1
|
Alhawari HH, Abuhamdan RM, Alrashdan M, Al Thaher Y, Shraideh ZA, Abulateefeh SR. Development and In Vivo Evaluation of Sustained Release Microparticles Loaded with Levothyroxine for Hypothyroidism Treatment. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:1566-1571. [PMID: 38232803 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is a chronic condition combated by a daily oral supplementation of levothyroxine. In addition to the need for frequent dosing, oral administration may result in variable absorption of the drug leading to a failure in achieving normal thyroid function. Therefore, the development of a long-acting injectable system capable of delivering the drug is necessary. This work was aimed at developing sustained release microparticles loaded with levothyroxine. The microparticles were produced through the emulsification-solvent evaporation method using 2 grades of biocompatible and biodegradable polyesters: poly(ᴅ,ʟ-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and poly(ᴅ,ʟ-lactide) (PLA). Both polymers produced microparticles with very similar sizes (1.9 µm) and zeta potential values (around -22.0 mV). However, PLA microparticles had a significantly higher drug loading (6.1% vs. 4.4%, respectively) and encapsulation efficiency (36.8%, vs. 26.1%, respectively) when compared to PLGA counterparts. While both types of microparticles displayed a biphasic release pattern in vitro, a slower rate of release was observed with PLA microparticles. Moreover, a similar biphasic release pattern was found in vivo, with an initial phase of rapid release followed by a slower phase in the subsequent 10 days. These results indicate the possibility of developing levothyroxine loaded polyester microparticles as a potential long-acting thyroid hormone replacement therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Majd Alrashdan
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Yazan Al Thaher
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan
| | - Ziad A Shraideh
- School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Samer R Abulateefeh
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dong S, Yu H, Poupart P, Ho EA. Gaussian processes modeling for the prediction of polymeric nanoparticle formulation design to enhance encapsulation efficiency and therapeutic efficacy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01625-7. [PMID: 38767799 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01625-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Conventional drugs have been facing various drug delivery obstacles, including first-pass metabolism for oral medications, drug degradation by cellular enzymes, off-target effects, and cytotoxicity of healthy cells. Nanoparticles (NP) application in drug delivery can compensate for these drawbacks to a great extent. NPs can be fabricated using different materials and structures to achieve desired therapeutic effects. For each type of NP material, its physicochemical properties determine compatibility with specific drugs and other supplemental compositions. The optimized material selection becomes prominent in NP development to improve NP performances. Due to the nature of NP fabrication, the process is long and expensive. To accelerate NP composition optimization, machine learning (ML) techniques are among the most promising methods for efficient data predictions and optimizations.As a proof-of concept, we created Gaussian Process (GP) models to make predictions for drug encapsulation efficiency (EE%) and therapeutic efficacy of 32 poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs that are formed with materials with different physicochemical properties. Two model drugs, doxorubicin (DOX) and docetaxel (DTX) were loaded separately. The IC50 values for the various NPs formulations were evaluated using the OVCAR3 epithelial ovarian cancer cell line. EE% GP model has the highest prediction accuracy with the lowest normalized root-mean-squared-error (RMSE) of 0.187. The DOX and DTX IC50 GP models have normalized RMSEs of 0.296 and 0.206, respectively, which are higher than that of the EE% GP model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Dong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2G 1C5, Canada
| | - Haolin Yu
- David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Pascal Poupart
- David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Emmanuel A Ho
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2G 1C5, Canada.
