Associations between risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and frailty among community-dwelling older adults in Lanzhou, China

A systematic review of the relationship between body composition including muscle, fat, bone, and body water and frailty in Asian residents

International guidelines suggested that overweight and underweight are risk factors for frailty. However, body composition, which directly affects body weight, was not mentioned as a risk factor. We aimed to investigate whether the body composition, including muscle, fat, bone, and body water, is a risk factor for frailty. MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Scopus were searched up to June 03, 2022. We included cohort studies or observational studies using a cross-sectional design that reported an association between body composition and frailty. Two reviewers assessed the quality of the included cohort studies. Furthermore, we examined whether body composition as a risk factor for frailty varies depending on the participant's place of residence. Of the 3871 retrieved studies, 77 were ultimately included, 7 of which were cohort studies. The risk-of-bias evaluation in each cohort study showed that all studies had at least one concern. Low lean mass, waist circumference-defined abdominal obesity, and bone mineral density were significantly associated with frailty in the cohort studies. The results of bone mineral density were conflicted in the cross-sectional studies. Considering the participants' place of residence, a significant association between lower-extremity muscle mass and frailty was demonstrated, particularly among Asian residents. Low lean mass and abdominal obesity were likely risk factors for frailty. These results could be useful for developing frailty prevention strategies and could have a positive impact on individual health management. Further, future studies are needed because body composition affecting frailty may differ by race.

Multimorbidity and Depression Increase Prevalence of Frailty of Community-dwelling Indonesian Older Adults: Indonesia Care Networks Study

Background

Older adults with frailty have an increased risk of multiple negative health outcomes, such as disability, falls, and morbidity when exposed to physical stressors. The present study investigated the prevalence of frailty and associated risk factors among community-dwelling Indonesian older adults in several districts in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was done in several urban villages in Jakarta, Indonesia. It involved community-dwelling Indonesian older adults aged 60 and over. Sociodemographic and multiple health data were assessed and measured by a trained interviewer. Frailty was evaluated using Fried's criteria.

Results

The data analysis found a 14.7% prevalence of frailty among 518 participants. Multivariate analysis showed that frailty was independently associated with females (OR 3.62, 95% CI: 1.73-7.55), having multimorbidity (OR 2.01, 95% CI: 1.21-3.35), and clinical depression (OR 2.13, 95% CI: 1.24-3.65).

Conclusions

Early interventions in younger older adults, especially women in their early 50s or 60s, might decrease frailty risk over age 60. Controlling chronic disease and better mental education and support to reduce depression risk could reduce frailty risk.

Analysis of the potential profile and influencing factors for oral frailty in olderly patients with dental implants

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the current state of oral frailty in oldely patients with require dental implants, analyze influencing factors in the characteristics of oral frailty across different patient categories, and provide a reference for clinical staff to identify high-risk groups and develop proactive management strategies.

METHODS

Between January 2024 and March 2024, 654 patients with dental implants were selected using convenience sampling from six secondary and tertiary stomatological hospitals in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Data were collected via a general information questionnaire and the Oral Frailty Index-8. The latent profiles of oral frailty were examined, and univariate and Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the impact of various factors on these profiles.

RESULTS

In this cross-sectional study, 605 valid questionnaires were returned, yielding an effective rate of 92.58%. The mean oral frailty score was 6.64 ± 1.21, with the sample comprising 223 males and 382 females, averaging 72.54 ± 6.33 years old. Oral frailty was categorized into three latent profiles: high (20.50%), moderate (53.72%), and low (25.78%) frailty groups. Factor analysis indicated that age, gender, education level, family income, number of implants, and dyslipidemia significantly predicted the classification of these profiles (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Oral frailty in oldely patients with dental implants exhibits heterogeneity and is influenced by age, sex, education level, family income, number of implants, and dyslipidemia. Clinical staff should recognize the characteristics of different patient categories and implement proactive measures for those at high risk of oral frailty to enhance their quality of life.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Physical Activity for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Elderly

Cardiovascular diseases create an important burden on the public health systems, especially in the elderly, mostly because this group of patients frequently suffer from multiple comorbidities. Accumulating cardiovascular risk factors during their lifetime has a detrimental effect on an older adult's health status. The modifiable and non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factors are very diverse, and are frequently in a close relationship with the metabolic comorbidities of the elderly, mainly obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. In this review, we aim to present the most important cardiovascular risk factors which link aging and cardiovascular diseases, starting from the pathophysiological links between these factors and the aging process. Next, we will further review the main interconnections between obesity and Diabetes Mellitus and cardiovascular diseases of the elderly. Lastly, we consider the most important aspects related to prevention through lifestyle changes and physical activity on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.

A Simple Risk Score Based on Routine Clinical Parameters Can Predict Frailty in Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients

Frailty syndrome (FS) has recently attracted attention as one of the major predictors of heart failure (HF) course severity. We aimed to develop a simple tool for predicting frailty in hospitalized HF patients using routine clinical parameters. A total of 153 hospitalized patients diagnosed with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were included in the study. Presence of FS was assessed with the SHARE-FI questionnaire. Clinical and biochemical parameters were collected. Using ROC curves and logistic regression analysis, a model predicting FS presence was developed and tested. Proposed model includes five variables with following cut-off values (1 point for each variable): age > 50 years, systolic pressure on admission < 110 mmHg, total cholesterol < 4.85 mmol/L, bilirubin ≥ 15.5 mmol/L, and alanine aminotransferase ≤ 34 U/L. Receiving 5 points was considered a high risk of FS with positive and negative predictive values (NPV), 83% and 72%, respectively, and specificity of 97%. Awarding 2 points or less ruled out FS in the studied group with negative predictive value 94%. The presented novel, simple score predicts FS in HFrEF patients with routine clinical parameters and has good positive and negative predictive values.