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Gupta S, Gupta SK, Mittal A, Passi D, Goyal J. Effect of preoperative ibuprofen on pain after lower third molar removal: A randomized controlled trial. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2023; 14:294-299. [PMID: 37661996 PMCID: PMC10474544 DOI: 10.4103/njms.njms_316_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of the study is to predict the effect of preemptive analgesics in the third molar surgery and to analyze whether the number and frequency of postoperative analgesics are reduced following the administration of preemptive analgesics. Materials and Methods The present study was carried out on 50 patients who reported to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery for removal of their impacted mandibular third molar. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 25 patients each - Group A (test group) patients receiving ibuprofen (400 mg) half an hour before the surgery and placebo half an hour after surgery and the Group B (control group) patients receiving placebo half an hour before the surgery and ibuprofen (400 mg) half an hour after surgery. Both groups of patients will be instructed to avoid any drug but those prescribed (ibuprofen 400 mg SOS and rescue medication of tramadol 50 mg SOS) and not to seek any medical help elsewhere for postoperative problems. The pain was recorded using a visual analog scale. Results Demographic data in the study show females (8%) and male (92%) patients. The average time taken for surgery was more in the control group (58.36 min) as compared to the test group (55.64 min) with no statistically significant difference. Values of pain score, medication score, number of rescue medication, and frequency at different time intervals (at baseline, after 3 h, 6 h, 24 h, and 7 days) are expressed in terms of mean and standard deviation, respectively, and the result shows the statistically significant difference for pain score at baseline and 7th-day time interval only. The distribution of different types of impaction and different types of elevation/odontotomy shows a significant association in test and control groups. Conclusion Preoperative ibuprofen decreases the frequency and intensity of the pain. We believe that since this preoperative ibuprofen seems to be beneficial without any adverse effects, it may be used routinely in the 3rd molar surgeries and even in routine extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Gupta
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, DJ College of Dental Sciences and Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | | | - Ankur Mittal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, DJ College of Dental Sciences and Research, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Deepak Passi
- Department of Dentistry, CHC Mirzapur, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Jyoti Goyal
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India
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Al Hujran TA, Magharbeh MK, Al-Gharabli S, Haddadin RR, Al Soub MN, Tawfeek HM. Studying the Complex Formation of Sulfonatocalix[4]naphthalene and Meloxicam towards Enhancing Its Solubility and Dissolution Performance. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13070994. [PMID: 34209201 PMCID: PMC8309163 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13070994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between meloxicam and sulfonatocalix [4] naphthalene was investigated to improve the meloxicam solubility and its dissolution performance. Solubility behavior was investigated in distilled water (DW) and at different pH conditions. Besides, solid systems were prepared in a 1:1 molar ratio using coevaporate, kneading, and simple physical mixture techniques. Further, they were characterized by PXRD, FT-IR, DCS, and TGA. In vitro dissolution rate for coevaporate, kneaded, and physical mixture powders were also investigated. Solubility study revealed that meloxicam solubility significantly increased about 23.99 folds at phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 in the presence of sulfonatocalix [4] naphthalene. The solubility phase diagram was classified as AL type, indicating the formation of 1:1 stoichiometric inclusion complex. PXRD, FT-IR, DCS, and TGA pointed out the formation of an inclusion complex between meloxicam and sulfonatocalix [4] naphthalene solid powders prepared using coevaporate technique. In addition, in vitro meloxicam dissolution studies revealed an improvement of the drug dissolution rate. Furthermore, a significantly higher drug release (p ≤ 0.05) and a complete dissolution was achieved during the first 10 min compared with the other solid powders and commercial meloxicam product. The coevaporate product has the highest increasing dissolution fold and RDR10 in the investigated media, with average values ranging from 5.4-65.28 folds and 7.3-90.7, respectively. In conclusion, sulfonatocalix [4] naphthalene is a promising host carrier for enhancing the solubility and dissolution performance of meloxicam with an anticipated enhanced bioavailability and fast action for acute and chronic pain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayel A. Al Hujran
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan; (M.K.M.); (R.R.H.); (M.N.A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +962-790-476-947
| | - Mousa K. Magharbeh
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan; (M.K.M.); (R.R.H.); (M.N.A.S.)