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, He Q, Lu H, Yang J, Han J, Zhu Y, Hu P. Visualization and correlation of drug release of risperidone/clozapine microspheres in vitro and in vivo based on FRET mechanism. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123885. [PMID: 38325621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
This study addresses the challenging task of quantitatively investigating drug release from PLGA microspheres after in vivo administration. The objective is to employ Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to visualize drug-encapsulated microspheres in both in vitro and in vivo settings. The primary goal is to establish a quantitative correlation between FRET fluorescence changes and microsphere drug release. The study selects drugs with diverse structures and lipid solubility to explore release mechanisms, using PLGA as the matrix material. Clozapine and risperidone serve as model drugs. FRET molecules, Cy5 and Cy5.5, along with Cy7 derivatives, create FRET donor-acceptor pairs. In vitro results show that FRET fluorescence changes align closely with microsphere drug release, particularly for the Cy5.5-Cy7 pair. In vivo experiments involve subcutaneous administration of microspheres to rats, tracking FRET fluorescence changes while collecting blood samples. Pharmacokinetic studies on clozapine and risperidone reveal in vivo absorption fractions using the Loo-Riegelman method. Correlating FRET and in vivo absorption data establishes an in vitro-in vivo relationship (IVIVR). The study demonstrates that FRET-based fluorescence changes quantitatively link to microsphere drug release, offering an innovative method for visualizing and monitoring release in both in vitro and in vivo settings, potentially advancing clinical applications of such formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qingwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huangjie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiongming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China; International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability Assessment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chobisa D, Muniyandi A, Sishtla K, Corson TW, Yeo Y. Long-Acting Microparticle Formulation of Griseofulvin for Ocular Neovascularization Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306479. [PMID: 37940612 PMCID: PMC10939919 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults. nAMD is treated with biologics targeting vascular endothelial growth factor; however, many patients do not respond to the current therapy. Here, a small molecule drug, griseofulvin (GRF), is used due to its inhibitory effect on ferrochelatase, an enzyme important for choroidal neovascularization (CNV). For local and sustained delivery to the eyes, GRF is encapsulated in microparticles based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), a biodegradable polymer with a track record in long-acting formulations. The GRF-loaded PLGA microparticles (GRF MPs) are designed for intravitreal application, considering constraints in size, drug loading content, and drug release kinetics. Magnesium hydroxide is co-encapsulated to enable sustained GRF release over >30 days in phosphate-buffered saline with Tween 80. Incubated in cell culture medium over 30 days, the GRF MPs and the released drug show antiangiogenic effects in retinal endothelial cells. A single intravitreal injection of MPs containing 0.18 µg GRF releases the drug over 6 weeks in vivo to inhibit the progression of laser-induced CNV in mice with no abnormality in the fundus and retina. Intravitreally administered GRF MPs prove effective in preventing CNV, providing proof-of-concept toward a novel, cost-effective nAMD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhawal Chobisa
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Integrated Product Development Organization, Innovation Plaza Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, Hyderabad, 500050, India
| | - Anbukkarasi Muniyandi
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kamakshi Sishtla
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Timothy W Corson
- Departments of Pharmacology & Toxicology and Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1160 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Purdue University, 575 West Stadium Avenue, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li M, Wang R, Bao Q. Hyper-spectra imaging analysis of PLGA microspheres via machine learning enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Control Release 2024; 367:676-686. [PMID: 38309305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Long-acting injectables (LAI) offer a cost-effective and patient-centric approach by reducing pill burden and improving compliance, leading to better treatment outcomes. Among various types of long-acting injectables, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres have been extensively investigated and reported in the literature. However, microsphere formulation development is still challenging due to the complexity of PLGA polymer, formulation screening, and processing, as well as time-consuming and cumbersome physicochemical characterization. A further challenge is the limited availability of drug substances in early formulation development. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel and advanced tools that can accelerate the early formulation development. In this manuscript, a novel comprehensive physicochemical characterization approach was developed by integrating Raman microscopy and the machine learning process. The physicochemical properties such as drug loading, particle size and size distribution, content uniformity/heterogeneity, and drug polymorphism of the microspheres can be obtained in a single run, without requiring separate methods for each attribute (e.g., liquid chromatography, particle size analyzer, thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction). This approach is non-destructive and can significantly reduce material consumption, sample preparation, labor work, and analysis time/cost, which will greatly facilitate the formulation development of PLGA microsphere products. In addition, the approach will potentially be beneficial in enabling automated high throughput screening of microsphere formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minghe Li
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Quanying Bao
