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Alabbosh KF, Zmantar T, Bazaid AS, Snoussi M, Noumi E. Antibiotics Resistance and Adhesive Properties of Clinical Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Wound Infections. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1353. [PMID: 37317326 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a ubiquitous pathogen responsible for several severe infections. This study aimed to investigate the adhesive properties and antibiotic resistance among clinical S. aureus isolated from Hail Hospital Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), using molecular approaches. This study was conducted according to the ethical committee at Hail's guidelines on twenty-four S. aureus isolates. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to identify genes encoding the β-lactamase resistance (blaZ), methicillin resistance (mecA), fluoroquinolone resistance (norA), nitric oxide reductase (norB), fibronectin (fnbA and fnbB), clumping factor (clfA) and intracellular adhesion factors (icaA and icaD). This qualitative study tested adhesion based on exopolysaccharide production on Congo red agar (CRA) medium and biofilm formation on polystyrene by S. aureus strains. Among 24 isolates, the cna and blaz were the most prevalent (70.8%), followed by norB (54.1%), clfA (50.0%), norA (41.6%), mecA and fnbB (37.5%) and fnbA (33.3%). The presence of icaA/icaD genes was demonstrated in almost all tested strains in comparison to the reference strain, S. aureus ATCC 43300. The phenotypic study of adhesion showed that all tested strains had moderate biofilm-forming capacity on polystyrene and represented different morphotypes on a CRA medium. Five strains among the twenty-four harbored the four genes of resistance to antibiotics (mecA, norA, norB and blaz). Considering the genes of adhesion (cna, clfA, fnbA and fnbB), these genes were present in 25% of the tested isolates. Regarding the adhesive properties, the clinical isolates of S. aureus formed biofilm on polystyrene, and only one strain (S17) produced exopolysaccharides on Congo red agar. All these results contribute to an understanding that the pathogenesis of clinical S. aureus isolates is due to their antibiotic resistance and adhesion to medical material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarek Zmantar
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment, Valorization of Environmental, and Product Pollutants, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Abdulrahman S Bazaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail 55476, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mejdi Snoussi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
| | - Emira Noumi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail 2440, Saudi Arabia
- Laboratory of Genetics, Biodiversity and Valorization of Bio-Resources (LR11ES41), Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Tahar Haddad, BP74, Monastir 5000, Tunisia
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Hindy JR, Quintero-Martinez JA, Lahr BD, DeSimone DC, Baddour LM. Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia and mortality: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 2006 to 2020. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023; 55:1-8. [PMID: 36151989 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2022.2123561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide an evaluation of predictors of 6-month mortality in incident Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia cases. METHODS A retrospective population-based study of 541 adult residents of Olmsted County, MN with monomicrobial S. aureus bacteraemia from 1 January 2006 through 31 December 2020. Multivariable Cox regression was used to investigate risk factors of 6-month mortality. RESULTS The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 541 patients with S. aureus bacteraemia was 66.8 (54.4-78.5) years and 39.6% were female. The median (IQR) Charlson Comorbidity Index was 6 (3-9). Overall, 144 patients died during the six-month period following their initial episode (30-day and 6-month mortality = 16.5% and 26.7%, respectively). In a multivariable analysis, older age, ICU admission, and unknown source of infection were significant predictors of increased 6-month mortality. In contrast, having an infectious diseases (ID) consultation was associated with reduced mortality in the first 2 weeks of follow-up. Secondary analyses revealed an early benefit of ID consultation during the first 30 days of follow-up and that infective endocarditis was an additional predictor of 6-month mortality. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this investigation represents the only US population-based study evaluating predictors of mortality in patients with S. aureus bacteraemia. The finding of a short-term survival benefit associated with early ID consultation may be due to more extensive diagnostic efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joya-Rita Hindy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Juan A Quintero-Martinez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brian D Lahr
- Division of Clinical Trials & Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel C DeSimone
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Larry M Baddour
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Hindy JR, Quintero-Martinez JA, Lahr BD, DeSimone DC, Baddour LM. A Population-Based Evaluation of Polymicrobial Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121499. [PMID: 36558831 PMCID: PMC9784487 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an evaluation of incidence and six-month mortality rates of polymicrobial Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (p-SAB) in the United States (US). METHODS A retrospective population-based study of all incident adults with monomicrobial SAB (m-SAB) and p-SAB in Olmsted County, Minnesota (MN) from 1 January 2006, through 31 December 2020, was conducted. Demographics, clinical characteristics, in-hospital outcomes, and six-month survival were compared between groups. RESULTS Overall, 31 incident p-SAB cases occurred during the 15-year study period, corresponding to an overall age- and sex-standardized incidence rate of 1.9/100,000 person-years (95% CI, 1.3-2.6). One-third of p-SAB cases were due to MRSA, and almost one-half (15/31) were caused by Gram-positive bacteria. As compared to the 541 cases with incident m-SAB, p-SAB patients were more likely to have a catheter-related infection (p = 0.008) and less likely to be community-acquired cases (p = 0.027). The unadjusted risk of six-month mortality was greater in the p-SAB group (14/31, 45.2%) compared to the m-SAB group (144/541, 26.6%) (HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.12-3.36, p = 0.018). After adjusting for relevant covariates, this difference approached significance (HR = 1.93, 95% = CI 0.96-3.87, p = 0.064). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, the current investigation represents the only US population-based study evaluating p-SAB patients. We found lower incidence rates for p-SAB than previously reported, with almost one-half of the cases caused by Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, these patients had poor survival compared to incident m-SAB cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joya-Rita Hindy