| | - Samer Al-Gharabli
- Pharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering Department, School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian University, Amman 11118, Jordan;
| | - Rula R. Haddadin
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan; (M.K.M.); (R.R.H.); (M.N.A.S.)
| | - Manal N. Al Soub
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan; (M.K.M.); (R.R.H.); (M.N.A.S.)
| | - Hesham M. Tawfeek
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;
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Preemptive use of oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for the relief of inflammatory events after surgical removal of lower third molars: A systematic review with meta-analysis of placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2020; 48:293-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2020.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Kaye AD, Novitch MB, Carlson SF, Fuller MC, White SW, Haroldson AR, Kaiser JA, Elkersh MA, Brunk AJ, Jeha GM, Cornett EM. The Role of Exparel Plus Meloxicam for Postoperative Pain Management. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2020; 24:6. [PMID: 32002676 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-020-0837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acute postoperative pain reduction is a major target against the opioid crisis. While opioids have traditionally been the mainstay for postoperative analgesia, current practice has focused on a multimodal approach to pain control, including ultrasound-guided blocks with longer acting local anesthetic agents. RECENT FINDINGS Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as meloxicam, are an important class of medications utilized to manage pain in the perioperative period. An additional treatment used in perioperative or postoperative pain relief is Exparel, a bupivacaine (sodium channel blocker) liposomal injectable suspension with a 3-4-day duration of action. The long-acting mechanism and formulation of Exparel consistently has demonstrated decreased opioid use and pain scores in patients undergoing many different surgical procedures. A concern is that pH negatively alters the efficacy of bupivacaine, as in cases of inflamed tissue and acidic fluid pH. For this reason, a combination medication with both meloxicam and bupivacaine has been developed, which normalizes pH and has anti-inflammatory and anti-pain conduction properties. Clinical studies demonstrate that this combination agent can be extremely beneficial in treating postoperative pain. This manuscript summarizes the newest developments with regard to liposomal bupivacaine and the non-steroidal meloxicam, their roles in effective treatment of postoperative pain, contraindications, special considerations of using these medications, and future considerations. HTX-011 pairs up a new extended-release formulation of the local anesthetic bupivacaine with meloxicam, a well-established non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan David Kaye
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neurosciences, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Matthew B Novitch
- University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Sam F Carlson
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Wauwatosa, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Mitchell C Fuller
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Wauwatosa, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Shane W White
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Wauwatosa, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Alexander R Haroldson
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Wauwatosa, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jennifer A Kaiser
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 8701 W Watertown Plank Rd, Wauwatosa, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Mohamed A Elkersh
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Room 656, 1542 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Andrew J Brunk
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Room 656, 1542 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - George M Jeha
- LSU School of Medicine, New Orleans, and Research Associate, Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Room 656, 1542 Tulane Ave., New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Elyse M Cornett
- Department of Anesthesiology, LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA.
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Yuan Y, Cui D, Zhang Y. Preemptive meloxicam achieves a better effect on postoperative pain control and similar tolerance compared with postoperative meloxicam in patients receiving arthroscopic knee surgery. Inflammopharmacology 2019; 27:1091-1100. [PMID: 31254137 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-019-00614-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of very early preemptive meloxicam, early preemptive meloxicam, and postoperative meloxicam administration for postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing arthroscopic knee surgery (AKS). Three hundred and six patients about to receive AKS were consecutively enrolled in this randomized, controlled study and randomly allocated into three groups: very early analgesia (VEA) group, early analgesia (EA) group, and postoperative analgesia (PA) group. Pain visual analog scale (VAS) score at rest and at flexion, patient global assessment (PGA) score, consumption of rescue pethidine, and adverse events (AEs) were assessed. Pain VAS score and severity at rest/flexion were all decreased in the VEA group compared with EA group and PA group at 4 h post-operation and were also reduced in the VEA and EA groups compared with the PA group at 8 h and 12 h post-operation. PGA score was lower in the VEA group compared with the EA group and PA group at 4 h post-operation, and was attenuated in the VEA group and the EA group compared with the PA group at 8 h, 12 h, and 24 h post-operation as well. Consumption of rescue pethidine was less in the VEA group than that in the PA group. In addition, no difference in the incidence of AEs was found among the VEA, EA, and PA groups. In conclusion, preemptive meloxicam is more effective in postoperative pain control and equally tolerated compared with postoperative meloxicam in patients receiving AKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Dan Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Daqing Longnan Hospital, 35 Aiguo Road, Ranghu Road District, Daqing, 163453, China.
