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Jackson J, Anderson JE, Maben J. What is nursing work? A meta-narrative review and integrated framework. Int J Nurs Stud 2021; 122:103944. [PMID: 34325358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is ample evidence that modern nurses are under strain and that interventions to support the nursing workforce have not recognised the complexity inherent in nursing work. Creating a modern model of nursing work may assist nurses in developing workable solutions to professional problems. A new model may also foster cohesion among broad and diverse nursing roles. AIM The aim of this meta-narrative review was to investigate how researchers, using different methods and theoretical approaches, have contributed to the understanding of nursing work. METHODS A meta-narrative review was done to evaluate the trajectory of nursing work research, from 1953 to present. This review progressed through the stages of planning, searching, mapping, appraisal, and synthesis. FINDINGS A total of 121 articles were included in this meta-narrative review. These articles revealed five narratives of nursing work, where work is conceptualised as labour. These narratives were physical labour (n = 14), emotional (n = 53), cognitive (n = 24), and organisational (n = 1), and combinations of more than one type of labour (n = 29 articles). The paradigms identified in the meta-narrative were the positivist, interpretive, critical, and evidence-based paradigms. Each article in the review corresponded with a paradigm and a labour narrative, creating a comprehensive model. CONCLUSIONS Nursing work can be understood as a model of physical, emotional, cognitive, and organisational labour. These different types of labour may be hidden and taken for granted. Nurses can use this model to articulate what they do and how it supports patient safety. Nurses can also advocate for staffing allocations that consider all types of nursing labour. Tweetable abstract Nursing work is complex and includes physical, emotional, cognitive, and organisational labour. Staffing needs to take all nursing labour into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jackson
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King's College London, James Clerk Maxwell Building, 57 Waterloo Road, London, SE1 8WA UK.
| | - Janet E Anderson
- Professor of Quality of Care for Older People, School of Health Sciences, City, University of London, Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB UK.
| | - Jill Maben
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Duke of Kent Building, Guildford, GU2 7XH UK.
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Mbeya Munkhondya TE, Smyth RMD, Lavender T. Facilitators and barriers to retention in care under universal antiretroviral therapy (Option B+) for the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT): A narrative review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2021.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Rumbwere Dube BN, Marshall TP, Ryan RP, Omonijo M. Predictors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in primary care among adults living in developed countries: a systematic review. Syst Rev 2018; 7:82. [PMID: 29859533 PMCID: PMC5985063 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is important because antiretroviral therapies are more effective if infected individuals are diagnosed early. Diagnosis of HIV relies on laboratory testing and determining the demographic and clinical characteristics of undiagnosed HIV-infected patients may be useful in identifying patients for testing. This systematic review aims to identify characteristics of HIV-infected adults prior to diagnosis that could be used in a prediction model for early detection of patients for HIV testing in UK primary care. METHODS The population of interest was adults aged ≥ 18 years in developed countries. The exposures were demographic, socio-economic or clinical characteristics associated with the outcome, laboratory confirmed HIV/AIDS infection. Observational studies with a comparator group were included in the systematic review. Electronic searches for articles from January 1995 to April 2016 were conducted on online databases of EMBASE, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library and grey literature. Two reviewers selected studies for inclusion. A checklist was developed for quality assessment, and a data extraction form was created to collate data from selected studies. RESULTS Full-text screening of 429 articles identified 17 cohort and case-control studies, from 26,819 retrieved articles. Demographic and socio-economic characteristics associated with HIV infection included age, gender and measures of deprivation. Lifestyle choices identified were drug use, binge-drinking, number of lifetime partners and having a partner with risky behaviour. Eighteen clinical features and comorbid conditions identified in this systematic review are included in the 51 conditions listed in the British HIV Association guidelines. Additional clinical features and comorbid conditions identified but not specified in the guidelines included hyperlipidemia, hypertension, minor trauma and diabetes. CONCLUSION This systematic review consolidates existing scientific evidence on characteristics of HIV-infected individuals that could be used to inform decision making in prognostic model development. Further exploration of availability of some of the demographic and behavioural predictors of HIV, such as ethnicity, number of lifetime partners and partner characteristics, in primary care records will be required to determine whether they can be applied in the prediction model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom P. Marshall
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Ronan P. Ryan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Modupe Omonijo
- Public Health England, Health and Wellbeing Directorate, London, UK