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Health, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(507)-319-7892
| | - Juan A. Quintero-Martinez
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Health, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Brian D. Lahr
- Division of Clinical Trials & Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Daniel C. DeSimone
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Health, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Larry M. Baddour
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Health, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Li L, Zhou P, Wang Y, Pan Y, Chen M, Tian Y, Zhou H, Yang B, Meng H, Zheng J. Antimicrobial activity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside-lauric acid ester against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Food Chem 2022; 383:132410. [PMID: 35182879 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic acylation of anthocyanin with fatty acid improves its lipophilic solubility and application potential. Nevertheless, evaluation of functional properties of product is premise for application. This study investigated the antimicrobial potential and the underlying mechanisms of an acylated anthocyanin, namely, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside-lauric acid ester (C3G-LA), to provide guidelines for its application. C3G-LA exhibited outstanding antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 0.3125 mg/mL] and modest activity against Escherichia coli (MIC = 5 mg/mL). Moreover, C3G-LA manifested bactericide ability against S. aureus at 0.625 mg/mL. Decreases in membrane integrity (by 96% and 92% at MIC in S. aureus and E. coli, respectively), intracellular ATP concentration (by 96% and 92%) and intracellular pH (by 11% and 9%) and changes in cellular morphology altogether indicated the dysfunction of cell membrane under C3G-LA treatment. These findings demonstrated that C3G-LA could be adopted as an alternative food preservative against foodborne pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China; InnoStar Bio-Tech Nantong Site, Nantong 226133, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yidi Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Hecheng Meng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong, China; Zhongshan Hongli Health Food Industry Research Institute Co., Ltd, Zhongshan 528400, Guangdong, China.
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Krasaewes K, Yasri S, Khamnoi P, Chaiwarith R. Hospital-Wide Protocol Significantly Improved Appropriate Management of Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060827. [PMID: 35740233 PMCID: PMC9219980 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background:Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (SA-BSI) causes morbidity and mortality. We established a management protocol for patients with SA-BSI aimed at improving quality of care and patient outcomes. Methods: A retrospective pre−post intervention study was conducted at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital from 1 October 2019 to 30 September 2020 in the pre-intervention period and from 1 November 2020 to 31 October 2021 in the post-intervention period. Results: Of the 169 patients enrolled, 88 were in the pre-intervention and 81 were in the post-intervention periods. There were similar demographic characteristics between the two periods. In the post-intervention period, evaluations for metastatic infections were performed more frequently, e.g., echocardiography (70.5% vs. 91.4%, p = 0.001). The appropriateness of antibiotic prescription was higher in the post-intervention period (42% vs. 81.5%, p < 0.001). The factors associated with the appropriateness of antibiotic prescription were ID consultation (OR 15.5; 95% CI = 5.9−40.8, p < 0.001), being in the post-intervention period (OR 9.4; 95% CI: 3.5−25.1, p < 0.001), and thorough investigations for metastatic infection foci (OR 7.2; 95% CI 2.1−25.2, p = 0.002). However, the 90-day mortality was not different (34.1% and 27.2% in the pre- and post-intervention periods, respectively). The factors associated with mortality from the multivariate analysis were the presence of alteration of consciousness (OR 11.24; 95% CI: 3.96−31.92, p < 0.001), having a malignancy (OR 6.64; 95% CI: 1.83−24.00, p = 0.004), hypoalbuminemia (OR 5.23; 95% CI: 1.71−16.02, p = 0.004), and having a respiratory tract infection (OR 5.07; 95% CI: 1.53−16.84, p = 0.008). Source control was the only factor that reduced the risk of death (OR 0.08; 95% CI: 0.01−0.53, p = 0.009). Conclusion: One-third of patients died. Hospital-wide protocol implementation significantly improved the quality of care. However, the mortality rate did not decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawisara Krasaewes
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Saowaluck Yasri
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Phadungkiat Khamnoi
- Diagnostic Laboratory, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Romanee Chaiwarith
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.K.); (S.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-5393-6457
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Hindy JR, Quintero-Martinez JA, Lee AT, Scott CG, Gerberi DJ, Mahmood M, DeSimone DC, Baddour LM. Incidence Trends and Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies. Cureus 2022; 14:e25460. [PMID: 35774691 PMCID: PMC9239286 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine incidence trends of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) from population-based studies from multiple countries. METHODS A contemporary systematic review was conducted using Ovid Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (1991+), Ovid Embase (1974+), Ovid Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) (1946+ including epub ahead of print, in-process & other non-indexed citations), and Web of Science Core Collection (Science Citation Index Expanded 1975+ and Emerging Sources Citation Index 2015+). Two authors (J.R.H. and J.A.Q.M.) independently reviewed all studies and included those that reported population-based incidence of SAB in patients aged 18 years and older. RESULTS Twenty-six studies met inclusion criteria with the highest number (n=6) of studies conducted in Canada. The incidence of SAB ranged from 9.3 to 65 cases/100,000/year. The median age of patients with SAB ranged from 62 to 72 years and SAB cases were more commonly observed in men than in women. The most common infection sources were intravascular catheters and skin and soft tissue infections. SAB incidence trends demonstrated high variability for geographic regions and calendar years. Overall, there was no change in the incidence trend across all studies during the past two decades. CONCLUSION Multiple factors, both pros, and cons are likely responsible for the overall stable SAB incidence in countries included in this systematic review. Some of these factors vary in geographic location and prompt additional investigations from countries not included in the current review so that a more global characterization is defined.
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