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Wang T, Li H, Liu Y, Min X. Quantitative blood loss measurement methods for early detection of primary postpartum haemorrhage following vaginal birth: A scoping review. J Clin Nurs 2024. [PMID: 38764248 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.17216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM To map the commonly used quantitative blood loss measurement methods in clinical practice and provide a solid foundation for future studies. DESIGN AND METHOD This study adhered to the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews. We conducted a literature search using five databases to retrieve articles published between January 2012 and September 2022. The search was repeated on 29 February 2024. Data extraction and verification were carried out by two independent researchers using a self-designed data extraction form. RESULTS Ultimately, 26 studies published between 2012 and 2024 were considered eligible for inclusion. Six categories of methods were identified from the 26 articles. Among the included studies, only two involved randomized controlled trials, with the majority being observational studies. The World Health Organization (2012) version of the postpartum haemorrhage diagnostic criteria was predominantly used in most studies. Gravimetric and volumetric methods emerged as the most commonly used methods for quantifying postpartum haemorrhages. The timing of blood collection was inconsistent among the included studies. Only 12 studies mentioned measures for the management of amniotic fluid. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review supports the replacement of the visual estimation of blood loss with quantitative assessment methods. Supporting a specific assessment approach is not feasible due to the variability of the study. Future research should focus on establishing the best practices for specific quantitative methods to standardize the management of postpartum haemorrhage and reduce the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage-related adverse outcomes. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Healthcare professionals need to acknowledge the low accuracy of visual estimation methods and implement quantitative methods to assess postpartum blood loss. Given the limitations inherent in each assessment method, quantification of blood loss should be combined with assessment of maternal vital signs, physiologic indicators and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Department of Nursing, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Nursing, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Delivery Unit, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongkuo Min
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Madar H, Sentilhes L, Deneux-Tharaux C. Importance of the time sequence between measurement of the predictor and the predicted outcome. Int J Obstet Anesth 2024; 58:103991. [PMID: 38580609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2024.103991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Madar
- Université Paris Cité, Women's Health IHM, U1153, Centre of Research In Epidemiology and Statistics, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology EPOPé Research Team, INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Loïc Sentilhes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Deneux-Tharaux
- Université Paris Cité, Women's Health IHM, U1153, Centre of Research In Epidemiology and Statistics, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology EPOPé Research Team, INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France
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Madar H, Deneux-Tharaux C, Sentilhes L. Shock index as a predictor of postpartum haemorrhage after vaginal delivery: Secondary analysis of a multicentre randomised controlled trial. BJOG 2024; 131:343-352. [PMID: 37555480 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the shock index (SI) distribution during the first 2 hours after delivery and to evaluate its performance when measured 15 and 30 minutes after delivery for predicting postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) occurrence in the general population of parturients after vaginal delivery. DESIGN Secondary analysis of a multicentre randomised controlled trial testing prophylactic administration of tranexamic acid versus placebo in addition to prophylactic oxytocin to prevent PPH. SETTING 15 French maternity units in 2015-2016. SAMPLE 3891 women with a singleton live fetus ≥35 weeks, born vaginally. METHODS For each PPH-related predicted outcome, we calculated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values of the SI at 15 and 30 minutes after delivery and its predictive performance for SI cut-off values of 0.7, 0.9 and 1.1. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Quantitative blood loss ≥1000 ml (QBL ≥1000 ml) measured in a graduated collector bag and provider-assessed clinically significant PPH (cPPH). RESULTS Prevalence of QBL ≥1000 ml and cPPH was respectively 2.7% (104/3839) and 9.1% (354/3891). The distributions of the SI at 15 and 30 minutes after delivery were similar with a median value of 0.73 and 97th percentile of 1.11 for both. The AUROC values of the 15-minute SI for discriminating QBL ≥1000 ml and cPPH were respectively 0.66 (lower limit of the 95% confidence interval [LCI] 0.60) and 0.56 (LCI 0.52); and for the 30-minute SI 0.68 (LCI 0.61) and 0.49 (LCI 0.43). CONCLUSIONS The shock index at 15 and 30 minutes after delivery did not satisfactorily predict either QBL ≥1000 ml or clinical PPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Madar
- Université Paris Cité, Women's Health IHM, U1153, Centre of Research In Epidemiology and Statistics, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology EPOPé Research Team, INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Catherine Deneux-Tharaux