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Chikhradze N, Knecht C, Metzing S. Young carers: growing up with chronic illness in the family - a systematic review 2007-2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40639-017-0041-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wendsche J, Ghadiri A, Bengsch A, Wegge J. Antecedents and outcomes of nurses' rest break organization: A scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud 2017; 75:65-80. [PMID: 28750245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prevent an accumulation of strain during work and to reduce error risk, many countries have made rest breaks mandatory. In the nursing literature, insufficient rest break organization is often reported. However, the outcomes of nurses' rest break organization and its anteceding factors are less clear. DATA SOURCES We searched for academic literature on nurses' rest break organization in electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, CINAHL). REVIEW METHODS Our search yielded 93 potentially relevant articles published between 01/1990 and 04/2016. The final sample in our scoping review consisted of 36 publications and included data from 35 independent and international study samples and two reviews. RESULTS Several studies reported a high prevalence of missed, interrupted, or delayed rest breaks in nursing. Nurses' rest breaks often related to better physical and mental well-being but did not affect motivational outcomes and performance systematically. Results on the effects of napping breaks were inconsistent. Rest break activities and high quality rest break areas are further factors that relieve nurses from job demands and can be helpful in coping with them. Several study results indicated that temporal and quantitative work demands, job resources, and individual characteristics influence rest break organization. However, most of these findings stem from studies that do not allow causal conclusions to be drawn. CONCLUSIONS Well-designed rest breaks influence nurses' occupational well-being and behavior positively. However, the mechanisms and moderating break-, work-, and person-related factors involved in producing these effects are not well understood today. Thus, further theory building and stronger empirical data are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wendsche
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Argang Ghadiri
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, St. Augustin, Germany
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Mbuagbaw L, Cockburn L. Challenges and opportunities in country-specific research synthesis: a case study from Cameroon. Syst Rev 2017; 6:159. [PMID: 28789669 PMCID: PMC5549358 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0552-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research synthesis is an important approach to summarizing a body of literature. Usually, the goal is to determine the effectiveness of an intervention, to determine the strength of association between two factors, to determine the prevalence of a condition, or to scope the literature. Research synthesis methods can also be used to appraise the quantity and quality of research output from institutions or countries. In the latter case, standard quantitative systematic review methodologies would not apply and investigators must borrow strategies from qualitative syntheses and bibliometric analyses to develop a complete and meaningful appraisal of the literature from a given country. METHODS In this paper, we use the example of Cameroon to highlight some of the challenges and opportunities of appraising a body of country-specific literature. A comprehensive and exhaustive search of the literature was conducted to identify health-related literature from Cameroon published from 2005 to 2014. Titles were screened in duplicate. RESULTS A total of 8624 studies were retrieved of which 721 were retained. The main challenges were making a choice of synthesis approach; selecting the right databases, data storage and management; and sustaining the team. Key opportunities include enhanced networking, a detailed appraisal of funding sources, international collaborations, language of publication, and issues with study design. The product is a comprehensive and informative body of evidence that can be used to inform policy with regards to international collaboration, location of research studies, language of publication, knowledge areas of focus, and gaps. CONCLUSION Knowledge synthesis approaches can be adapted for appraisal of country-specific research and offer opportunities for in-depth appraisal of research output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Mbuagbaw
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada. .,Centre for the Development of Best Practices in Health, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Lynn Cockburn
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,International Centre for Disability and Rehabilitation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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The effects of massage therapy in hospitalized preterm neonates: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud 2017; 69:119-136. [PMID: 28235686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to identify, evaluate and summarise studies on the administration of therapeutic massage to preterm neonates during their stay in the NICU, and to assess their methodological quality. DESIGN systematic review following PRISMA statements guidelines. DATA SOURCES A comprehensive search was performed including relevant articles between January 2004 and December 2013, using the following electronic databases: Medline, PEDro, Web of Science and Scopus. REVIEW METHODS Two reviewers conducted a review of the selected articles: one evaluated the methodological quality of the studies and performed data extraction and the other performed a cross-check. Divergences of opinion were resolved by discussion with a third reviewer. The studies reviewed implemented a wide variety of interventions and evaluation methods, and therefore it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. The following data were extracted from each article: year of publication, study design, participants and main measurements of outcomes obtained through the intervention. A non-quantitative synthesis of the extracted data was performed. Level of evidence was graded using the Jadad Scale. RESULTS A total of 23 articles met the inclusion criteria and were thus included in the review; these presented a methodological quality ranging from 1 to 5 points (with a mean of 3 points). Most studies reported that the administration of various forms of therapeutic massage exerted a beneficial effect on factors related to the growth of preterm infants. The causes indicated by the researchers for these anthropometric benefits included increased vagal activity, increased gastric activity and increased serum insulin levels. Other demonstrated benefits of massage therapy when administered to hospitalised preterm infants included better neurodevelopment, a positive effect on brain development, a reduced risk of neonatal sepsis, a reduction in length of hospital stay and reduced neonatal stress. CONCLUSIONS Although based on a qualitative analysis of heterogeneous data, the present review suggests that a clear benefit is obtained from the administration of massage therapy in hospitalised preterm infants, a finding which should encourage the more generalised use of massotherapy in NICU clinical practice.
