1
|
Wang M, Gong J, Rades T, Martins ICB. Amorphization of different furosemide polymorphic forms during ball milling: Tracking solid-to-solid phase transformations. Int J Pharm 2023; 648:123573. [PMID: 37931725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Ball milling is used, not only to reduce the particle size of pharmaceutical powders, but also to induce changes in the physical properties of drugs. In this work we prepared three crystal forms of furosemide (forms Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ) and studied their solid phase transformations during ball milling. Powder X-ray diffraction and modulated differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the samples after each milling time on their path to amorphization. Our results show that forms Ⅰ and III directly converted into an amorphous phase, while form Ⅱ first undergoes a polymorphic transition to form Ⅰ, and then gradually loses its crystallinity, finally reaching full amorphousness. During ball milling of forms Ⅰ and Ⅱ, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the amorphous fraction of the milled material remains almost unchanged at 75 °C and 74 °C, respectively (whilst the amorphous content increases). In contrast, the Tg values of the amorphous fraction of milled form III increase with increasing milling times, from 63 °C to 71 °C, indicating an unexpected phenomenon of amorphous-to-amorphous transformation. The amorphous fraction of milled forms I and II samples presented a longer structural relaxation (i.e., lower molecular mobility) than the amorphous fraction of milled form III samples. Moreover, the structural relaxation time remained the same for the increasing amorphous fraction during milling of forms I and II. In contrast, the structural relaxation times were always shorter for the amorphous fraction of form III, but increased with increasing amorphous content during milling, confirming amorphous-to-amorphous transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengwei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junbo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Inês C B Martins
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ekawa B, Diogo HP, Castro RAE, Caires FJ, Eusébio MES. Coamorphous Systems of Valsartan: Thermal Analysis Contribution to Evaluate Intermolecular Interactions Effects on the Structural Relaxation. Molecules 2023; 28:6240. [PMID: 37687071 PMCID: PMC10488875 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coamorphous formation in binary systems of valsartan (Val) with 4,4'-bipyridine (Bipy) and trimethoprim (Tri) was investigated for mixtures with a mole fraction of 0.16~0.86 of valsartan and evaluated in terms of the glass transition temperature. The glass transition of the systems had a behavior outside the values predicted by the Gordon-Taylor equation, showing that Val-Bipy (hydrogen bonding between the components) had a lower deviation and Val-Tri (ionic bonding between the components) had a higher deviation. Mixtures of compositions 2:1 Val-Bipy and 1:1 Val-Tri were selected for further investigation and verified to be stable, as no crystallization was observed during subsequent heating and cooling programs. For these systems, the effective activation energy during glass transition was evaluated. Compared to pure valsartan, the system with the lower glass transition temperature (Val-Bipy) presented the highest effective activation energy, and the system with the higher glass transition temperature (Val-Tri) presented a lower effective activation energy. The results presented a good correlation between the data obtained from two different techniques to determine the fragility and effective activation energy: non-isothermal kinetic analysis by DSC and TSDC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ekawa
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14801-970, Brazil;
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Hermínio P. Diogo
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ricardo A. E. Castro
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Flávio J. Caires
- School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil
| | - M. Ermelinda S. Eusébio
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Minkus S, Grosse S, Bieber S, Veloutsou S, Letzel T. Optimized hidden target screening for very polar molecules in surface waters including a compound database inquiry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:4953-4966. [PMID: 32488388 PMCID: PMC8206052 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02743-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Highly polar trace organic compounds, which are persistent, mobile, and toxic (PMT) or are very persistent and very mobile (vPvM) in the aquatic environment, may pose a risk to surface water, ground water, and drinking water supplies. Despite the advances in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, there often exists an analytical blind spot when it comes to very polar chemicals. This study seeks to make a broad polarity range analytically accessible by means of serially coupling reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) to high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Moreover, a workflow is presented using optimized data processing of nontarget screening (NTS) data and subsequently generating candidate lists for the identification of very polar molecules via an open-access NTS platform and implemented compound database. First, key input parameters and filters of the so-called feature extraction algorithms were identified, and numerical performance indicators were defined to systematically optimize the data processing method. Second, all features from the very polar HILIC elution window were uploaded to the STOFF-IDENT database as part of the FOR-IDENT open-access NTS platform, which contains additional physicochemical information, and the features matched with potential compounds by their accurate mass. The hit list was filtered for compounds with a negative log D value, indicating that they were (very) polar. For instance, 46 features were assigned to 64 candidate compounds originating from a set of 33 samples from the Isar river in Germany. Three PMT candidates (e.g., guanylurea, melamine, and 1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-2-one) were illustratively validated using the respective reference standards. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that polarity-extended chromatography reproducibly retards and separates (very) polar compounds from surface waters. These findings further indicate that a transparent and robust data processing workflow for nontarget screening data is available for addressing new (very) polar substances in the aqueous environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Minkus
- Technical University of Munich (Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering), Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Analytisches Forschungsinstitut für Non-Target Screening GmbH (AFIN-TS), Am Mittleren Moos 48, 86167, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Grosse
- Technical University of Munich (Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering), Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Thermo Fisher Scientific, Dornierstraße 4, 82110, Germering, Germany
| | - Stefan Bieber
- Analytisches Forschungsinstitut für Non-Target Screening GmbH (AFIN-TS), Am Mittleren Moos 48, 86167, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Sofia Veloutsou
- Technical University of Munich (Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering), Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany.,, N. Votsi 35, 10445, Athens, Greece
| | - Thomas Letzel
- Technical University of Munich (Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering), Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Analytisches Forschungsinstitut für Non-Target Screening GmbH (AFIN-TS), Am Mittleren Moos 48, 86167, Augsburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Moura Ramos JJ, Diogo HP. Thermal behavior and molecular mobility in the glassy state of three anti-hypertensive pharmaceutical ingredients. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00298j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Good agreement was found between the thermodynamic and kinetic fragilities of these APIs. DSC analysis of irbesartan showed the possibility of transformation A → B between the two monotropic polymorphic forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim J. Moura Ramos
- CQFM – Centro de Química-Física Molecular and IN – Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Hermínio P. Diogo
- CQE – Centro de Química Estrutural
- Complexo I
- Instituto Superior Técnico
- Universidade de Lisboa
- 1049-001 Lisboa
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pansare SK, Patel SM. Practical Considerations for Determination of Glass Transition Temperature of a Maximally Freeze Concentrated Solution. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:805-19. [PMID: 27193003 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0551-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass transition temperature is a unique thermal characteristic of amorphous systems and is associated with changes in physical properties such as heat capacity, viscosity, electrical resistance, and molecular mobility. Glass transition temperature for amorphous solids is referred as (T g), whereas for maximally freeze concentrated solution, the notation is (T g'). This article is focused on the factors affecting determination of T g' for application to lyophilization process design and frozen storage stability. Also, this review provides a perspective on use of various types of solutes in protein formulation and their effect on T g'. Although various analytical techniques are used for determination of T g' based on the changes in physical properties associated with glass transition, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is the most commonly used technique. In this article, an overview of DSC technique is provided along with brief discussion on the alternate analytical techniques for T g' determination. Additionally, challenges associated with T g' determination, using DSC for protein formulations, are discussed. The purpose of this review is to provide a practical industry perspective on determination of T g' for protein formulations as it relates to design and development of lyophilization process and/or for frozen storage; however, a comprehensive review of glass transition temperature (T g, T g'), in general, is outside the scope of this work.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sharif S, DiMemmo LM, Thommes M, Hubert M, Sarsfield BA. A simplified approach to determine effective surface area and porosity of low bulk density active pharmaceutical ingredients in early development. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|