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Ma L, Ji L, Wang T, Zhai Z, Su P, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao W, Wu Z, Yu H, Zhao H. Research progress on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine regulating intestinal microbiota to combat influenza a virus infection. Virol J 2023; 20:260. [PMID: 37957630 PMCID: PMC10644525 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) are a prevalent respiratory pathogen that can cause seasonal flu and global pandemics, posing a significant global public health threat. Emerging research suggests that IAV infections may disrupt the balance of gut microbiota, while gut dysbiosis can affect disease progression in IAV patients. Therefore, restoring gut microbiota balance may represent a promising therapeutic target for IAV infections. Traditional Chinese medicine, with its ability to regulate gut microbiota, offers significant potential in preventing and treating IAV. This article provides a comprehensive review of the relationship between IAV and gut microbiota, highlighting the impact of gut microbiota on IAV infections. It also explores the mechanisms and role of traditional Chinese medicine in regulating gut microbiota for the prevention and treatment of IAV, presenting novel research avenues for traditional Chinese medicine-based IAV treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- LanYing Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
| | - Lingyun Ji
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tong Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhe Zhai
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
| | - PeiWei Su
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
| | - YaNan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - WenXiao Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- School of Nursing, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - ZhiChun Wu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - HuaYun Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - HaiJun Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shangdong Province, China.
- Shandong Co-innovation Center of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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Zhang Y, Wang R, Shi W, Zheng Z, Wang X, Li C, Zhang S, Zhang P. Antiviral effect of fufang yinhua jiedu (FFYH) granules against influenza A virus through regulating the inflammatory responses by TLR7/MyD88 signaling pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 275:114063. [PMID: 33813013 PMCID: PMC9759603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fufang-Yinhua-Jiedu Granules (FFYH) optimized from a Yin-Qiao-San, as traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), was used to treat influenza and upper respiratory tract infection and was recommended for the prevention and treatment of SARS in 2003 and current COVID-19 in Anhui Province in 2020. AIM OF STUDY In the clinical studies, FFYH was very effective for the treatment of influenza, but the mechanism of action against influenza A virus remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the antiviral effect of FFYH against influenza A virus in vitro and vivo. Moreover, the potential mechanism of FFYH against influenza A virus in vivo was investigated for the first time. MATERIALS AND METHODS CPE inhibition assay and HA assay were used to evaluate the in vitro antiviral effects of FFYH against influenza A virus H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H7N9 and H9N2. Mice were used to evaluate the antiviral effect of FFYH in vivo with ribavirin and lianhuaqingwen as positive controls. RT-PCR was used to quantify the mRNA transcription of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IP10, and IL-1β mRNA. ELISA was used to examine the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IP10, and IL-1β in sera. The blood parameters were analyzed with auto hematology analyzer. Moreover, the potential mechanism of FFYH against influenza A virus in vivo was also investigated. RESULTS FFYH showed a broad-spectrum of antiviral activity against H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H7N9, and H9N2 influenza A viruses. Furthermore, FFYH dose-dependently increased the survival rate, significantly prolonged the median survival time of mice, and markedly reduced lung injury caused by influenza A virus. Also, FFYH significantly improve the sick signs, food taken, weight loss, blood parameters, lung index, and lung pathological changes. Moreover, FFYH could markedly inhibit the inflammatory cytokine expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IP10, IL-10, and IL-1β mRNA or protein via inhibition of the TLR7/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo. CONCLUSION FFYH not only showed a broad-spectrum of anti-influenza virus activity in vitro, but also exhibited a significant protective effect against lethal influenza virus infection in vivo. Furthermore, our results indicated that the in vivo antiviral effect of FFYH against influenza virus may be attributed to suppressing the expression of inflammatory cytokines via regulating the TLR7/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence for the clinical treatment of influenza A virus infection with FFYH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ronghua Wang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Weiqing Shi