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Rumbwere Dube BN, Marshall TP, Ryan RP. Predictors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in primary care: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2016; 5:158. [PMID: 27646712 PMCID: PMC5029066 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-016-0333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiretroviral therapies for human immunodeficiency virus are more effective if infected individuals are diagnosed early, before they have irreversible immunologic damage. A large proportion of patients that are diagnosed with HIV, in United Kingdom, would have seen a general practitioner (GP) within the previous year. Determining the demographic and clinical characteristics of HIV-infected patients prior to diagnosis of HIV may be useful in identifying patients likely to be HIV positive in primary care. This could help inform a strategy of early HIV testing in primary care. This systematic review aims to identify characteristics of HIV-infected adults prior to diagnosis that could be used in a prediction model for early detection of HIV in primary care. METHODS The systematic review will search for literature, mainly observational (cohort and case-control) studies, with human participants aged 18 years and over. The exposures are demographic, socio-economic or clinical risk factors or characteristics associated with HIV infection. The comparison group will be patients with no risk factors or no comparison group. The outcome is laboratory-confirmed HIV/AIDS infection. Evidence will be identified from electronic searches of online databases of EMBASE, MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library and grey literature search engines of Open Grey, Web of Science Conference Proceedings Citation Index and examination of reference lists from selected studies (reference searching). Two reviewers will be involved in quality assessment and data extraction of the review. A data extraction form will be developed to collate data from selected studies. A checklist for quality assessment will be adapted from the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). DISCUSSION This systematic review will identify and consolidate existing scientific evidence on characteristics of HIV infected individuals that could be used to inform decision-making in prognostic model development. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42016042427.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom P. Marshall
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Ronan P. Ryan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
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Living a normal life in an extraordinary way: A systematic review investigating experiences of families of young people's transition into adulthood when affected by a genetic and chronic childhood condition. Int J Nurs Stud 2016; 62:44-59. [PMID: 27450665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The transition into adulthood is a developmental stage within the life cycle. A chronic childhood condition can disrupt this transition and create major challenges for both the young person and his or her family. Little is known about families' experiences when living with a rare genetic disease. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review was to understand experiences of families living with a chronic childhood disease during transition into adulthood by integrating evidence. METHOD A systematic review using an integrative approach to data inclusion and analysis comprising qualitative, quantitative and other methodological studies about a range of genetic and chronic childhood diseases was undertaken to identify relevant information. Databases searched were PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and AMED, using the search terms (1) family, caregivers, young adult, adolescent; (2) adolescent development, transitional programs, transition to adult care; (3) muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, cystic fibrosis, haemophilia and sickle cell disease. Study findings were critically appraised and analyzed using critical interpretive synthesis. RESULTS A total of 8116 citations were retrieved. 33 studies remained following the removal of duplicates, papers unrelated to genetic childhood conditions and families' experiences of the transition into adulthood. Findings provided three perspectives: (1) the young person's perspective on how to "live a normal life in an extraordinary way" and "manage a chronic and life threatening disease"; (2) the parent perspective on the "complexity of being a parent of a chronically ill child" and "concerns about the child's future" and (3) the sibling perspective on "concerns about the siblings future". As a consequence of the genetic childhood condition, during the ill family members' transition into adulthood all family members were at risk for psychosocial difficulties as they mutually influenced each other. Previous research focused predominately on the individual illness experience, and less emphasis was put on the family perspective. CONCLUSIONS Young people and their family members experienced multiple challenges and not only for the ill individual but also there were consequences and health risks for the whole family system. Therefore, a family systems perspective to research and care is indicated to assist affected families to cope with their complex life and health situation.
