1
|
Zhu G, Jin L, Shen W, Zhao M, Liu N. Intratumor microbiota: Occult participants in the microenvironment of multiple myeloma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188959. [PMID: 37488050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
More recently, microbiota was detected in several tumorous tissues including multiple myeloma (MM), but the roles of which is still under-studied as paucity of research on tumor biology. Moreover, we also detected the presence of microbiota in the bone marrow of patients with MM by 2bRAD-M sequencing technology, which is an incurable hematological malignancy characterized by accumulation of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow. However, the roles of intratumor microbiota in tumor disease remains poorly understood. In this review, we critically reviewed recent literature about microbiota in the tumorigenesis and progression of MM. Importantly, we proposed that the emergence of microbiota in the microenvironment of multiple myeloma may be attributed to microbial dysbiosis and impaired intestinal barrier, due to the increased prevalence of MM in patients with obesity and diabetes, of which the characteristic phenotype is gut microbial dysbiosis and impaired intestinal barrier. When the intestinal barrier is damaged, dysbiotic microbiota and their metabolites, as well as dysregulated immune cells, may participate in the reshaping of the local immune microenvironment, and play pivotal roles in the tumorigenesis and development of multiple myeloma, probably by migrating to the bone marrow microenvironment from intestine. We also discuss the emerging microbiological manipulation strategies to improve long-term outcomes of MM, as well as the prospective of the state-of-the-art techniques to advance our knowledge about the biological implication in the microbiome in MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gengjun Zhu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lifang Jin
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weizhang Shen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiao L, Tang R, Wang J, Wan D, Yin Y, Xie L. Gut microbiota bridges the iron homeostasis and host health. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:1952-1975. [PMID: 37515687 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota acts as a symbiotic microecosystem that plays an indispensable role in the regulation of a number of metabolic processes in the host by secreting secondary metabolites and impacting the physiology and pathophysiology of numerous organs and tissues through the circulatory system. This relationship, referred to as the "gut-X axis", is associated with the development and progression of disorders, including obesity, fatty liver and Parkinson's disease. Given its importance, the gut flora is a vital research area for the understanding and development of the novel therapeutic approaches for multiple disorders. Iron is a common but necessary element required by both mammals and bacteria. As a result, iron metabolism is closely intertwined with the gut microbiota. The host's iron homeostasis affects the composition of the gut microbiota and the interaction between host and gut microbiota through various mechanisms such as nutrient homeostasis, intestinal peaceability, gut immunity, and oxidative stress. Therefore, understanding the relationship between gut microbes and host iron metabolism is not only of enormous significance to host health but also may offer preventative and therapeutic approaches for a number of disorders that impact both parties. In this review, we delve into the connection between the dysregulation of iron metabolism and dysbiosis of gut microbiota, and how it contributes to the onset and progression of metabolic and chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lanling Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dan Wan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China.
| | - Liwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
- Department of Stomatology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Foshan), Foshan, 528308, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yoo D, Whang CH, Hong J, Kim D, Prayogo MC, Son Y, Jung W, Lee S, Lee HS, Jon S. Anti-inflammatory Glycocalyx-Mimicking Nanoparticles for Colitis Treatment: Construction and In Vivo Evaluation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304815. [PMID: 37310766 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Common medications for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have limited therapeutic efficacy and severe adverse effects. This underscores the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches that can effectively target inflamed sites in the gastrointestinal tract upon oral administration, exerting potent therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic effects. Here, we report the construction and in vivo therapeutic evaluation of a library of anti-inflammatory glycocalyx-mimicking nanoparticles (designated GlyNPs) in a mouse model of IBD. The anti-inflammatory GlyNP library was created by attaching bilirubin (BR) to a library of glycopolymers composed of random combinations of the five most naturally abundant sugars. Direct in vivo screening of 31 BR-attached anti-inflammatory GlyNPs via oral administration into mice with acute colitis led to identification of a candidate GlyNP capable of targeting macrophages in the inflamed colon and effectively alleviating colitis symptoms. These findings suggest that the BR-attached GlyNP library can be used as a platform to identify anti-inflammatory nanomedicines for various inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dohyun Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Whang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multiscale Chiral Architectures (CMCA), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Monica Celine Prayogo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngju Son
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsik Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multiscale Chiral Architectures (CMCA), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hamza FN, Daher S, Fakhoury HMA, Grant WB, Kvietys PR, Al-Kattan K. Immunomodulatory Properties of Vitamin D in the Intestinal and Respiratory Systems. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071696. [PMID: 37049536 PMCID: PMC10097244 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays a crucial role in modulating the innate immune response by interacting with its intracellular receptor, VDR. In this review, we address vitamin D/VDR signaling and how it contributes to the regulation of intestinal and respiratory microbiota. We additionally review some components of the innate immune system, such as the barrier function of the pulmonary and intestinal epithelial membranes and secretion of mucus, with their respective modulation by vitamin D. We also explore the mechanisms by which this vitamin D/VDR signaling mounts an antimicrobial response through the transduction of microbial signals and the production of antimicrobial peptides that constitute one of the body’s first lines of defense against pathogens. Additionally, we highlight the role of vitamin D in clinical diseases, namely inflammatory bowel disease and acute respiratory distress syndrome, where excessive inflammatory responses and dysbiosis are hallmarks. Increasing evidence suggests that vitamin D supplementation may have potentially beneficial effects on those diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatheia N. Hamza
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Daher
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana M. A. Fakhoury
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - William B. Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, P.O. Box 641603, San Francisco, CA 94164-1603, USA
| | - Peter R. Kvietys
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Al-Kattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tiruvayipati S, Hameed DS, Ahmed N. Play the plug: How bacteria modify recognition by host receptors? Front Microbiol 2022; 13:960326. [PMID: 36312954 PMCID: PMC9615552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.960326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse microbial community that colonizes the gastrointestinal tract has remarkable effects on the host immune system and physiology resulting in homeostasis or disease. In both scenarios, the gut microbiota interacts with their host through ligand-receptor binding whereby the downstream signaling processes determine the outcome of the interaction as disease or the counteractive immune responses of the host. Despite several studies on microbe-host interactions and the mechanisms by which this intricate process happens, a comprehensive and updated inventory of known ligand-receptor interactions and their roles in disease is paramount. The ligands which originate as a result of microbial responses to the host environment contribute to either symbiotic or parasitic relationships. On the other hand, the host receptors counteract the ligand actions by mounting a neutral or an innate response. The varying degrees of polymorphic changes in the host receptors contribute to specificity of interaction with the microbial ligands. Additionally, pathogenic microbes manipulate host receptors with endogenous enzymes belonging to the effector protein family. This review focuses on the diversity and similarity in the gut microbiome-host interactions both in health and disease conditions. It thus establishes an overview that can help identify potential therapeutic targets in response to critically soaring antimicrobial resistance as juxtaposed to tardy antibiotic development research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suma Tiruvayipati
- Infectious Diseases Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dharjath S. Hameed
- Department of Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Niyaz Ahmed
- Pathogen Biology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
- *Correspondence: Niyaz Ahmed, ,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
N-glycosylation of cervicovaginal fluid reflects microbial community, immune activity, and pregnancy status. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16948. [PMID: 36216861 PMCID: PMC9551102 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cervicovaginal fluid (CVF) is a complex, functionally important and glycan rich biological fluid, fundamental in mediating physiological events associated with reproductive health. Using a comprehensive glycomic strategy we reveal an extremely rich and complex N-glycome in CVF of pregnant and non-pregnant women, abundant in paucimannose and high mannose glycans, complex glycans with 2-4 N-Acetyllactosamine (LacNAc) antennae, and Poly-LacNAc glycans decorated with fucosylation and sialylation. N-glycosylation profiles were observed to differ in relation to pregnancy status, microbial composition, immune activation, and pregnancy outcome. Compared to CVF from women experiencing term birth, CVF from women who subsequently experienced preterm birth showed lower sialylation, which correlated to the presence of a diverse microbiome, and higher fucosylation, which correlated positively to pro-inflammatory cytokine concentration. This study is the first step towards better understanding the role of cervicovaginal glycans in reproductive health, their contribution to the mechanism of microbial driven preterm birth, and their potential for preventative therapy.