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Investigation of Drug–Polymer Miscibility and Solubilization on Meloxicam Binary Solid Dispersion. J Pharm Innov 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-019-09378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Viscusi ER, Gan TJ, Bergese S, Singla N, Mack RJ, McCallum SW, Du W, Hobson S. Intravenous meloxicam for the treatment of moderate to severe acute pain: a pooled analysis of safety and opioid-reducing effects. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2019; 44:360-368. [PMID: 30737315 DOI: 10.1136/rapm-2018-100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To describe the safety and tolerability of intravenous meloxicam compared with placebo across all phase II/III clinical trials. METHODS Safety data and opioid use from subjects with moderate to severe postoperative pain who received ≥1 dose of intravenous meloxicam (5-60 mg) or placebo in 1 of 7 studies (4 phase II; 3 phase III) were pooled. Data from intravenous meloxicam 5 mg, 7.5 mg and 15 mg groups were combined (low-dose subset). RESULTS A total of 1426 adults (86.6% white; mean age: 45.8 years) received ≥1 dose of meloxicam IV; 517 (77.6% white; mean age: 46.7 years) received placebo. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in intravenous meloxicam and placebo-treated subjects was 47% and 57%, respectively. The most commonly reported TEAEs across treatment groups (intravenous meloxicam 5-15 mg, 30 mg, 60 mg and placebo, respectively) were nausea (4.3%, 20.8%, 5.8% and 25.3%), headache (1.5%, 5.6%, 1.6% and 10.4%), vomiting (2.8%, 4.6%, 1.6% and 7.4%) and dizziness (0%, 3.5%, 1.1% and 4.8%). TEAE incidence was generally similar in subjects aged >65 years with impaired renal function and the general population. Similar rates of cardiovascular events were reported between treatment groups. One death was reported (placebo group; unrelated to study drug). There were 35 serious adverse events (SAEs); intravenous meloxicam 15 mg (n=5), intravenous meloxicam 30 mg (n=15) and placebo (n=15). The SAEs in meloxicam-treated subjects were determined to be unrelated to study medication. Six subjects withdrew due to TEAEs, including three treated with intravenous meloxicam (rash, localized edema and postprocedural pulmonary embolism). In trials where opioid use was monitored, meloxicam reduced postoperative rescue opioid use. CONCLUSIONS Intravenous meloxicam was generally well tolerated in subjects with moderate to severe postoperative pain. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS NCT01436032, NCT00945763, NCT01084161, NCT02540265, NCT02678286, NCT02675907 and NCT02720692.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene R Viscusi
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tong J Gan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Sergio Bergese
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Neil Singla
- Lotus Clinical Research, Pasadena, California, USA
| | | | | | - Wei Du
- Clinical Statistics Consulting, Blue Bell, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sue Hobson
- Recro Pharma Inc, Malvern, Pennsylvania, USA
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Sadik OA, Yazgan I, Eroglu O, Liu P, Olsen ST, Moser AM, Sander PG, Tsiagbe C, Harada K, Bajwa S, Tvetenstrand CD, Yin L, Gerhardstein P. Objective clinical pain analysis using serum cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in American patients. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 484:278-283. [PMID: 29885320 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a multidimensional condition of multiple origins. Determining both intensity and underlying cause are critical for effective management. Utilization of painkillers does not follow any guidelines relying on biomarkers, which effectively eliminates objective treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of serum cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as pain biomarkers. This work could significantly advance the diagnosis and treatment of pain. METHODS We assessed the potential utility of serum COX-2 and iNOS as objective measures of pain in a sample of American patients. Pain was scaled between level 0-5 in accordance with the level reported by the patients. Blood samples were collected from 102 patients in the emergency room. Sandwich ELISA was used to determine the COX-2 and iNOS levels in the blood serum while statistical analysis was performed using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients, Regression and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analyses. The biomarker results were also compared with self-reports of pain by the patients using conventional pain ratings and patients were asked to report the cause of the pain. Pain levels were clustered into four groups as 0 [self-reported 0], 1 [self-reported as 1], 2 [self-reported as 2 and 3] and 3 [self-reported as 4 and 5]. Co-expression of COX-2 and iNOS could significantly alter pain development and its sensitization. Therefore, iNOS dependent COX-2 levels were employed as categorized level. RESULTS Self-reported pain levels did not show a correlation with the serum level of COX-2 and iNOS. The lack of correlation is attributed to multiple reasons including patients' intake of painkillers prior to participation, painkiller intake habit, chronic diseases, and subjectivity of self-reported pain. Increased serum COX-2 levels were reported in relation to the subtypes of these health issues. Further, 83% of the patients who reported pain also showed the presence of COX-2 in serum, while only 53% of the patients showed the presence of iNOS in serum. Moderate relation was found between the clustered pain level and categorized COX-2 and iNOS- levels. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the requirement of further studies to use COX-2 and iNOS as prognostic biomarkers for objective quantification of pain at the clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omowunmi A Sadik
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research in Advanced Sensing Technologies & Environmental Sustainability (CREATES), SUNY-Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, United States.