- Université Paris Cité, Women's Health IHM, U1153, Centre of Research In Epidemiology and Statistics, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Paediatric Epidemiology EPOPé Research Team, INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Loïc Sentilhes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
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Madar H, Deneux-Tharaux C, Froeliger A, Bouchghoul H, Sentilhes L. [H. Madar, C. Deneux-Tharaux, A. Froeliger, H. Bouchghoul, L. Sentilhes in reply to the article R Cahierc et al. entitled « Evolution of the obstetrical Shock Index in post-partum haemorrhage according to the use of sulprostone». Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2023; 51(10): Doi: 10.1016/j.gofs.2023.08.001]. GYNECOLOGIE, OBSTETRIQUE, FERTILITE & SENOLOGIE 2023; 51:545-546. [PMID: 37703918 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Madar
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Bordeaux, place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Université Paris Cité, épidémiologie obstétricale périnatale et pédiatrique (EPOPé), Centre de recherche épidémiologie et statistiques U1153, Inserm, INRAE, Paris, France.
| | - Catherine Deneux-Tharaux
- Université Paris Cité, épidémiologie obstétricale périnatale et pédiatrique (EPOPé), Centre de recherche épidémiologie et statistiques U1153, Inserm, INRAE, Paris, France
| | - Alizée Froeliger
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Bordeaux, place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Hanane Bouchghoul
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Bordeaux, place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Loïc Sentilhes
- Service de gynécologie-obstétrique, centre hospitalier universitaire de Bordeaux, place Amélie Raba-Léon, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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Kietaibl S, Ahmed A, Afshari A, Albaladejo P, Aldecoa C, Barauskas G, De Robertis E, Faraoni D, Filipescu DC, Fries D, Godier A, Haas T, Jacob M, Lancé MD, Llau JV, Meier J, Molnar Z, Mora L, Rahe-Meyer N, Samama CM, Scarlatescu E, Schlimp C, Wikkelsø AJ, Zacharowski K. Management of severe peri-operative bleeding: Guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care: Second update 2022. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2023; 40:226-304. [PMID: 36855941 DOI: 10.1097/eja.0000000000001803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Management of peri-operative bleeding is complex and involves multiple assessment tools and strategies to ensure optimal patient care with the goal of reducing morbidity and mortality. These updated guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care (ESAIC) aim to provide an evidence-based set of recommendations for healthcare professionals to help ensure improved clinical management. DESIGN A systematic literature search from 2015 to 2021 of several electronic databases was performed without language restrictions. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies and to formulate recommendations. A Delphi methodology was used to prepare a clinical practice guideline. RESULTS These searches identified 137 999 articles. All articles were assessed, and the existing 2017 guidelines were revised to incorporate new evidence. Sixteen recommendations derived from the systematic literature search, and four clinical guidances retained from previous ESAIC guidelines were formulated. Using the Delphi process on 253 sentences of guidance, strong consensus (>90% agreement) was achieved in 97% and consensus (75 to 90% agreement) in 3%. DISCUSSION Peri-operative bleeding management encompasses the patient's journey from the pre-operative state through the postoperative period. Along this journey, many features of the patient's pre-operative coagulation status, underlying comorbidities, general health and the procedures that they are undergoing need to be taken into account. Due to the many important aspects in peri-operative nontrauma bleeding management, guidance as to how best approach and treat each individual patient are key. Understanding which therapeutic approaches are most valuable at each timepoint can only enhance patient care, ensuring the best outcomes by reducing blood loss and, therefore, overall morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION All healthcare professionals involved in the management of patients at risk for surgical bleeding should be aware of the current therapeutic options and approaches that are available to them. These guidelines aim to provide specific guidance for bleeding management in a variety of clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Kietaibl
- From the Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Evangelical Hospital Vienna and Sigmund Freud Private University Vienna, Austria (SK), Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust (AAh), Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, UK (AAh), Department of Paediatric and Obstetric Anaesthesia, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark (AAf), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (AAf), Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, CNRS/TIMC-IMAG UMR 5525/Themas, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France (PA), Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain (CA), Department of Surgery, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (GB), Division of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, and Intensive Care - Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Italy (EDR), Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA (DFa), University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Disease, Bucharest, Romania (DCF), Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (DFr), Department of Anaesthesiology & Critical Care, APHP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France (AG), Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA (TH), Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, St.