Collapse
|
7
|
Markelova NN, Semenova EF, Sineva ON, Sadykova VS. The Role of Cyclomodulins and Some Microbial Metabolites in Bacterial Microecology and Macroorganism Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911706. [PMID: 36233008 PMCID: PMC9570213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of bacteria that colonize the human body produce toxins and effectors that cause changes in the eukaryotic cell cycle—cyclomodulins and low-molecular-weight compounds such as butyrate, lactic acid, and secondary bile acids. Cyclomodulins and metabolites are necessary for bacteria as adaptation factors—which are influenced by direct selection—to the ecological niches of the host. In the process of establishing two-way communication with the macroorganism, these compounds cause limited damage to the host, despite their ability to disrupt key processes in eukaryotic cells, which can lead to pathological changes. Possible negative consequences of cyclomodulin and metabolite actions include their potential role in carcinogenesis, in particular, with the ability to cause DNA damage, increase genome instability, and interfere with cancer-associated regulatory pathways. In this review, we aim to examine cyclomodulins and bacterial metabolites as important factors in bacterial survival and interaction with the host organism to show their heterogeneous effect on oncogenesis depending on the surrounding microenvironment, pathological conditions, and host genetic background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia N. Markelova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.N.M.); (V.S.S.)
| | - Elena F. Semenova
- Institute of Biochemical Technology, Ecology and Pharmacy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, 295007 Simferopol, Russia
| | - Olga N. Sineva
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vera S. Sadykova
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, ul. Bolshaya Pirogovskaya, 11, 119021 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (N.N.M.); (V.S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and a Fresh View on Shiga Toxin-Binding Glycosphingolipids of Primary Human Kidney and Colon Epithelial Cells and Their Toxin Susceptibility. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136884. [PMID: 35805890 PMCID: PMC9266556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are the human pathogenic subset of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing E. coli (STEC). EHEC are responsible for severe colon infections associated with life-threatening extraintestinal complications such as the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) and neurological disturbances. Endothelial cells in various human organs are renowned targets of Stx, whereas the role of epithelial cells of colon and kidneys in the infection process has been and is still a matter of debate. This review shortly addresses the clinical impact of EHEC infections, novel aspects of vesicular package of Stx in the intestine and the blood stream as well as Stx-mediated extraintestinal complications and therapeutic options. Here follows a compilation of the Stx-binding glycosphingolipids (GSLs), globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer) and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer) and their various lipoforms present in primary human kidney and colon epithelial cells and their distribution in lipid raft-analog membrane preparations. The last issues are the high and extremely low susceptibility of primary renal and colonic epithelial cells, respectively, suggesting a large resilience of the intestinal epithelium against the human-pathogenic Stx1a- and Stx2a-subtypes due to the low content of the high-affinity Stx-receptor Gb3Cer in colon epithelial cells. The review closes with a brief outlook on future challenges of Stx research.