| | - Idris Yazgan
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research in Advanced Sensing Technologies & Environmental Sustainability (CREATES), SUNY-Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Orhan Eroglu
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Sarah T Olsen
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Alecia M Moser
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Phillip G Sander
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research in Advanced Sensing Technologies & Environmental Sustainability (CREATES), SUNY-Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Courage Tsiagbe
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research in Advanced Sensing Technologies & Environmental Sustainability (CREATES), SUNY-Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Kei Harada
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Research in Advanced Sensing Technologies & Environmental Sustainability (CREATES), SUNY-Binghamton, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Saeed Bajwa
- SUNY Upstate Medical University at Syracuse and Clinical Campus at Binghamton, United States; United Health Services Hospital, Johnson City, NY, United States
| | | | - Lijun Yin
- Department of Computer Science, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Peter Gerhardstein
- Department of Psychology, Binghamton University-SUNY, Binghamton, NY, United States
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Shoormeij Z, Taheri A, Homayouni A. Preparation and physicochemical characterization of meloxicam orally fast disintegration tablet using its solid dispersion. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902017000400176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Song Q, Shen C, Shen B, Lian W, Liu X, Dai B, Yuan H. Development of a fast dissolving sublingual film containing meloxicam nanocrystals for enhanced dissolution and earlier absorption. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Aoyama T, Ishida Y, Kaneko M, Miyamoto A, Saito Y, Tohkin M, Kawai S, Matsumoto Y. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Meloxicam in East Asian Populations: The Role of Ethnicity on Drug Response. CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 6:823-832. [PMID: 29024493 PMCID: PMC5744175 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to reanalyze the differences in the pharmacokinetics (PKs) of meloxicam in East Asian populations based on a population approach using previously published data and to investigate the factors found in population PK analysis that affect the pharmacodynamics (PDs) of meloxicam. Population PK analysis was performed in 119 healthy male subjects (30 Japanese, 30 Chinese, 29 Korean, and 30 white) under strictly controlled trial conditions with regulated meals and a single lot of the drug. We found that CYP2C9 genotype and lean body mass were statistically significant predictors of clearance and volume of distribution, respectively. A statistical significant difference in the PK parameters between ethnic groups could not be identified. Simulations using PK/PD models showed that CYP2C9 genotype is the factor that affects the PDs of meloxicam. The genetic polymorphisms highlighted in this study would be beneficial for conducting clinical trials in East Asians with similar genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Aoyama
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Ishida
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan.,Clinical Pharmacology Strategy, Japan Medical and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Kaneko
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan.,Clinical Sciences Japan, Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aoi Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, National Institute of Health Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tohkin
- Division of Medicinal Safety Science, National Institute of Health Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kawai
- Department of Inflammation and Pain Control Research, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
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Ochi M, Kimura K, Kanda A, Kawachi T, Matsuda A, Yuminoki K, Hashimoto N. Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Characterization of Amorphous Solid Dispersion of Meloxicam with Enhanced Dissolution Property and Storage Stability. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:932-9. [PMID: 27435198 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) of meloxicam (MEL) for providing rapid onset of action. ASDs of MEL with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) K-30 (MEL/PVP), HPC-SSL (MEL/HPC), and Eudragit EPO (MEL/EPO) were prepared. The physicochemical properties were characterized by focusing on morphology, crystallinity, dissolution properties, stability, and the interaction of MEL with coexisting polymers. MEL/EPO was physicochemically stable after storage at 40°C/75% RH for 30 days. In contrast, recrystallization of MEL was observed in MEL/PVP and MEL/HPC at 40°C/50% RH for 30 days. Infrared spectroscopic studies and (1)H NMR analyses of MEL/EPO revealed that Eudragit EPO interacted with MEL and reduced intermolecular binding between MEL molecules. Intermolecular interaction of drug molecules is necessary for the formation of crystalline. Thus, the interaction of MEL with Eudragit EPO and interruption of the formation of supramolecular interaction between MEL molecules might lead to the inhibition of crystal growth of MEL. Of all the MEL solid dispersions prepared, MEL/EPO showed the largest improvement in dissolution behavior. Oral administration of MEL/EPO to rats showed rapid and enhanced MEL exposure with a 2.4-fold increase in bioavailability compared with crystalline MEL. Based on these findings, MEL/EPO was physicochemically stable and provided a rapid onset of action and enhanced bioavailability after oral administration.