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhihui Zheng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiaoquan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Shuofeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China; College of Veterinary Medicine & Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Santner P, Martins JMDS, Laursen JS, Behrendt L, Riber L, Olsen CA, Arkin IT, Winther JR, Willemoës M, Lindorff-Larsen K. A Robust Proton Flux (pHlux) Assay for Studying the Function and Inhibition of the Influenza A M2 Proton Channel. Biochemistry 2018; 57:5949-5956. [PMID: 30230312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The M2 protein is an important target for drugs in the fight against the influenza virus. Because of the emergence of resistance against antivirals directed toward the M2 proton channel, the search for new drugs against resistant M2 variants is of high importance. Robust and sensitive assays for testing potential drug compounds on different M2 variants are valuable tools in this search for new inhibitors. In this work, we describe a fluorescence sensor-based assay, which we termed "pHlux", that measures proton conduction through M2 when synthesized from an expression vector in Escherichia coli. The assay was compared to a previously established bacterial potassium ion transport complementation assay, and the results were compared to simulations obtained from analysis of a computational model of M2 and its interaction with inhibitor molecules. The inhibition of M2 was measured for five different inhibitors, including Rimantadine, Amantadine, and spiro type compounds, and the drug resistance of the M2 mutant variants (swine flu, V27A, and S31N) was confirmed. We demonstrate that the pHlux assay is robust and highly sensitive and shows potential for high-throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Santner
- Department of Biology, Section for Biomolecular Sciences, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science , University of Copenhagen , Ole Maaloes Vej 5 , 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - João Miguel da Silva Martins
- Department of Biology, Section for Biomolecular Sciences, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science , University of Copenhagen , Ole Maaloes Vej 5 , 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jonas S Laursen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Lars Behrendt
- Department of Biology, Section for Biomolecular Sciences, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science , University of Copenhagen , Ole Maaloes Vej 5 , 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Leise Riber
- Department of Biology, Section for Microbiology , University of Copenhagen , Ole Maaloes Vej 5 , 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Christian A Olsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark.,Center for Biopharmaceuticals, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2 , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Isaiah T Arkin
- Department of Biological Chemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat-Ram , Jerusalem 91904 , Israel
| | - Jakob R Winther
- Department of Biology, Section for Biomolecular Sciences, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science , University of Copenhagen , Ole Maaloes Vej 5 , 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Martin Willemoës
- Department of Biology, Section for Biomolecular Sciences, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science , University of Copenhagen , Ole Maaloes Vej 5 , 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Kresten Lindorff-Larsen
- Department of Biology, Section for Biomolecular Sciences, Linderstrøm-Lang Centre for Protein Science , University of Copenhagen , Ole Maaloes Vej 5 , 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
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MacDonald J. History and Promise of Plant-Made Vaccines for Animals. PROSPECTS OF PLANT-BASED VACCINES IN VETERINARY MEDICINE 2018. [PMCID: PMC7122757 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-90137-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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5
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Masemann D, Leite Dantas R, Sitnik S, Schied T, Nordhoff C, Ludwig S, Wixler V. The Four-and-a-Half LIM Domain Protein 2 Supports Influenza A Virus-Induced Lung Inflammation by Restricting the Host Adaptive Immune Response. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1236-1245. [PMID: 29458009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Four-and-a-half LIM domain protein 2 (FHL2) is a multifunctional adaptor protein with fine-tuning adjustment properties. It acts as a regulator of signaling cascades but also as a cofactor of transcription and controls several anti-inflammatory immune responses. Recently, we described FHL2 as a novel regulator of influenza A virus propagation. We have shown that in vitro FHL2 restricts viral replication by accelerating the interferon regulatory factor 3-dependent transcription of the Ifnb1 gene. In this work, we unraveled an ambiguous role of FHL2 during influenza A virus infection in vivo. Although FHL2 restrained viral replication during the first 24 hours of infection, it significantly delayed viral clearance afterward. Comparison of lung immune status of wild-type and FHL2 knockout mice during influenza virus infection did not acknowledge significant differences in the innate host immune response but revealed an improved migration of dendritic cells from infected lungs into draining lymph nodes as well as increased levels of activated CD8+ T lymphocytes accumulated in the lungs of FHL2 knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dörthe Masemann
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Westfaelische Wilhelms University, Muenster, Germany
| | - Rafael Leite Dantas
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Westfaelische Wilhelms University, Muenster, Germany
| | - Siarhei Sitnik
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Westfaelische Wilhelms University, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tanja Schied
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Westfaelische Wilhelms University, Muenster, Germany
| | - Carolin Nordhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Westfaelische Wilhelms University, Muenster, Germany
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Westfaelische Wilhelms University, Muenster, Germany; Cluster of Excellence Cells in Motion, Westfaelische Wilhelms University, Muenster, Germany
| | - Viktor Wixler
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Westfaelische Wilhelms University, Muenster, Germany.