Collapse
|
9
|
Bagel A, Sergentet D. Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Milk Fat Globules. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030496. [PMID: 35336072 PMCID: PMC8953591 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are zoonotic Gram-negative bacteria. While raw milk cheese consumption is healthful, contamination with pathogens such as STEC can occur due to poor hygiene practices at the farm level. STEC infections cause mild to serious symptoms in humans. The raw milk cheese-making process concentrates certain milk macromolecules such as proteins and milk fat globules (MFGs), allowing the intrinsic beneficial and pathogenic microflora to continue to thrive. MFGs are surrounded by a biological membrane, the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM), which has a globally positive health effect, including inhibition of pathogen adhesion. In this review, we provide an update on the adhesion between STEC and raw MFGs and highlight the consequences of this interaction in terms of food safety, pathogen detection, and therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Bagel
- ‘Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment’ Research Team, Université de Lyon, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, CNRS (National Center of Scientific Research), VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l’Etoile, 69280 Lyon, France;
| | - Delphine Sergentet
- ‘Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment’ Research Team, Université de Lyon, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne Lyon, CNRS (National Center of Scientific Research), VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l’Etoile, 69280 Lyon, France;
- Laboratoire d’Etudes des Microorganismes Alimentaires Pathogènes-French National Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli Including Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (NRL-STEC), VetAgro Sup—Campus Vétérinaire, Université de Lyon, Marcy-l’Etoile, 69280 Lyon, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
de Costa A. The appendix‐mucosal immunity and tolerance in the gut: consequences for the syndromes of appendicitis and its epidemiology. ANZ J Surg 2022; 92:653-660. [PMID: 35152541 PMCID: PMC9304207 DOI: 10.1111/ans.17522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The cause of appendicitis is unknown. A review is presented across diverse sources relating to the biology of the appendix and its perturbations. A mechanistic model of the function of the appendix is presented, and its application to the syndromes and consequences of appendicitis is described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan de Costa
- College of Medicine and Dentistry James Cook University, Cairns Clinical School, Cairns Hospital Cairns Queensland Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Duangnumsawang Y, Zentek J, Goodarzi Boroojeni F. Development and Functional Properties of Intestinal Mucus Layer in Poultry. Front Immunol 2021; 12:745849. [PMID: 34671361 PMCID: PMC8521165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.745849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal mucus plays important roles in protecting the epithelial surfaces against pathogens, supporting the colonization with commensal bacteria, maintaining an appropriate environment for digestion, as well as facilitating nutrient transport from the lumen to the underlying epithelium. The mucus layer in the poultry gut is produced and preserved by mucin-secreting goblet cells that rapidly develop and mature after hatch as a response to external stimuli including environmental factors, intestinal microbiota as well as dietary factors. The ontogenetic development of goblet cells affects the mucin composition and secretion, causing an alteration in the physicochemical properties of the mucus layer. The intestinal mucus prevents the invasion of pathogens to the epithelium by its antibacterial properties (e.g. β-defensin, lysozyme, avidin and IgA) and creates a physical barrier with the ability to protect the epithelium from pathogens. Mucosal barrier is the first line of innate defense in the gastrointestinal tract. This barrier has a selective permeability that allows small particles and nutrients passing through. The structural components and functional properties of mucins have been reviewed extensively in humans and rodents, but it seems to be neglected in poultry. This review discusses the impact of age on development of goblet cells and their mucus production with relevance for the functional characteristics of mucus layer and its protective mechanism in the chicken’s intestine. Dietary factors directly and indirectly (through modification of the gut bacteria and their metabolic activities) affect goblet cell proliferation and differentiation and can be used to manipulate mucosal integrity and dynamic. However, the mode of action and mechanisms behind these effects need to be studied further. As mucins resist to digestion processes, the sloughed mucins can be utilized by bacteria in the lower part of the gut and are considered as endogenous loss of protein and energy to animal. Hydrothermal processing of poultry feed may reduce this loss by reduction in mucus shedding into the lumen. Given the significance of this loss and the lack of precise data, this matter needs to be carefully investigated in the future and the nutritional strategies reducing this loss have to be defined better.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yada Duangnumsawang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Farshad Goodarzi Boroojeni