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Analgesic efficacy of celecoxib in patients after oral surgery: special reference to time to onset of analgesia and duration of analgesic effect. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 20:265-71. [PMID: 27318821 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-016-0565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib is also used in the dental field for analgesia. However, there are few reports on the time to onset and duration of analgesia. We investigated the analgesic effect of celecoxib after oral surgery. METHODS A total of 138 patients undergoing unilateral mandibular third molar surgery under local anesthesia were enrolled. After surgery, the patients who felt pain and requested an analgesic were instructed to take celecoxib 400 mg and to record the time. Primary efficacy outcome measures were time to onset of analgesia. In addition, the conditions of pain at the time of taking celecoxib, at the onset time of analgesia, and 2 and 6 h after taking the drug were recorded. Pain assessments were evaluated using a 10-cm visual analog scale and four-point verbal rating score. These data were documented in the questionnaire forms handed to the patients and retrieved by post. RESULTS Effective responses without missing were returned from 103 patients. The median time to onset of the efficacy was 35 min. The pain scales at celecoxib administration was significantly higher compared with the time of onset of analgesia, 2 hours after administraton and 6 hours hours administration (P<0.05, respectively). The pain scales at the onset time of analgesia were significantly higher compared to that after 2 or 6 h of taking the drug (P<0.05, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in the pain scales between 2 and 6 h after taking the drug (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The analgesic effect of celecoxib was exhibited quickly and sustained after oral surgery.
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Orozco-Solís M, García-Ávalos Y, Pichardo-Ramírez C, Tobías-Azúa F, Zapata-Morales JR, Aragon-Martínez OH, Isiordia-Espinoza MA. Single dose of diclofenac or meloxicam for control of pain, facial swelling, and trismus in oral surgery. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2016; 21:e127-34. [PMID: 26615509 PMCID: PMC4765749 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.20925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative pain associated with removal of mandibular third molars has been documented from moderate to severe during the first 24 hours after surgery, with pain peaking between 6 and 8 hours when a conventional local anesthetic is used. Dental pain is largely inflammatory, and evidence-based medicine has shown that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the best analgesics for dental pain. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-trismus effect of a single dose of diclofenac and meloxicam after mandibular third molar extraction. Material and Methods A total of 36 patients were randomized into two treatment groups, each with 18 patients, using a series of random numbers: Group A, was administered 100 mg of diclofenac; and Group B, 15 mg of meloxicam. Drugs were administered orally 1 hour prior to surgery. We evaluated pain intensity, analgesic consumption, swelling, as well as trismus. Results The results of this study showed that patients receiving 15 mg of meloxicam had less postoperative pain (P=0.04) and better aperture than those receiving 100 mg of diclofenac (P=0.03). The meloxicam group presented less swelling than diclofenac group; however, significant statistical differences were not observed. Conclusions Data of this double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial demonstrated that patients receiving 15 mg of preoperative meloxicam had a better postoperative analgesia and anti-trismus effect compared with who were given 100 mg of diclofenac after third molar extractions. Key words:Diclofenac, meloxicam, dental pain, trismus, third molar surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Orozco-Solís
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Calle Zotoluca y Chinampas s/n, Fraccionamiento Calafia, C.P. 21040; Mexicali, México,
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15
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Zarif Najafi H, Oshagh M, Salehi P, Babanouri N, Torkan S. Comparison of the effects of preemptive acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and meloxicam on pain after separator placement: a randomized clinical trial. Prog Orthod 2015; 16:34. [PMID: 26467790 PMCID: PMC4605934 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-015-0104-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to evaluate and compare the effect of pre-procedural administration of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and meloxicam in reducing pain after separator placement. Methods Three hundred twenty-one patients who needed orthodontic treatment and aged above 15 were randomly assigned to one of the three study groups: group A: 650 mg acetaminophen, group B: 400 mg ibuprofen, and group C: 7.5 mg meloxicam. All subjects received a single dose of medication 1 h prior to separator placement. Using