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hassan M, Abdelnabi HA, Mohsin S. Harnessing the Potential of PLGA Nanoparticles for Enhanced Bone Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:273. [PMID: 38399327 PMCID: PMC10892810 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, nanotechnologies have become increasingly prominent in the field of bone tissue engineering (BTE), offering substantial potential to advance the field forward. These advancements manifest in two primary ways: the localized application of nanoengineered materials to enhance bone regeneration and their use as nanovehicles for delivering bioactive compounds. Despite significant progress in the development of bone substitutes over the past few decades, it is worth noting that the quest to identify the optimal biomaterial for bone regeneration remains a subject of intense debate. Ever since its initial discovery, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has found widespread use in BTE due to its favorable biocompatibility and customizable biodegradability. This review provides an overview of contemporary advancements in the development of bone regeneration materials using PLGA polymers. The review covers some of the properties of PLGA, with a special focus on modifications of these properties towards bone regeneration. Furthermore, we delve into the techniques for synthesizing PLGA nanoparticles (NPs), the diverse forms in which these NPs can be fabricated, and the bioactive molecules that exhibit therapeutic potential for promoting bone regeneration. Additionally, we addressed some of the current concerns regarding the safety of PLGA NPs and PLGA-based products available on the market. Finally, we briefly discussed some of the current challenges and proposed some strategies to functionally enhance the fabrication of PLGA NPs towards BTE. We envisage that the utilization of PLGA NP holds significant potential as a potent tool in advancing therapies for intractable bone diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sahar Mohsin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Costello MA, Liu J, Wang Y, Qin B, Xu X, Li Q, Smith WC, Lynd NA, Zhang F. Manufacturing dexamethasone intravitreal implants: Process control and critical quality attributes. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123515. [PMID: 37844672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Over 20 long-acting injectable formulations based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) have been approved by the FDA to date. PLGA is a biodegradable polymer that can extend drug release from these dosage forms for up to six months after administration. Despite the commercial success of several of these formulations, there are still a limited number of products that utilize PLGA, and there are currently no generic counterparts of these products on the market. Significant technical challenges are associated with preparation of chemically and structurally equivalent formulations that yield an equivalent drug release profile to the reference listed drug (RLD) both in vitro and in vivo. In this work, Ozurdex (dexamethasone intravitreal implant) was used as a model system to explore how the manufacturing process of PLGA-based solid implants impacts the quality and performance of the dosage form. Control of implant structural characteristics, including diameter, internal porosity, and surface roughness, was required to maintain accurate unit dose potency. Implants were prepared by a continuous hot-melt extrusion process that was thoroughly characterized to show the importance of precise feeding control to meet dimensional specifications. Five extruder die designs were evaluated using the same hot-melt extrusion process to produce five structurally-distinct implants. The structural differences did not alter the in vitro drug release profile when tested in both normal saline and phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4); however, implant porosity was shown to impact the mechanical strength of the implants. This work seeks to provide insight into the manufacturing process of PLGA-based solid implants to support development of future novel and generic drug products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Costello
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Liu
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Research and Standards, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bin Qin
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Research and Standards, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Office of Testing and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Qi Li
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, Office of Research and Standards, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - William C Smith
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Office of Testing and Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Lynd
- University of Texas at Austin, McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- University of Texas at Austin, College of Pharmacy, Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, Austin, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Otte A, Soh BK, Park K. The Impact of Post-Processing Temperature on PLGA Microparticle Properties. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2677-2685. [PMID: 37589826 PMCID: PMC10840666 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles loaded with either risperidone or naltrexone were prepared from an emulsification homogenization process. The objective of this study was to determine the impact the post-treatment temperature has on the properties and subsequent performance of the microparticles. METHODS The post-treatment temperature of an ethanolic solution was characterized from 10 ~ 35ºC for the naltrexone and risperidone micropartilces. RESULTS The wash temperature resulted in a typical triphasic in vitro release pattern at low wash temperatures or a biphasic pattern consisting of an elevated release rate at higher post-treatment temperatures. The post-treatment temperature largely influences the particle morphology, residual solvent levels, glass transition temperature, and drug loading and is molecule dependent, whereby these characteristics subsequently influence the drug release rate. CONCLUSION The study highlights the importance of both the post-treatment process and control during manufacturing to obtain a formulation within the desired product profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Otte
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Bong Kwan Soh
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Chong Kun Dang Pharmaceuticals Inc, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kinam Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Akina, Inc, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang C, Bodmeier R. Direct drug milling in organic PLGA solution facilitates the encapsulation of nanosized drug into PLGA microparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 191:1-11. [PMID: 37579890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to prepare poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles loaded with nanosized drug by combining non-aqueous wet bead milling and microencapsulation. 200-300 nm dexamethasone, hydrocortisone and dexamethasone sodium phosphate nanosuspensions were successfully prepared by wet bead milling the drug in dichloromethane using PLGA as a stabilizer. PLGA microparticles loaded with nanosized drugs were then prepared by a solid-in-oil-in-water (S/O/W) solvent evaporation method or solid-in-oil-in-oil (S/O/O) organic phase separation method. The microparticles were characterized by laser diffraction (LD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and in vitro drug release. The nanosized drugs were homogeneously distributed within the microparticle matrix and remained crystalline, however, with a decrease in crystallinity. High drug encapsulation efficiencies >80 % were achieved at theoretical drug loadings between 5 and 30 %. Drug release profiles could be controlled by varying PLGA grades/blends, microparticle size and drug loadings. Quasi-linear release profiles without the PLGA-typical slow release phase were achieved with PLGA encapsulated nanosized drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Bodmeier