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang L, Huang J, Wu X, Li L, Cai W, Zhu L, Wang S, Song H, Zhu D, Ma T, Liu H. Interactions between gut microbiota and soy hull polysaccharides regulate the air-liquid interfacial activity. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
13
|
Detzner J, Püttmann C, Pohlentz G, Humpf HU, Mellmann A, Karch H, Müthing J. Primary Human Colon Epithelial Cells (pHCoEpiCs) Do Express the Shiga Toxin (Stx) Receptor Glycosphingolipids Gb3Cer and Gb4Cer and Are Largely Refractory but Not Resistant towards Stx. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810002. [PMID: 34576167 PMCID: PMC8472147 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx) is released by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) into the human intestinal lumen and transferred across the colon epithelium to the circulation. Stx-mediated damage of human kidney and brain endothelial cells and renal epithelial cells is a renowned feature, while the sensitivity of the human colon epithelium towards Stx and the decoration with the Stx receptor glycosphingolipids (GSLs) globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer, Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer) and globotetraosylceramide (Gb4Cer, GalNAcβ1-3Galα1-4Galβ1-4Glcβ1-1Cer) is a matter of debate. Structural analysis of the globo-series GSLs of serum-free cultivated primary human colon epithelial cells (pHCoEpiCs) revealed Gb4Cer as the major neutral GSL with Cer (d18:1, C16:0), Cer (d18:1, C22:1/C22:0) and Cer (d18:1, C24:2/C24:1) accompanied by minor Gb3Cer with Cer (d18:1, C16:0) and Cer (d18:1, C24:1) as the dominant lipoforms. Gb3Cer and Gb4Cer co-distributed with cholesterol and sphingomyelin to detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) used as microdomain analogs. Exposure to increasing Stx concentrations indicated only a slight cell-damaging effect at the highest toxin concentration of 1 µg/mL for Stx1a and Stx2a, whereas a significant effect was detected for Stx2e. Considerable Stx refractiveness of pHCoEpiCs that correlated with the rather low cellular content of the high-affinity Stx-receptor Gb3Cer renders the human colon epithelium questionable as a major target of Stx1a and Stx2a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Detzner
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.D.); (C.P.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Charlotte Püttmann
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.D.); (C.P.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Gottfried Pohlentz
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.D.); (C.P.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Hans-Ulrich Humpf
- Institute for Food Chemistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Alexander Mellmann
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.D.); (C.P.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Helge Karch
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.D.); (C.P.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (H.K.)
| | - Johannes Müthing
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (J.D.); (C.P.); (G.P.); (A.M.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)251-8355192
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mucus, Microbiomes and Pulmonary Disease. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060675. [PMID: 34199312 PMCID: PMC8232003 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory tract harbors a stable and diverse microbial population within an extracellular mucus layer. Mucus provides a formidable defense against infection and maintaining healthy mucus is essential to normal pulmonary physiology, promoting immune tolerance and facilitating a healthy, commensal lung microbiome that can be altered in association with chronic respiratory disease. How one maintains a specialized (healthy) microbiome that resists significant fluctuation remains unknown, although smoking, diet, antimicrobial therapy, and infection have all been observed to influence microbial lung homeostasis. In this review, we outline the specific role of polymerizing mucin, a key functional component of the mucus layer that changes during pulmonary disease. We discuss strategies by which mucin feed and spatial orientation directly influence microbial behavior and highlight how a compromised mucus layer gives rise to inflammation and microbial dysbiosis. This emerging field of respiratory research provides fresh opportunities to examine mucus, and its function as predictors of infection risk or disease progression and severity across a range of chronic pulmonary disease states and consider new perspectives in the development of mucolytic treatments.