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Oulton K, Gibson F, Sell D, Williams A, Pratt L, Wray J. Assent for children's participation in research: why it matters and making it meaningful. Child Care Health Dev 2016; 42:588-97. [PMID: 27133591 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are gaps in the existing evidence base about assent, with conflicting and unhelpful views prevalent. We contend that appropriate assent is a valuable process that has important consequences for children's/young people's participation in research. Furthermore, there is a need for a model to support researchers in making decisions about who to assent and how to do this is a meaningful way. METHODS We undertook a scoping review of the literature to assess the body of opinion on assent in research with children/young people. An anonymous online survey was conducted to gather views from the wider community undertaking research with children/young people. We also sought to gather examples of current and effective practice that could be shared beyond the level of a single institution and our own experience. Survey participants included 48 health professionals with varied levels of experience, all actively involved in research with children. RESULTS Published work, the findings from the online survey and our knowledge as experienced researchers in the field have confirmed four domains that should be considered in order for assent to be meaningful and individualized: child-related factors, family dynamics, study design and complexity and researcher and organizational factors. Mapping these domains onto the three paradigm cases for decision-making around children and young people's assent/consent as recommended by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics has resulted in a model that will aid researchers in understanding the relationship between assent and consent and help them make decisions about when assent is appropriate. CONCLUSIONS The debate about assent needs to move away from terminology, definition and legal issues. It should focus instead on practical ways of supporting researchers to work in partnership with children, thus ensuring a more informed, voluntary and more robust and longer lasting commitment to research.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Oulton
- Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health Illness and Disability (ORCHID), London, England
| | - F Gibson
- Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health Illness and Disability (ORCHID), London, England.,Faculty of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, England
| | - D Sell
- Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health Illness and Disability (ORCHID), London, England
| | - A Williams
- Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health Illness and Disability (ORCHID), London, England
| | - L Pratt
- Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health Illness and Disability (ORCHID), London, England
| | - J Wray
- Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children's Health Illness and Disability (ORCHID), London, England
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Norman I. Ten years into the job: A nursing journal for the future. Int J Nurs Stud 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Anderson JE. Complex interventions and their implications for systematic reviews: Commentary on Petticrew et al. (2015). Int J Nurs Stud 2015; 52:1209-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thompson C. Sins of omission and commission in systematic reviews in nursing: A commentary on McRae et al. (2015). Int J Nurs Stud 2015; 52:1277-8. [PMID: 25851281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Thompson
- University of Leeds, School of Healthcare, Baines Wing, Leeds, England LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
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McCrae N, Blackstock M, Purssell E. Eligibility criteria in systematic reviews: A methodological review. Int J Nurs Stud 2015; 52:1269-76. [PMID: 25726430 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews of literature are increasingly important in healthcare. While reviewers are expected to follow reporting guidelines, inconsistencies may be observed in presentation of reviews, potentially detracting from the credibility of findings. Predetermined eligibility criteria are fundamental to the systematic process of reviewing, and should be given primacy in authors' reports. METHOD This methodological review assessed the specification and application of eligibility criteria in systematic reviews in three leading generic nursing journals. RESULTS While reporting guidelines were generally followed, major anomalies were revealed by this review. Over three-quarters of review papers placed eligibility criteria after description of the search strategy. Unjustified time restrictions were common, and many flowcharts omitted vital information. CONCLUSION Greater scrutiny of systematic reviews submitted to nursing journals would enhance the quality of reports and contribute to more robust evidence-based practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niall McCrae
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Marlene Blackstock
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Purssell
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, King's College London, United Kingdom
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Tramm R. To the readers of Heart & Lung. Heart Lung 2014; 43:577. [PMID: 25261938 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Tramm
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (DEPM), Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre (ANZIC RC), Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia.
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Blay N, Duffield CM, Gallagher R, Roche M. Methodological integrative review of the work sampling technique used in nursing workload research. J Adv Nurs 2014; 70:2434-49. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.12466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Blay
- Centre for Health Services Management (CHSM) Faculty of Health University of Technology Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Christine M. Duffield
- Centre for Health Services Management (CHSM) Faculty of Health University of Technology Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Robyn Gallagher
- Chronic & Complex Care Faculty of Health University of Technology Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre Sydney Nursing School The University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Michael Roche
- Centre for Health Services Management (CHSM) Faculty of Health University of Technology Sydney New South Wales Australia
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