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Laborda P, Wang SY, Lu AM, He M, Duan XC, Qian YJ, Jung YS, Liu L, Voglmeir J. Diastereoselective One-Step Synthesis of 2-Keto-3-deoxy-d- glycero-d-galacto-nononic acid (KDN) Analogues as Templates for the Development of Influenza Drugs. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Laborda
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center; College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Nanjing Jiangsu 210014 People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Yan Wang
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center; College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Min Lu
- College of Sciences; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Meng He
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center; College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Chu Duan
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center; College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Juan Qian
- College of Sciences; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Sam Jung
- Antiviral Unit; Department of Veterinary Medicine; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center; College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center; College of Food Science and Technology; Nanjing Agricultural University; Nanjing Jiangsu 210095 People's Republic of China
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7
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Laborda P, Wang SY, Voglmeir J. Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitors: Synthetic Approaches, Derivatives and Biological Activity. Molecules 2016; 21:E1513. [PMID: 27845731 PMCID: PMC6274581 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being a common viral disease, influenza has very negative consequences, causing the death of around half a million people each year. A neuraminidase located on the surface of the virus plays an important role in viral reproduction by contributing to the release of viruses from infected host cells. The treatment of influenza is mainly based on the administration of neuraminidase inhibitors. The neuraminidase inhibitors zanamivir, laninamivir, oseltamivir and peramivir have been commercialized and have been demonstrated to be potent influenza viral neuraminidase inhibitors against most influenza strains. In order to create more potent neuraminidase inhibitors and fight against the surge in resistance resulting from naturally-occurring mutations, these anti-influenza drugs have been used as templates for the development of new neuraminidase inhibitors through structure-activity relationship studies. Here, we review the synthetic routes to these commercial drugs, the modifications which have been performed on these structures and the effects of these modifications on their inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Laborda
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Su-Yan Wang
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics and Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Fedson DS. Treating the host response to emerging virus diseases: lessons learned from sepsis, pneumonia, influenza and Ebola. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:421. [PMID: 27942512 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.11.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
There is an ongoing threat of epidemic or pandemic diseases that could be caused by influenza, Ebola or other emerging viruses. It will be difficult and costly to develop new drugs that target each of these viruses. Statins and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have been effective in treating patients with sepsis, pneumonia and influenza, and a statin/ARB combination appeared to dramatically reduce mortality during the recent Ebola outbreak. These drugs target (among other things) the endothelial dysfunction found in all of these diseases. Most scientists work on new drugs that target viruses, and few accept the idea of treating the host response with generic drugs. A great deal of research will be needed to show conclusively that these drugs work, and this will require the support of public agencies and foundations. Investigators in developing countries should take an active role in this research. If the next Public Health Emergency of International Concern is caused by an emerging virus, a "top down" approach to developing specific new drug treatments is unlikely to be effective. However, a "bottom up" approach to treatment that targets the host response to these viruses by using widely available and inexpensive generic drugs could reduce mortality in any country with a basic health care system. In doing so, it would make an immeasurable contribution to global equity and global security.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Fedson
- Formerly, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Stevaert A, Naesens L. The Influenza Virus Polymerase Complex: An Update on Its Structure, Functions, and Significance for Antiviral Drug Design. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:1127-1173. [PMID: 27569399 PMCID: PMC5108440 DOI: 10.1002/med.21401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause seasonal epidemics and pandemic outbreaks associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and a huge cost. Since resistance to the existing anti‐influenza drugs is rising, innovative inhibitors with a different mode of action are urgently needed. The influenza polymerase complex is widely recognized as a key drug target, given its critical role in virus replication and high degree of conservation among influenza A (of human or zoonotic origin) and B viruses. We here review the major progress that has been made in recent years in unravelling the structure and functions of this protein complex, enabling structure‐aided drug design toward the core regions of the PA endonuclease, PB1 polymerase, or cap‐binding PB2 subunit. Alternatively, inhibitors may target a protein–protein interaction site, a cellular factor involved in viral RNA synthesis, the viral RNA itself, or the nucleoprotein component of the viral ribonucleoprotein. The latest advances made for these diverse pharmacological targets have yielded agents in advanced (i.e., favipiravir and VX‐787) or early clinical testing, besides several experimental inhibitors in various stages of development, which are all covered here.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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10
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The Influenza A Virus Genotype Determines the Antiviral Function of NF-κB. J Virol 2016; 90:7980-90. [PMID: 27356900 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00946-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The role of NF-κB in influenza A virus (IAV) infection does not reveal a coherent picture, as pro- and also antiviral functions of this transcription factor have been described. To address this issue, we used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat with Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9)-mediated genome engineering to generate murine MLE-15 cells lacking two essential components of the NF-κB pathway. Cells devoid of either the central NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) scaffold protein and thus defective in IκB kinase (IKK) activation or cells not expressing the NF-κB DNA-binding and transactivation subunit p65 were tested for propagation of the SC35 virus, which has an avian host range, and its mouse-adapted variant, SC35M. While NF-κB was not relevant for replication of SC35M, the absence of NF-κB activity increased replication of the nonadapted SC35 virus. This antiviral effect of NF-κB was most prominent upon infection of cells with low virus titers as they usually occur during the initiation phase of IAV infection. The defect in NF-κB signaling resulted in diminished IAV-triggered phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and expression of the antiviral beta interferon (IFN-β) gene. To identify the viral proteins responsible for NF-κB dependency, reassortant viruses were generated by reverse genetics. SC35 viruses containing the SC35M segment encoding neuraminidase (NA) were completely inert to the inhibitory effect of NF-κB, emphasizing the importance of the viral genotype for susceptibility to the antiviral functions of NF-κB. IMPORTANCE This study addresses two different issues. First, we investigated the role of the host cell transcription factor NF-κB in IAV replication by genetic manipulation of IAVs by reverse genetics combined with targeted genome engineering of host cells using CRISPR-Cas9. The analysis of these two highly defined genetic systems indicated that the IAV genotype can influence whether NF-κB displays an antiviral function and thus might in part explain incoherent results from the literature. Second, we found that perturbation of NF-κB function greatly improved the growth of a nonadapted IAV, suggesting that NF-κB may contribute to the maintenance of the host species barrier.