Collapse
|
15
|
Application of the Antibody-Inducing Activity of Glycosphingolipids to Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073776. [PMID: 33917390 PMCID: PMC8038663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are composed of a mono-, di-, or oligosaccharide and a ceramide and function as constituents of cell membranes. Various molecular species of GSLs have been identified in mammalian cells due to differences in the structures of oligosaccharides. The oligosaccharide structure can vary depending on cell lineage, differentiation stage, and pathology; this property can be used as a cell identification marker. Furthermore, GSLs are involved in various aspects of the immune response, such as cytokine production, immune signaling, migration of immune cells, and antibody production. GSLs containing certain structures exhibit strong immunogenicity in immunized animals and promote the production of anti-GSL antibodies. By exploiting this property, it is possible to generate antibodies that recognize the fine oligosaccharide structure of specific GSLs or glycoproteins. In our study using artificially synthesized GSLs (artGSLs), we found that several structural features are correlated with the antibody-inducing activity of GSLs. Based on these findings, we designed artGSLs that efficiently induce the production of antibodies accompanied by class switching and developed several antibodies that recognize not only certain glycan structures of GSLs but also those of glycoproteins. This review comprehensively introduces the immune activities of GSLs and their application as pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zheng R, Wu M, Wang H, Chai L, Peng J. Copper-induced sublethal effects in Bufo gargarizans tadpoles: growth, intestinal histology and microbial alternations. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:502-513. [PMID: 33587250 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is one of the environmental contaminations which can pose significant risks for organisms. The current study explores the effects of Cu exposure on the growth, intestinal histology and microbial ecology in Bufo gargarizans. The results revealed that 0.5-1 μM Cu exposure induced growth retardation (including reduction of total body length and wet weight) and intestinal histological injury (including disordered enterocyte, changes in the villi and vacuoles) of tadpoles. Also, high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that Cu exposure caused changes in richness, diversity and structure of intestinal microbiota. Moreover, the composition of intestinal microbiota was altered in tadpoles exposed to different concentrations of Cu. At the phylum level, we observed the abundance of proteobacteria was increased, while the abundance of fusobacteria was decreased in the intestinal microbiota of tadpoles exposed to 1 μM Cu. At the genus level, a reduced abundance of kluyvera and aeromonas was observed in the intestinal microbiota of tadpoles under the exposure of 0-0.5 μM Cu. Finally, functional predictions revealed that tadpoles exposed to copper may be at a higher risk of developing metabolic disorders or diseases. Above all, our results will develop a comprehensive view of the Cu exposure in amphibians and will yield a new consideration for sublethal effects of Cu on aquatic organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyao Wu
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Chai
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jufang Peng
- College of Life Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.
- Basic Experimental Teaching Center, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Galeev A, Suwandi A, Cepic A, Basu M, Baines JF, Grassl GA. The role of the blood group-related glycosyltransferases FUT2 and B4GALNT2 in susceptibility to infectious disease. Int J Med Microbiol 2021; 311:151487. [PMID: 33662872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2021.151487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycosylation profile of the gastrointestinal tract is an important factor mediating host-microbe interactions. Variation in these glycan structures is often mediated by blood group-related glycosyltransferases, and can lead to wide-ranging differences in susceptibility to both infectious- as well as chronic disease. In this review, we focus on the interplay between host glycosylation, the intestinal microbiota and susceptibility to gastrointestinal pathogens based on studies of two exemplary blood group-related glycosyltransferases that are conserved between mice and humans, namely FUT2 and B4GALNT2. We highlight that differences in susceptibility can arise due to both changes in direct interactions, such as bacterial adhesion, as well as indirect effects mediated by the intestinal microbiota. Although a large body of experimental work exists for direct interactions between host and pathogen, determining the more complex and variable mechanisms underlying three-way interactions involving the intestinal microbiota will be the subject of much-needed future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alibek Galeev
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany and Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Abdulhadi Suwandi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Aleksa Cepic
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany and Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Meghna Basu
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany and Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - John F Baines
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany and Institute for Experimental Medicine, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Rodríguez-Rubio L, Haarmann N, Schwidder M, Muniesa M, Schmidt H. Bacteriophages of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli and Their Contribution to Pathogenicity. Pathogens 2021; 10:404. [PMID: 33805526 PMCID: PMC8065619 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxins (Stx) of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are generally encoded in the genome of lambdoid bacteriophages, which spend the most time of their life cycle integrated as prophages in specific sites of the bacterial chromosome. Upon spontaneous induction or induction by chemical or physical stimuli, the stx genes are co-transcribed together with the late phase genes of the prophages. After being assembled in the cytoplasm, and after host cell lysis, mature bacteriophage particles are released into the environment, together with Stx. As members of the group of lambdoid phages, Stx phages share many genetic features with the archetypical temperate phage Lambda, but are heterogeneous in their DNA sequences due to frequent recombination events. In addition to Stx phages, the genome of pathogenic STEC bacteria may contain numerous prophages, which are either cryptic or functional. These prophages may carry foreign genes, some of them related to virulence, besides those necessary for the phage life cycle. Since the production of one or more Stx is considered the major pathogenicity factor of STEC, we aim to highlight the new insights on the contribution of Stx phages and other STEC phages to pathogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Rodríguez-Rubio
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.R.-R.); (M.M.)