visual analog scale, patients recorded their pain perception during rest, fitting posterior teeth together, and chewing at time intervals of immediately, 2, 6, 24, and 48 h after separator placement. Results There was no significant difference between acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and meloxicam in post-separator placement pain control when administered 1 h before the procedure. In all the groups, at rest, pain level elevated after separator placement and reached its peak at 24 h and then subsided until 48 h. But during chewing and fitting of the posterior teeth, some of the groups reached a peak in pain at 48 h. No significant difference was found in pain experience between males and females. Conclusions Meloxicam can be used as an effective analgesic in orthodontic pain control considering it has less gastric side effects compared to the conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT2015041821828N1
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Affiliation(s)
- Hooman Zarif Najafi
- Orthodontic Research Center, Orthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | | | - Parisa Salehi
- Orthodontic Research Center, Orthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Neda Babanouri
- Orthodontic Research Center, Orthodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sepideh Torkan
- Orthodontics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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16
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Konuganti K, Rangaraj M, Elizabeth A. Pre-emptive 8 mg dexamethasone and 120 mg etoricoxib for pain prevention after periodontal surgery: A randomised controlled clinical trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2015; 19:474-6. [PMID: 26392703 PMCID: PMC4555812 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.153475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Several anti-inflammatory drugs have been used to reduce pain and discomfort after periodontal surgeries. This study evaluates the efficacy of using etoricoxib and dexamethasone for pain prevention after open-flap debridement surgery. In this study, 60 patients who were undergoing open flap debridment surgery were randomly assigned to receive a single dose preoperative medication 1 hour prior to surgery. The patients were divided into three groups. In Group 1, 20 patients were given placebo drug orally. In Group 2, 20 patients were given 8 mg Dexamethasone orally and in Group 3, 20 patients were given 120 mg Etoricoxib orally. Patients were instructed to complete a pain diary hourly for the first 8 hours after each surgery and three times a day on the following 3 days. The four point verbal rating scale (VRS 4) and Numerical rate scale were used to assess discomfort. Post-operative Assessment of Pain and Discomfort showed that persistent discomfort and pain were found to be more in the placebo group compared to dexamethasone and etoricoxib group. The adoption of a preemptive medication protocol using either etoricoxib or dexamethasone may be considered effective for pain and discomfort prevention after open-flap debridement surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kranti Konuganti
- Department of Periodontics, M. S. Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mani Rangaraj
- Department of Periodontics, M. S. Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjana Elizabeth
- Department of Periodontics, M. S. Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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17
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Ochi M, Kawachi T, Toita E, Hashimoto I, Yuminoki K, Onoue S, Hashimoto N. Development of nanocrystal formulation of meloxicam with improved dissolution and pharmacokinetic behaviors. Int J Pharm 2014; 474:151-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Herrera-Briones FJ, Prados Sánchez E, Reyes Botella C, Vallecillo Capilla M. Update on the use of corticosteroids in third molar surgery: systematic review of the literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2013; 116:e342-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2012.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have evaluated efficacy of diclofenac sodium as pre-emptive analgesia agent in a prospective triple blind placebo controlled randomized clinical trial in a patients undergoing third molar impaction surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Randomization of groups was done by randomization software and two groups were constituted one group receiving placebo pre operatively and then the drug for next five days while the other group was given diclofenac sodium pre operatively and then for five days. RESULTS Results were achieved with help of measurement of outcome variables like postoperative tenderness, swelling and trismus on a visual analogous scale (VAS) and other personalized scale. Collected data shows that there is a significant reduction in the score of postop tenderness in experimental group (P = 0.00), while there is a minimal difference between score of postoperative swelling and tenderness (P > 0.04). CONCLUSION So, we can conclude that use of diclofenac sodium as a preemptive analgesic agent is beneficial for better pain control in third molar impaction surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Shah