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Abstract
Seasonal and pandemic influenza are the two faces of respiratory infections caused by influenza viruses in humans. As seasonal influenza occurs on an annual basis, the circulating virus strains are closely monitored and a yearly updated vaccination is provided, especially to identified risk populations. Nonetheless, influenza virus infection may result in pneumonia and acute respiratory failure, frequently complicated by bacterial coinfection. Pandemics are, in contrary, unexpected rare events related to the emergence of a reassorted human-pathogenic influenza A virus (IAV) strains that often causes increased morbidity and spreads extremely rapidly in the immunologically naive human population, with huge clinical and economic impact. Accordingly, particular efforts are made to advance our knowledge on the disease biology and pathology and recent studies have brought new insights into IAV adaptation mechanisms to the human host, as well as into the key players in disease pathogenesis on the host side. Current antiviral strategies are only efficient at the early stages of the disease and are challenged by the genomic instability of the virus, highlighting the need for novel antiviral therapies targeting the pulmonary host response to improve viral clearance, reduce the risk of bacterial coinfection, and prevent or attenuate acute lung injury. This review article summarizes our current knowledge on the molecular basis of influenza infection and disease progression, the key players in pathogenesis driving severe disease and progression to lung failure, as well as available and envisioned prevention and treatment strategies against influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Peteranderl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Herold
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
| | - Carole Schmoldt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany
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12
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McKimm-Breschkin JL, Fry AM. Meeting report: 4th ISIRV antiviral group conference: Novel antiviral therapies for influenza and other respiratory viruses. Antiviral Res 2016; 129:21-38. [PMID: 26872862 PMCID: PMC7132401 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The International Society for Influenza and other Respiratory Virus Diseases (isirv) held its 4th Antiviral Group Conference at the University of Texas on 2–4 June, 2015. With emerging resistance to the drugs currently licensed for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza viruses, primarily the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu) and the M2 inhibitors amantadine and rimantadine, and the lack of effective interventions against other respiratory viruses, the 3-day programme focused on the discovery and development of inhibitors of several virus targets and key host cell factors involved in virus replication or mediating the inflammatory response. Virus targets included the influenza haemagglutinin, neuraminidase and M2 proteins, and both the respiratory syncytial virus and influenza polymerases and nucleoproteins. Therapies for rhinoviruses and MERS and SARS coronaviruses were also discussed. With the emerging development of monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics, the potential implications of antibody-dependent enhancement of disease were also addressed. Topics covered all aspects from structural and molecular biology to preclinical and clinical studies. The importance of suitable clinical trial endpoints and regulatory issues were also discussed from the perspectives of both industry and government. This meeting summary provides an overview, not only for the conference participants, but also for those interested in the current status of antivirals for respiratory viruses. The International Society for Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses held an Antiviral Group conference in June, 2015. This report covers oral presentations, including therapies against influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections. Therapies for rhinovirus, MERS and SARS coronavirus infections were also topics at the conference. Some speakers focused on monoclonal antibodies as therapeutics and antibody-dependent enhancement of disease. The importance of suitable clinical trial endpoints and regulatory issues were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia M Fry
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Qiu S, Shen Y, Pan H, Wang J, Zhang Q. Effectiveness and safety of oseltamivir for treating influenza: an updated meta-analysis of clinical trials. Infect Dis (Lond) 2015; 47:808-19. [DOI: 10.3109/23744235.2015.1067369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Targeting Importin-α7 as a Therapeutic Approach against Pandemic Influenza Viruses. J Virol 2015; 89:9010-20. [PMID: 26085167 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00583-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral drug resistance is believed to be less likely to occur if compounds are directed against cellular rather than viral proteins. In this study, we analyzed the feasibility of a crucial viral replication factor, namely, importin-α7, as a cellular drug target to combat pandemic influenza viruses. Surprisingly, only five viral lung-to-lung passages were required to achieve 100% lethality in importin-α7⁻/⁻ mice that otherwise are resistant. Viral escape from importin-α7 requirement was mediated by five mutations in the viral ribonucleoprotein complex and the surface glycoproteins. Moreover, the importin-α7⁻/⁻ mouse-adapted strain became even more virulent for wild-type mice than the