| | - Nadja Haarmann
- Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (N.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Maike Schwidder
- Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (N.H.); (M.S.)
| | - Maite Muniesa
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (L.R.-R.); (M.M.)
| | - Herbert Schmidt
- Department of Food Microbiology and Hygiene, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany; (N.H.); (M.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Heine V, Kremers T, Menzel N, Schnakenberg U, Elling L. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Biosensor Enabling Kinetic Monitoring of Fucosyltransferase Activity. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1003-1011. [PMID: 33595293 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring glycosyltransferases on biosensors is of great interest for pathogen and cancer diagnostics. As a proof of concept, we here demonstrate the layer-by-layer immobilization of a multivalent neoglycoprotein (NGP) as a substrate for a bacterial fucosyltransferase (FucT) and the subsequent binding of the fucose-specific Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) on an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) sensor. We report for the first time the binding kinetics of a glycosyltransferase in real-time. Highly stable EIS measurements are obtained by the modification of counter and reference electrodes with polypyrrole: polystyrene sulfonate (PPy:PSS). In detail, the N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc)-carrying NGP was covalently immobilized on the gold working electrode and served as a substrate for the FucT-catalyzed reaction. The LacNAc epitopes were converted to Lewisx (Lex) and detected by AAL. AAL binding to the Lex epitope was further confirmed in a lectin displacement and a competitive lectin binding inhibition experiment. We monitored the individual kinetic processes via EIS. The time constant for covalent immobilization of the NGP was 653 s. The FucT kinetics was the slowest process with a time constant of 1121 s. In contrast, a short time constant of 11.8 s was determined for the interaction of AAL with the modified NGPs. When this process was competed by 400 mM fucose, the binding was significantly slowed down, as indicated by a time constant of 978 s. The kinetics for the displacement of bound AAL by free fucose was observed with a time constant of 424 s. We conclude that this novel EIS biosensor and the applied workflow has the potential to detect FucT and other GT activities in general and further monitor protein-glycan interactions, which may be useful for the detection of pathogenic bacteria and cancer cells in future biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Heine
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Kremers
- Chair of Micro- and Nanosystems and Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 24, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Nora Menzel
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
- Chair of Micro- and Nanosystems and Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 24, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Uwe Schnakenberg
- Chair of Micro- and Nanosystems and Institute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, Sommerfeldstraße 24, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße 20, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alemao CA, Budden KF, Gomez HM, Rehman SF, Marshall JE, Shukla SD, Donovan C, Forster SC, Yang IA, Keely S, Mann ER, El Omar EM, Belz GT, Hansbro PM. Impact of diet and the bacterial microbiome on the mucous barrier and immune disorders. Allergy 2021; 76:714-734. [PMID: 32762040 DOI: 10.1111/all.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic immune and metabolic disorders is increasing rapidly. In particular, inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, diabetes, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have become major healthcare and economic burdens worldwide. Recent advances in microbiome research have led to significant discoveries of associative links between alterations in the microbiome and health, as well as these chronic supposedly noncommunicable, immune/metabolic disorders. Importantly, the interplay between diet, microbiome and the mucous barrier in these diseases has gained significant attention. Diet modulates the mucous barrier via alterations in gut microbiota, resulting in either disease onset/exacerbation due to a "poor" diet or protection against disease with a "healthy" diet. In addition, many mucosa-associated disorders possess a specific gut microbiome fingerprint associated with the composition of the mucous barrier, which is further influenced by host-microbiome and inter-microbial interactions, dietary choices, microbe immigration and antimicrobials. Our review focuses on the interactions of diet (macronutrients and micronutrients), gut microbiota and mucous barriers (gastrointestinal and respiratory tract) and their importance in the onset and/or progression of major immune/metabolic disorders. We also highlight the key mechanisms that could be targeted therapeutically to prevent and/or treat these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A. Alemao
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Kurtis F. Budden
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Henry M. Gomez
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Saima F. Rehman
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Jacqueline E. Marshall
