department of Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
| | - Minseon Koo
- Department of Food Safety and Distribution Research Group, Korea Research Institute, Wanju-gun, 55365, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vandeweyer D, Lievens B, Van Campenhout L. Identification of bacterial endospores and targeted detection of foodborne viruses in industrially reared insects for food. NATURE FOOD 2020; 1:511-516. [PMID: 37128070 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-020-0120-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
With edible insects being increasingly produced, food safety authorities have called for the determination of microbiological challenges posed to human health. Here, we find that the bacterial endospore fraction in industrially reared mealworm and cricket samples is largely comprised of Bacillus cereus group members that can pose insect or human health risks. Hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus and norovirus genogroup II were not detected in the sample collection, indicating a low food safety risk from these viral pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dries Vandeweyer
- Lab4Food, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M²S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium
| | - Bart Lievens
- Laboratory for Process Microbial Ecology and Bioinspirational Management (PME&BIM), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M²S), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leen Van Campenhout
- Lab4Food, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M²S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Borremans A, Smets R, Van Campenhout L. Fermentation Versus Meat Preservatives to Extend the Shelf Life of Mealworm ( Tenebrio molitor) Paste for Feed and Food Applications. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1510. [PMID: 32760364 PMCID: PMC7373731 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshly prepared pastes from blanched mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) are highly perishable and prone to microbial and chemical changes upon storage due to their high water activity, near-neutral pH, and their rich nutrient profile. Their shelf life is short unless preservation methods are used. In this study, the effects of preservatives (sodium nitrite and sodium lactate) and lactic acid fermentation (with the starter cultures Bactoferm® F-LC and Lactobacillus farciminis) on the microbiological and the chemical stability of mealworm pastes stored at 4°C were compared. During the storage experiment, the pH, water activity, color, microbial counts, and fat oxidation were monitored. In addition, the prevalence of the pathogens Bacillus cereus, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes were studied. Microbial quality evaluation of the mealworm pastes showed that the addition of preservatives did not inhibit microbial growth during refrigerated storage, reaching the upper limits for consumption between seven and 14 days. By contrast, the acid medium (pH < 4.50) created by fermentation stabilized all microbial populations investigated, indicating that these pastes could be consumed up to (at least) 8 weeks of refrigerated storage. L. monocytogenes, Salmonella, and B. cereus were not detected in any of the samples and lipid oxidation of the samples was minimal. Altogether, this study shows that lactic acid fermentation can be used successfully to inhibit microbial growth, to maintain chemical quality, and to extend the shelf life of mealworm pastes stored at 4°C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- An Borremans
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven, Geel, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bawa M, Songsermpong S, Kaewtapee C, Chanput W. Effects of microwave and hot air oven drying on the nutritional, microbiological load, and color parameters of the house crickets (
Acheta domesticus
). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bawa
- Faculty of Agro‐Industry Department of Food Science and Technology Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Sirichai Songsermpong
- Faculty of Agro‐Industry Department of Food Science and Technology Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Chanwit Kaewtapee
- Faculty of Agriculture Department of Animal Science Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Wasaporn Chanput
- Faculty of Agro‐Industry Department of Food Science and Technology Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sporeforming bacteria in beer: Occurrence, diversity, presence of hop resistance genes and fate in alcohol-free and lager beers. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
7
|
Microbial counts of mealworm larvae ( Tenebrio molitor ) and crickets ( Acheta domesticus and Gryllodes sigillatus ) from different rearing companies and different production batches. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 242:13-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
8
|
Tango CN, Wang J, Oh DH. Modeling of Bacillus cereus growth in brown rice submitted to a combination of ultrasonication and slightly acidic electrolyzed water treatment. J Food Prot 2014; 77:2043-53. [PMID: 25474049 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The combined effects of ultrasonication and slight acidic electrolyzed water were investigated to improve the microbial safety of brown rice against Bacillus cereus infection and to evaluate the growth kinetics of these bacteria during storage of untreated and treated rice at various temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35°C). The results indicate that this combination treatment was bactericidal against B. cereus, resulting in an approximately 3.29-log reduction. Although B. cereus can be efficiently reduced by treatment, temperature abuse during storage can allow B. cereus to recover and grow. A primary growth model (Baranyi and Roberts equation) was fitted to the raw growth data from untreated (control) and treated samples to estimate growth rate, lag time, and maximum population density, with a low standard error of the residuals (≤0.140) and high adjusted coefficient of determination (>0.990). The growth curves obtained from the Baranyi and Roberts model indicated that B. cereus grew more slowly on treated brown rice than on untreated brown rice. Secondary models predicting the square root of the maximum growth rate and the natural logarithm of the lag time as a function of temperature were satisfactory (bias factor = 0.993 to 1.013; accuracy factor = 1.290 to 1.352; standard error of prediction = 18.828 to 36.615%). Inactivation results and the model developed and validated in this study provided reliable and valuable growth kinetics information for quantitative microbiological risk assessment studies of B. cereus on brown rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Nkufi Tango