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Piparia, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Pre-emptive analgesia with the combination of tramadol plus meloxicam for third molar surgery: a pilot study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 50:673-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Development of Meloxicam Salts with Improved Dissolution and Pharmacokinetic Behaviors in Rats with Impaired Gastric Motility. Pharm Res 2012; 30:377-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0878-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Aznar-Arasa L, Harutunian K, Figueiredo R, Valmaseda-Castellón E, Gay-Escoda C. Effect of preoperative ibuprofen on pain and swelling after lower third molar removal: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 41:1005-9. [PMID: 22521671 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of preoperative and postoperative administration of ibuprofen after the surgical removal of impacted lower third molars. A triple-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 120 patients requiring the surgical removal of lower third molars was performed. The subjects were randomized into the experimental group (patients were administered 600 mg of ibuprofen (p.o.) 1h before the surgical procedure, followed by placebo just after the end of the operation) or into the control group (subjects received the same medication but the administration sequence was reversed). Pain was assessed using visual analogue scales, and consumption of rescue analgesic. The facial swelling and trismus were evaluated by measuring facial reference distances and maximum mouth opening. There were no significant differences between the two study groups regarding postoperative pain, rescue analgesics consumption, facial swelling and trismus. There was a slightly higher need for rescue analgesics in the experimental group. The preoperative intake of ibuprofen does not seem to reduce pain, facial swelling and trismus after impacted lower third molar removal when compared to the postoperative administration of the same drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Aznar-Arasa
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Spain
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23
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Isiordia-Espinoza MA, Sánchez-Prieto M, Tobías-Azúa F, Reyes-García JG. Pre-emptive analgesic effectiveness of meloxicam versus tramadol after mandibular third molar surgery: a pilot study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011; 70:31-6. [PMID: 21783298 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 03/05/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the pre-emptive analgesic effectiveness of 15 mg of meloxicam and 50 mg of tramadol after mandibular third molar surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS This pilot study was a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial. The patients were randomized into 2 treatment groups, each with 15 patients, by use of a series of random numbers: group A was administered 15 mg of meloxicam intramuscularly (IM) 50 minutes before the surgery and group B was given 50 mg of tramadol IM 50 minutes before the surgery. We evaluated pain intensity, analgesic consumption, swelling, and trismus. RESULTS The group receiving 15 mg of meloxicam IM showed differences in pain intensity evaluated by the area under the curve of the visual analog scale and total analgesic consumption when compared with the group receiving 50 mg of tramadol IM. CONCLUSION The patients receiving 15 mg of preoperative meloxicam had less pain intensity and total analgesic consumption than those receiving 50 mg of preoperative tramadol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario A Isiordia-Espinoza
- Departamento de Postgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Steffens JP, Santos FA, Sartori R, Pilatti GL. Preemptive Dexamethasone and Etoricoxib for Pain and Discomfort Prevention After Periodontal Surgery: A Double-Masked, Crossover, Controlled Clinical Trial. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1153-60. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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De Menezes SAF, Cury PR. Efficacy of nimesulide versus meloxicam in the control of pain, swelling and trismus following extraction of impacted lower third molar. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010; 39:580-4. [PMID: 20409689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the efficacy of nimesulide and meloxicam in the control of pain, swelling and trismus, following the extraction of impacted inferior third molars. Twenty patients with two impacted inferior third molars, in similar positions, were selected. The patients were designated randomly to the meloxicam group (MEL: 7.5mg twice a day for 5 days) or the nimesulide group (NIM: 100mg for 5 days). Following the extractions, swelling was more pronounced in the MEL group than in the NIM group (P<or=0.001). There were no significant differences in pain intensity between the treatment groups (P>0.05). At the 72-h evaluation, reduction was significantly larger in mouth opening in the MEL group compared with the NIM group (P<0.05). In conclusion, pain control was similar in both treatment groups. NIM was more effective than MEL in the control of swelling and trismus following the extraction of impacted lower third molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A F De Menezes