- Faculty of Science Centre for Inflammation Centenary Institute University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Shakti D. Shukla
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
| | - Chantal Donovan
- Faculty of Science Centre for Inflammation Centenary Institute University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Samuel C. Forster
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences Hudson Institute of Medical Research Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases Monash University Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Ian A. Yang
- Thoracic Program The Prince Charles Hospital Metro North Hospital and Health Service Brisbane QLD Australia
- Faculty of Medicine UQ Thoracic Research Centre The University of Queensland Brisbane QLD Australia
| | - Simon Keely
- Hunter Medical Research Institute Priority Research Centre for Digestive Health and Neurogastroenterology University of Newcastle New Lambton Heights NSW Australia
| | - Elizabeth R. Mann
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation University of Manchester Manchester UK
- Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research Manchester Academic Health Science Centre University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Emad M. El Omar
- St George & Sutherland Clinical School Microbiome Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Gabrielle T. Belz
- Diamantina Institute University of Queensland Woolloongabba QLD Australia
- Department of Medical Biology Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs Hunter Medical Research Institute New Lambton, Newcastle NSW Australia
- The University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW Australia
- Faculty of Science Centre for Inflammation Centenary Institute University of Technology Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Luijkx YMCA, Bleumink NMC, Jiang J, Overkleeft HS, Wösten MMSM, Strijbis K, Wennekes T. Bacteroides fragilis fucosidases facilitate growth and invasion of Campylobacter jejuni in the presence of mucins. Cell Microbiol 2020; 22:e13252. [PMID: 32827216 PMCID: PMC7685106 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The enteropathogenic bacterium, Campylobacter jejuni, was considered to be non‐saccharolytic, but recently it emerged that l‐fucose plays a central role in C. jejuni virulence. Half of C. jejuni clinical isolates possess an operon for l‐fucose utilisation. In the intestinal tract, l‐fucose is abundantly available in mucin O‐linked glycan structures, but C. jejuni lacks a fucosidase enzyme essential to release the l‐fucose. We set out to determine how C. jejuni can gain access to these intestinal l‐fucosides. Growth of the fuc + C. jejuni strains, 129,108 and NCTC 11168, increased in the presence of l‐fucose while fucose permease knockout strains did not benefit from additional l‐fucose. With fucosidase assays and an activity‐based probe, we confirmed that Bacteriodes fragilis, an abundant member of the intestinal microbiota, secretes active fucosidases. In the presence of mucins, C. jejuni was dependent on B. fragilis fucosidase activity for increased growth. Campylobacter jejuni invaded Caco‐2 intestinal cells that express complex O‐linked glycan structures that contain l‐fucose. In infection experiments, C. jejuni was more invasive in the presence of B. fragilis and this increase is due to fucosidase activity. We conclude that C. jejuni fuc + strains are dependent on exogenous fucosidases for increased growth and invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvette M C A Luijkx
- Department Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy M C Bleumink
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jianbing Jiang
- Leiden institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Health Science Center, School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Marc M S M Wösten
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karin Strijbis
- Department Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Department Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Valid Presumption of Shiga Toxin-Mediated Damage of Developing Erythrocytes in EHEC-Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060373. [PMID: 32512916 PMCID: PMC7354503 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of clinical diseases caused by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an issue of great concern. EHEC release Shiga toxins (Stxs) as their key virulence factors, and investigations on the cell-damaging mechanisms toward target cells are inevitable for the development of novel mitigation strategies. Stx-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by the triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal injury, is the most severe outcome of an EHEC infection. Hemolytic anemia during HUS is defined as the loss of erythrocytes by mechanical disruption when passing through narrowed microvessels. The formation of thrombi in the microvasculature is considered an indirect effect of Stx-mediated injury mainly of the renal microvascular endothelial cells, resulting in obstructions of vessels. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent data providing evidence that HUS-associated hemolytic anemia may arise not only from intravascular rupture of erythrocytes, but also from the extravascular impairment of erythropoiesis, the development of red blood cells in the bone marrow, via direct Stx-mediated damage of maturing erythrocytes, leading to “non-hemolytic” anemia.
Collapse
|