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Almehizia AA, Abosaoda MK, Kumar A, Jain V, Ballal S, Singh A, Chahar M, Saini S, Joshi KK, Kumar A. KIT-6 supported PhAA-Pd complex as a sustainable nanocatalyst for C-O coupling reactions. Sci Rep 2025; 15:12379. [PMID: 40210894 PMCID: PMC11985943 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-90824-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/12/2025] Open
Abstract
A practical and efficient method for synthesizing C-O cross-coupling has been established using a Pd complex anchored on mesoporous KIT-6. This design showcases exceptional efficiency, recoverability, and thermal stability. The synthesized mesostructure underwent comprehensive characterization through techniques such as FT-IR, SEM, XRD, EDX, BET, ICP, and TGA analyses. This catalyst was then successfully applied in C-O cross-coupling reactions. The approach offers several advantages, including rapid reaction times, high yields, excellent product purity, simplicity, environmental friendliness, and straightforward work-up procedures. Importantly, the durable nanohybrid catalyst exhibited no metal leaching and retained its catalytic performance across multiple cycles of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman A Almehizia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munthar Kadhim Abosaoda
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Pharmacy, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
| | - Anjan Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Vicky Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Marwadi University Research Center, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, 360003, India
| | - Suhas Ballal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhayveer Singh
- Centre for Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Mamata Chahar
- Department of Chemistry, NIMS Institute of Engineering and Technology, NIMS University, Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Suman Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh Engineering College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab, 140307, India
| | - Kamal Kant Joshi
- Department of Allied Science, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, 248002, India
- Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhinav Kumar
- Department of Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, 48823, USA.
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Xu Z, Chen N, Huang S, Wang S, Han D, Xiao M, Meng Y. Strategies for Mitigating Phosphoric Acid Leaching in High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:4480. [PMID: 39339475 PMCID: PMC11434161 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 09/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) have become one of the important development directions of PEMFCs because of their outstanding features, including fast reaction kinetics, high tolerance against impurities in fuel, and easy heat and water management. The proton exchange membrane (PEM), as the core component of HT-PEMFCs, plays the most critical role in the performance of fuel cells. Phosphoric acid (PA)-doped membranes have showed satisfied proton conductivity at high-temperature and anhydrous conditions, and significant advancements have been achieved in the design and development of HT-PEMFCs based on PA-doped membranes. However, the persistent issue of HT-PEMFCs caused by PA leaching remains a challenge that cannot be ignored. This paper provides a concise overview of the proton conduction mechanism in HT-PEMs and the underlying causes of PA leaching in HT-PEMFCs and highlights the strategies aimed at mitigating PA leaching, such as designing crosslinked structures, incorporation of hygroscopic nanoparticles, improving the alkalinity of polymers, covalently linking acidic groups, preparation of multilayer membranes, constructing microporous structures, and formation of micro-phase separation. This review will offer a guidance for further research and development of HT-PEMFCs with high performance and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Nanjie Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shuanjin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dongmei Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Min Xiao
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuezhong Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Institute of Chemistry, Henan Provincial Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Liu G, Pan H, Zhao S, Wang Y, Tang H, Zhang H. Grafting of Amine End-Functionalized Side-Chain Polybenzimidazole Acid-Base Membrane with Enhanced Phosphoric Acid Retention Ability for High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:340. [PMID: 38257253 PMCID: PMC10819380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A high phosphoric acid uptake and retention capacity are crucial for the high performance and stable operation of phosphoric acid/polybenzimidazole (PA/PBI)-based high-temperature proton exchange membranes. In this work, amine end-functionalized side-chain grafted PBI (AGPBI) with different grafting degrees are synthesized to enhance both the phosphoric acid uptake and the acid retention ability of the accordingly formed membranes. The optimized acid-base membrane exhibits a PA uptake of 374.4% and an anhydrous proton conductivity of 0.067 S cm-1 at 160 °C, with the remaining proton conductivity percentages of 91.0% after a 100 h stability test. The accordingly fabricated membrane electrode assembly deliver peak power densities of 0.407 and 0.638 W cm-2 under backpressure of 0 and 200 kPa, which are significantly higher than 0.305 and 0.477 W cm-2 for the phosphoric acid-doped unmodified PBI membrane under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Nr. 122 Luoshi Rd., Wuhan 430070, China; (G.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.T.)
| | - Hongfei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Nr. 122 Luoshi Rd., Wuhan 430070, China; (G.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.T.)
- National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies, Foshan Xianhu Laboratory, No. 1 Yangming Road, Danzao Town, Nanhai District, Foshan 528200, China
| | - Shengqiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Nr. 122 Luoshi Rd., Wuhan 430070, China; (G.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.T.)
| | - Yadong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Nr. 122 Luoshi Rd., Wuhan 430070, China; (G.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.T.)
- National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies, Foshan Xianhu Laboratory, No. 1 Yangming Road, Danzao Town, Nanhai District, Foshan 528200, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haolin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Nr. 122 Luoshi Rd., Wuhan 430070, China; (G.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.T.)
- National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies, Foshan Xianhu Laboratory, No. 1 Yangming Road, Danzao Town, Nanhai District, Foshan 528200, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Haining Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Nr. 122 Luoshi Rd., Wuhan 430070, China; (G.L.); (S.Z.); (Y.W.); (H.T.)