-Elisabeth-Hospital Straubing, Straubing, Germany (MJ), Department of Anaesthesiology, Medical College East Africa, The Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya (MDL), Department of Anaesthesiology & Post-Surgical Intensive Care, University Hospital Doctor Peset, Valencia, Spain (JVL), Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria (JM), Department of Anesthesiology & Intensive Care, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary (ZM), Department of Anaesthesiology & Post-Surgical Intensive Care, University Trauma Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (LM), Department of Anaesthesiology & Intensive Care, Franziskus Hospital, Bielefeld, Germany (NRM), Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Perioperative Medicine, GHU AP-HP. Centre - Université Paris Cité - Cochin Hospital, Paris, France (CMS), Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest and University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania (ES), Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, AUVA Trauma Centre Linz and Ludwig Boltzmann-Institute for Traumatology, The Research Centre in Co-operation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria (CS), Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Roskilde, Denmark (AW) and Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine & Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany (KZ)
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Bláha J, Bartošová T. Epidemiology and definition of PPH worldwide. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 2022; 36:325-339. [PMID: 36513428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpa.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Postpartum/peripartum hemorrhage (PPH) is an obstetric emergency complicating 1-10% of all deliveries and is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. However, the incidence of PPH differs widely according to the definition and criteria used, the way of measuring postpartum blood loss, and the population being studied with the highest numbers in developing countries. Despite all the significant progress in healthcare, the incidence of PPH is rising due to an incomplete implementation of guidelines, resulting in treatment delays and suboptimal care. A consensus clinical definition of PPH is needed to enable awareness, early recognition, and initiation of appropriate intensive treatment. Unfortunately, the most used definition of PPH based on blood loss ≥500 ml after delivery suffers from inaccuracies in blood loss quantification and is not clinically relevant in most cases, as the amount of blood loss does not fully reflect the severity of bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bláha
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Tereza Bartošová
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U Nemocnice 2, 128 08, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Makino Y, Miyake K, Okada A, Ikeda Y, Okada Y. Predictive accuracy of the shock index for severe postpartum hemorrhage in high-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2022; 48:2027-2037. [PMID: 35661488 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM The shock index has been suggested as a screening tool for predicting postpartum hemorrhage (PPH); however, there is little comprehensive evidence regarding its predictive accuracy. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to investigate the predictive accuracy of the shock index for severe PPH in high-income countries. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted on MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science (from inception to June 2021). Studies assessing the predictive performance of the shock index for PPH in high-income countries were included. Two or more reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias and applicability concerns using the modified Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. PPH requiring higher-level care, such as blood transfusions, were considered as primary analyses. We described the hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic curve for data synthesis. RESULTS Nine studies were included after the eligibility assessment. All studies were considered to either have a high risk of bias or high applicability concerns. The sensitivity of the four studies that defined severe PPH as PPH requiring blood transfusion ranged from 0.51 to 0.80, whereas their specificity ranged from 0.33 to 0.92. CONCLUSIONS This review shows that the predictive performance of the shock index for severe PPH is inconsistent. Therefore, the evidence for using the shock index alone as a screening tool for PPH in high-income countries is insufficient. STUDY REGISTRATION This review was prospectively registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000044230).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Makino
- Department of Preventive Services, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kentaro Miyake
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Asami Okada
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, Japanese Red Cross Society Kyoto Daini Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yumie Ikeda
- Department of Health Informatics, Kyoto University School of Public Health, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Preventive Services, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Primary Care and Emergency Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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