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Deog Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Comparison of growth and disinfectant resistance of Bacillus cereus isolated from fresh-cut produce and organic vegetables. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
10
|
Development of a time-to-detect growth model for heat-treated Bacillus cereus spores. Int J Food Microbiol 2013; 165:231-40. [PMID: 23796655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The microbiological safety and quality of Refrigerated Processed Foods of Extended Durability (REPFEDs) relies on a combination of mild heat treatment and refrigeration, sometimes in combination with other inhibitory agents that are ineffective when used alone. In this context, a predictive model describing the time-to-detect growth (measured by turbidimetry) of psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus spores submitted to various combinations of pH, water activity (aw), heat treatment and storage temperature was developed. As the inoculum was high, the time-to-detect growth was the sum of two times: for a large part of the spore lag time (time before germination and outgrowth) and to a lesser extent of the time to have subsequent vegetative cells growing up to a detectable level. A dataset of 434 combinations (of pH, aw, heat treatment, storage temperature and B. cereus strain), originally collected at Ghent University to build a growth/no-growth model for two Bacillus cereus strains, was re-interpreted as time-to-detect growth values. In the growth area (223 combinations) the time-to-detect growth was set as the longest time where none, or only one, of the 8 replicated wells showed growth. In the no-growth area (211 combinations) the time-to-detect growth was set as longer than the time where the experiment was stopped (60days or more) and analysed as a censored response. The factors of variation were heat-treatment intensity (85°C, 87°C and 90°C in a time range of 1 to 38min), storage temperature (8-30°C), pH (5.2-6.4) and aw (0.973-0.995). Two different strains were analysed. The model had a Gamma multiplicative structure; it was solved by Bayesian inference with informative prior distributions. To be implemented in a decision tool, for instance to calculate the process and formulation conditions required to achieve a given detection time, each Gamma term had some constraints: they had to be monotonous, continuous and algebraically simple mathematical functions (i.e. having analytical solution). Overall, the cumulative effect of various stressful conditions (pasteurisation process, low temperature, and low pH) enables to extend the time-to-detect growth up to 60days or more, whereas the heat-treatment on its own did not have a similar effect. For example, with the most heat resistant strain (strain 1, FF140), for a product at aw0.99, stored at 10°C, heat-treated at 90°C for 10min, a time-to-detect growth of 2days was expected when the pH equalled 6.5. Under the same conditions, if the pH was reduced to 5.8, the time-to-detect growth was predicted to be 11days (and 33days at pH5.5). After a pasteurisation at 90°C for 10min, for a product kept at 10°C, combinations of pH and aw such as pH6.0-aw0.97, pH5.7-aw0.98 or pH5.5-aw0.99 were predicted to extend the time-to-detect growth up to 30days. The developed model is a useful tool for REPFED producers to guarantee the safety of their products towards psychrotrophic B. cereus.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim SR, Yoon Y, Kim WI, Park KH, Yun HJ, Chung DH, Yun JC, Ryu KY. Comparison of sample preparation methods for the recovery of foodborne pathogens from fresh produce. J Food Prot 2012; 75:1213-8. [PMID: 22980003 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation methods (pummeling, pulsifying, sonication, and shaking by hand) were compared for achieving maximum recovery of foodborne pathogens from iceberg lettuce, perilla leaves, cucumber, green pepper, and cherry tomato. Antimicrobial and dehydration effects also were examined to investigate causes of poor recovery of pathogens. Each produce type was inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus at 6.0 log CFU/cm(2), and samples were prepared using the four methods. Bacterial populations recovered from the five types of produce were significantly different (P < 0.05) according to sample preparation methods and produce type. The bacterial populations recovered from pummeled and pulsified samples were higher (P < 0.05) than those recovered from sonicated and hand-shaken samples, except for cherry tomato. The number of bacteria recovered from produce was reduced (P < 0.05) from that of the inoculum by 0.16 to 2.69 log CFU/cm(2). Although extracts of iceberg lettuce, perilla leaves, cucumber, and green pepper had no antimicrobial activity, the populations of E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, B. cereus, and L. monocytogenes in cherry tomato extract were slightly reduced after these treatments (P < 0.05). The pathogen populations on perilla leaves and cherry tomatoes decreased by >2 log CFU/cm(2) after exposure to 40% relative humidity for 1 h. No reduction was observed when the five pathogens were exposed to 90% relative humidity. These data suggest that pummeling and pulsifying are optimal sample preparation methods for detection of microorganisms. Acidic produce such as cherry tomato should be treated with a method that does not cause sample breakdown so that acid stress on the bacteria can be minimized. Dehydration stress also affects recovery of pathogens from produce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ri Kim