parental strain. These studies show that targeting host proteins may still result in viral escape by alternative pathways, eventually giving rise to even more virulent virus strains. Thus, therapeutic intervention strategies should consider a multitarget approach to reduce viral drug resistance. IMPORTANCE Here, we investigated the long-standing hypothesis based on in vitro studies that viral drug resistance occurrence is less likely if compounds are directed against cellular rather than viral proteins. Here, we challenged this hypothesis by analyzing, in an in vivo animal model, the feasibility of targeting the cellular factor importin-α7, which is crucial for human influenza virus replication and pathogenesis, as an efficient antiviral strategy against pandemic influenza viruses. In summary, our studies suggest that resistance against cellular factors is possible in vivo, and the emergence of even more virulent viral escape variants calls for particular caution. Thus, therapeutic intervention strategies should consider a multitarget approach using compounds against viral as well as cellular factors to reduce the risk of viral drug resistance and potentially increased virulence.
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Lu Y, Hardes K, Dahms SO, Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Steinmetzer T, Than ME, Klenk HD, Garten W. Peptidomimetic furin inhibitor MI-701 in combination with oseltamivir and ribavirin efficiently blocks propagation of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and delays high level oseltamivir resistance in MDCK cells. Antiviral Res 2015; 120:89-100. [PMID: 26022200 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral medication is used for the treatment of severe influenza infections, of which the neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are the most effective drugs, approved so far. Here, we investigated the antiviral efficacy of the peptidomimetic furin inhibitor MI-701 in combination with oseltamivir carboxylate and ribavirin against the infection of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) that are activated by the host protease furin. Cell cultures infected with the strains A/Thailand/1(KAN-1)/2004 (H5N1) and A/FPV/Rostock/1934 (H7N1) were treated with each agent alone, or in double and triple combinations. MI-701 alone achieved a concentration-dependent reduction of virus propagation. Double treatment of MI-701 with oseltamivir carboxylate and triple combination with ribavirin showed synergistic inhibition and a pronounced delay of virus propagation. MI-701 resistant mutants were not observed. Emergence of NA mutation H275Y conferring high oseltamivir resistance was significantly delayed in the presence of MI-701. Our data indicate that combination with a potent furin inhibitor significantly enhances the therapeutic efficacy of conventional antivirals drugs against HPAIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Lu
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Kornelia Hardes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Sven O Dahms
- Protein Crystallography Group, Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marbacher Weg 6-10, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Manuel E Than
- Protein Crystallography Group, Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Klenk
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Garten
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany.
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Herold S, Becker C, Ridge KM, Budinger GRS. Influenza virus-induced lung injury: pathogenesis and implications for treatment. Eur Respir J 2015; 45:1463-78. [PMID: 25792631 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00186214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The influenza viruses are some of the most important human pathogens, causing substantial seasonal and pandemic morbidity and mortality. In humans, infection of the lower respiratory tract of can result in flooding of the alveolar compartment, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and death from respiratory failure. Influenza-mediated damage of the airway, alveolar epithelium and alveolar endothelium results from a combination of: 1) intrinsic viral pathogenicity, attributable to its tropism for host airway and alveolar epithelial cells; and 2) a robust host innate immune response, which, while contributing to viral clearance, can worsen the severity of lung injury. In this review, we summarise the molecular events at the virus-host interface during influenza virus infection, highlighting some of the important cellular responses. We discuss immune-mediated viral clearance, the mechanisms promoting or perpetuating lung injury, lung regeneration after influenza-induced injury, and recent advances in influenza prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Herold
- Dept of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Christin Becker
- Dept of Internal Medicine II, Universities Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Justus-Liebig University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Karen M Ridge
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Wieler LH. "One Health"--linking human, animal and environmental health. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:775-6. [PMID: 25260716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lothar H Wieler
- Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany.
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Strategies for the Development of Influenza Drugs: Basis for New Efficient Combination Therapies. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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