- Department of Periodontics, University Center of Pará, Avenida Nazaré 630, CEP: 66035170 (Nazaré), Belém, Pará, Brazil
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Wang F, Shen X, Xu S, Liu Y. Preoperative tramadol combined with postoperative small-dose tramadol infusion after total abdominal hysterectomy: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Pharmacol Rep 2010; 61:1198-205. [PMID: 20081257 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Revised: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This double blind, randomized, controlled trial investigated whether a single preoperative intravenous (iv) dose of tramadol (100 mg) given 30 min before abdominal hysterectomy resulted in improved analgesic efficacy, reduced postoperative morphine patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) use and reduced side effects when combined with a postoperative small-dose tramadol infusion. Two-hundred twenty-four patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy were randomly allocated to one of two groups: the tramadol group (n = 113) received iv tramadol (100 mg) 30 min before surgery, and the control group (n = 111) received an equivalent volume of normal saline. Upon awakening from general anesthesia, all patients received a loading dose of 0.5 mg/kg of tramadol and a small-dose infusion of tramadol (0.1 mg/kg/h) for 48 h. In addition, all patients were connected to morphine PCA delivering a morphine bolus of 0.02 mg/kg with a 6-min lock-out. Data on pain intensity at rest and during movement, morphine consumption, side-effects and overall patient satisfaction were recorded. A total of 189 patients completed the study. Preemptive tramadol was associated with superior analgesia at rest and with movement in the first 24 h after surgery (p < 0.01), a longer interval to first morphine PCA request (p = 0.019), and reduced morphine PCA use (p = 0.017). The tramadol group had reduced nausea (p = 0.015), dizziness (p = 0.001) and drowsiness (p = 0.0001), while other side-effects were similar. In conclusion, a single dose of iv tramadol (100 mg) 30 min prior to abdominal hysterectomy improves analgesia, and reduces morphine PCA requirements, nausea, dizziness and drowsiness when combined with a postoperative small-dose tramadol infusion and morphine PCA when compared to the same analgesic regimen that omitted the preemptive tramadol.
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Affiliation(s)
- FuZhou Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No. 123, Tianfei Xiang, Mochou Road, Nanjing 210004, China.
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Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam administered as regular and fast dissolving formulations to the rat: Influence of gastrointestinal dysfunction on the relative bioavailability of two formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 70:889-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Calvo AM, Sakai VT, Giglio FPM, Modena KCS, Colombini BL, Benetello V, Sakamoto FC, Freire TMS, Dionísio TJ, Lauris JRP, Trindade AS, Faria FAC, Santos CF. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory dose–response relationship of 7.5 and 15mg meloxicam after lower third molar removal: a double-blind, randomized, crossover study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 36:26-31. [PMID: 17112703 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2006.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Revised: 08/29/2006] [Accepted: 09/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fifty patients were scheduled to undergo removal of symmetrically positioned lower third molars in two separate appointments. Meloxicam 7.5 or 15 mg was once daily administered in a double-blind, randomized and crossover manner after the surgery for 4 days. Objective and subjective parameters were recorded for comparison of postoperative courses. Patients treated with 7.5mg meloxicam who underwent osteotomy reported higher pain scores at 1.5, 3, 4, 10, 12 and 16 h (P<0.05) and ingested a greater amount of rescue analgesic medication (P<0.05) than those who did not require osteotomy. A higher percentage of patients who underwent osteotomy medicated with 7.5mg meloxicam needed rescue medication as compared to those who did not require osteotomy (P<0.05). There was a similar mouth opening at suture removal compared with preoperative values for both doses (P>0.05). There were no significant differences concerning swelling observed on the 2nd or 7th postoperative days in comparison with baseline (P>0.05) between the two doses. Pain, trismus and swelling after lower third molar removal not requiring osteotomy can be successfully controlled by a dose regimen of 7.5mg meloxicam once daily. For more aggressive extractions 15 mg meloxicam is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Calvo
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru/SP, Brazil
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