- Microbial Safety Division, Department of Agri-Food Safety, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chang HJ, Lee JH, Han BR, Kwak TK, Kim J. Prevalence of the levels of Bacillus cereus in fried rice dishes and its exposure assessment from Chinese-style restaurants. Food Sci Biotechnol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-011-0186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
|
13
|
SHALE K, MALEBO N. QUANTIFICATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND BACILLUS CEREUS STRAINS ISOLATED FROM BILTONG. J Food Saf 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4565.2011.00335.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
14
|
Akay C, Ogur R, Korkmaz A, Gocgeldi E, Yaren H, Gulec M. Could rice be used as an anticaking agent in table salt? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2009; 60:95-9. [PMID: 17886084 DOI: 10.1080/09637480701603132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine whether powdered rice could be used as an anticaking agent in table salt. Salts free from anticaking food additives were selected and powdered rice was added at different concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, 5%, 10% and 20%). The samples were placed away from direct light and airflow, and left exposed in the laboratory at room temperature and below 30% humidity. The weight of the samples was measured using an electronic laboratory balance and recorded daily for 4 days. At the end of the experiment, all the samples were dried at 105 °C in order to determine exact dryness. All the salt samples containing powdered rice lost weight (0.56±0.08%), while the other salt samples free of powdered rice gained weight (10.31±0.63%) (P<0.001). A statistically significant difference was found between the first two (1% and 2%) and last three concentrations (5%, 10% and 20%) (P<0.001). Adding powdered rice to salt as an anticaking agent during salt manufacturing at a concentration of 1% could take the place of other anticaking food additives used in table salt production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Akay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Gulhane Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Effect of modified atmosphere and temperature abuse on the growth from spores and cereulide production of Bacillus weihenstephanensis in a cooked chilled meat sausage. Int J Food Microbiol 2009; 130:172-8. [PMID: 19230998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the germination and growth of toxin producing psychrotolerant Bacillus spp is not well described. A model agar system mimicking a cooked meat product was used in initial experiments. Incubation at refrigeration temperature of 8 degrees C for 5 weeks of 26 Bacillus weihenstephanensis including two emetic toxin (cereulide) producing strains showed that B. weihenstephanensis is sensitive to MAP containing CO2. The sensitivity to 20% CO2 was dependent on strain and oxygen level, being increased when oxygen was excluded from the MAP. Growth from spores was observed at the earliest within 2 weeks when 20% CO2 was combined with 2% O2 and in 3 weeks when combined with "0"% O2 (the remaining atmosphere was made up from N2). Results were validated in a cooked meat sausage model for two non-emetic and one emetic B. weihenstephanensis strain. The packaging film oxygen transfer rates (OTR) were 1.3 and 40 ml/m(2)/24 h and the atmospheres were 2% O2/20% CO2 and "0"% O2/20% CO2. Oxygen availability had a large impact on the growth from spores in the MAP meat sausage, only the most oxygen restricted condition (OTR of 1.3 ml/m(2)/24 h and "0"% O2/20 % CO2 inhibited growth of the three strains during 4 weeks storage at 8 degrees C. Cereulide production was undetectable during storage at 8 degrees C irrespective of choice of the MAP (quantified by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry). MAP storage at 8 degrees C for 1 and 3 weeks followed by opening of packages and temperature abuse for 1.5 h daily at 20 degrees C during 1 week resulted in increased cell counts and variable cereulide production in the meat sausage. A pre-history at 8 degrees C for 1 week in MAP with OTR of 1.3 or 40 ml/m(2)/24 h and 2% O2 resulted in cereulide concentrations of 0.816-1.353 microg/g meat sausage, while a pre-history under the most oxygen restricted condition (OTR of 1.3 ml/m(2)/24 h, "0"% O2/20 % CO2 resulted in minimal cereulide production (0.004 microg/g meat sausage) at abuse condition. Extension of MAP storage at 8 degrees C for 3 weeks followed by abuse resulted in a substantially reduced cereulide production. Data demonstrates that MAP can be used to inhibit growth of a psychrotolerant toxin producing Bacillus spp. during chill storage at 8 degrees C, and substantially reduce the risk of emetic food poisoning at abuse condition. Results are of relevance for improving safety of ready to eat processed chilled foods of extended durability.
Collapse
|
16
|
Use of sensitivity analysis to aid interpretation of a probabilistic Bacillus cereus spore lag time model applied to heat-treated chilled foods (REPFEDs). Int J Food Microbiol 2008; 128:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
17
|
Hernández-Herrero L, Giner M, Valero M. Effective chemical control of psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus EPSO-35AS and INRA TZ415 spore outgrowth in carrot broth. Food Microbiol 2008; 25:714-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2007] [Revised: 02/19/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|