- National Energy Key Laboratory for New Hydrogen-Ammonia Energy Technologies, Foshan Xianhu Laboratory, No. 1 Yangming Road, Danzao Town, Nanhai District, Foshan 528200, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Fuel Cell Technology, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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Zhou T, Gui C, Sun L, Hu Y, Lyu H, Wang Z, Song Z, Yu G. Energy Applications of Ionic Liquids: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12170-12253. [PMID: 37879045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) consisting entirely of ions exhibit many fascinating and tunable properties, making them promising functional materials for a large number of energy-related applications. For example, ILs have been employed as electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage and conversion, as heat transfer fluids and phase-change materials for thermal energy transfer and storage, as solvents and/or catalysts for CO2 capture, CO2 conversion, biomass treatment and biofuel extraction, and as high-energy propellants for aerospace applications. This paper provides an extensive overview on the various energy applications of ILs and offers some thinking and viewpoints on the current challenges and emerging opportunities in each area. The basic fundamentals (structures and properties) of ILs are first introduced. Then, motivations and successful applications of ILs in the energy field are concisely outlined. Later, a detailed review of recent representative works in each area is provided. For each application, the role of ILs and their associated benefits are elaborated. Research trends and insights into the selection of ILs to achieve improved performance are analyzed as well. Challenges and future opportunities are pointed out before the paper is concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Zhou
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
- HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Chengmin Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Longgang Sun
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Yongxin Hu
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- Sustainable Energy and Environment Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou 511400, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Department for Process Systems Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstr. 1, D-39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Zhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Gangqiang Yu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, 100 Ping Le Yuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China
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Wang J, Liu G, Wang A, Ji W, Zhang L, Zhang T, Li J, Pan H, Tang H, Zhang H. Novel N-alkylation synthetic strategy of imidazolium cations grafted polybenzimidazole for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Hemmati Tirabadi F, Hajiaghababaei L, Tehrani RMA, Badiei A, Mollahosseini A. Trithiocyanuric acid-functionalized nanoporous silica: synthesis and application as an Ag+ selective optical probe. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022; 76:6629-6637. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Preparation of Amino-Functionalized Mesoporous SBA-15 Nanoparticles and the Improved Adsorption of Tannic Acid in Wastewater. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050791. [PMID: 35269279 PMCID: PMC8912468 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ordered mesoporous Santa Barbara amorphous (SBA-15) materials have high surface areas and are widely used in adsorption, separation, filtration, and heterogeneous catalytic processes. However, SBA-15 surfaces contain hydroxyl groups that are unsuited to the adsorption of organic pollutants; thus, SBA-15 must be chemically modified to promote its adsorption activity. In this study, amino-functionalized nanoporous SBA-15 was fabricated by employing sodium silicate as a precursor. The structural characteristics of the prepared composites were examined using thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and surface area analysis. The prepared SBA-15 had a large pore size (6.46–7.60 nm), large pore volume (1.037–1.105 cm3/g), and high surface area (546–766 m2/g). Functionalization caused a reduction in the SBA-15 pore volume and surface area, whereas amino groups that promoted an interaction between adsorbates and solids facilitated solute adsorption. The adsorption of tannic acid (TA) onto amino-modified silica composites (SBA-15 and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (SBA-15/APTES) and SBA-15 and pentaethylenehexamine (SBA-15/PEHA)) was studied. Their adsorption capacities were affected by solution temperature, solution pH, agitation speed, adsorbent dosage, and initial TA concentration. The maximum adsorption capacities for SBA-15/APTES and SBA-15/PEHA were 485.18 and 413.33 mg/g, respectively, with SBA-15/APTES exhibiting ultrafast removal of TA (98.61% removal rate at 15 min). In addition, this study explored the thermodynamics, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics. A comparison of two types of amino-functionalized SBA-15 was used for the first time to adsorb TA, which providing valuable information on TA adsorption on high adsorption capacity materials in water media.
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Research on Energy and Economics of Self-Made Catalyst-Coated Membrane for Fuel Cell under Different Oxidants. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020128. [PMID: 35207050 PMCID: PMC8877684 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the context of global warming, clean energy represented by fuel cells has ushered in a window period of rapid development; however, most research mainly focuses on the improvement of catalysts and performance, and there is very little research on the performance differences and energy consumption between different oxidants. In this paper, the performance differences of fuel cells with different oxidants (air and oxygen) are studied using a self-made CCM, and the economic aspect is calculated from the perspective of power improvement and energy consumption. Firstly, the CCM and GDL are prepared, and the hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of GDL are realized by the addition of PTFE and SiO2, respectively. Secondly, through the experiment, it is found that the fuel cell can achieve the best comprehensive performance at 60 °C, and the use of oxygen can achieve the highest power increase, 117.1%, compared with air. Finally, from the perspective of economics, after excluding the power consumed for preparing oxygen, the use of oxygen as an oxidant still achieved a net power increase of 29.512%. The research in this paper clearly shows that using oxygen instead of air can greatly improve performance and is good economically, which makes it a useful exploration for the research of fuel cells.
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Modifications on Promoting the Proton Conductivity of Polybenzimidazole-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membranes in Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11110826. [PMID: 34832055 PMCID: PMC8618715 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen-air proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are excellent fuel cells with high limits of energy density. However, the low carbon monoxide (CO) tolerance of the Pt electrode catalyst in hydrogen-air PEMFCs and methanol permanent in DMFCs greatly hindered their extensive use. Applying polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes can avoid these problems. The high thermal stability allows PBI membranes to work at elevated temperatures when the CO tolerance can be significantly improved; the excellent methanol resistance also makes it suitable for DMFCs. However, the poor proton conductivity of pristine PBI makes it hard to be directly applied in fuel cells. In the past decades, researchers have made great efforts to promote the proton conductivity of PBI membranes, and various effective modification methods have been proposed. To provide engineers and researchers with a basis to further promote the properties of fuel cells with PBI membranes, this paper reviews critical researches on the modification of PBI membranes in both hydrogen-air PEMFCs and DMFCs aiming at promoting the proton conductivity. The modification methods have been classified and the obtained properties have been included. A guide for designing modifications on PBI membranes for high-performance fuel cells is provided.
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