- College of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Kelchstr. 31, 12169 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang H, Yang Z, Wu D, Hao B, Liu Y, Wang X, Pu W, Yi Y, Shang R, Wang S. The Effect of Polymer Blends on the In Vitro Release/Degradation and Pharmacokinetics of Moxidectin-Loaded PLGA Microspheres. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14729. [PMID: 37834176 PMCID: PMC10573114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of polymer blends on the in vitro release/degradation and pharmacokinetics of moxidectin-loaded PLGA microspheres (MOX-MS), four formulations (F1, F2, F3 and F4) were prepared using the O/W emulsion solvent evaporation method by blending high (75/25, 75 kDa) and low (50/50, 23 kDa) molecular weight PLGA with different ratios. The addition of low-molecular-weight PLGA did not change the release mechanism of microspheres, but sped up the drug release of microspheres and drastically shortened the lag phase. The in vitro degradation results show that the release of microspheres consisted of a combination of pore diffusion and erosion, and especially autocatalysis played an important role in this process. Furthermore, an accelerated release method was also developed to reduce the period for drug release testing within one month. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that MOX-MS could be released for at least 60 days with only a slight blood drug concentration fluctuation. In particular, F3 displayed the highest AUC and plasma concentration (AUC0-t = 596.53 ng/mL·d, Cave (day 30-day 60) = 8.84 ng/mL), making it the optimal formulation. Overall, these results indicate that using polymer blends could easily adjust hydrophobic drug release from microspheres and notably reduce the lag phase of microspheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (D.W.); (B.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (W.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (D.W.); (B.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (W.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (D.W.); (B.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (W.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Baocheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (D.W.); (B.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (W.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (D.W.); (B.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (W.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (D.W.); (B.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (W.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Wanxia Pu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (D.W.); (B.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (W.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yunpeng Yi
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (D.W.); (B.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (W.P.); (Y.Y.)
- Shandong Provincial Animal and Poultry Green Health Products Creation Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Poultry Science, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Ruofeng Shang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (D.W.); (B.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (W.P.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS, Lanzhou 730050, China; (H.Z.); (Z.Y.); (D.W.); (B.H.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (W.P.); (Y.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Bao Q, Wang R, Kwok O, Maurus K, Wang Y, Qin B, Burgess DJ. In situ forming risperidone implants: Effect of PLGA attributes on product performance. J Control Release 2023; 361:777-791. [PMID: 37591464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite the unique advantages of injectable, long-acting in situ forming implant formulations based on poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP), only six products are commercially available. A better understanding of PLGA will aid in the development of more in situ forming implant innovator and generic products. This article investigates the impact of slight changes in PLGA attributes, i.e., molecular weight (MW), lactide:glycolide (L/G) ratio, blockiness, and end group, on the in vitro and in vivo performance of PLGA-based in situ forming implant formulations. Perseris (risperidone) for extended-release injectable suspension was selected as the reference listed drug (RLD). A previously developed adapter-based USP 2 method was used for the in vitro release testing of various risperidone implant formulations. A rabbit model was used to determine the in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles of the formulations (subcutaneous administration) and deconvolution (Loo-Riegelman method) was conducted to obtain the in vivo release profiles. The results showed that a 5 KDa difference in the MW (19.2, 24.2, 29.2 KDa), a 5% variation in the L/G ratio (85/15, 80/20, 75/25) and the end-cap (acid vs ester) all significantly impacted the formulation behavior both in vitro and in vivo. Higher MW, higher L/G ratio and ester end-cap PLGA all resulted in longer release durations. The formulations prepared with polymers with different blockiness values (within the blockiness range tested) did not show differences in in vitro and in vivo release. An in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) was not developed due to the different in vitro and in vivo phase separation rates, swelling tendencies and consequent significantly different release profiles. This is the first report evaluating the impact of PLGA property variation (over a narrow range) on the performance of in situ forming implants. The knowledge gained will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying risperidone in situ forming implant performance and will aid the development of future products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Quanying Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Owen Kwok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Kellen Maurus
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Bin Qin
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Diane J Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rahmani F, Naderpour S, Nejad BG, Rahimzadegan M, Ebrahimi ZN, Kamali H, Nosrati R. The recent insight in the release of anticancer drug loaded into PLGA microspheres. Med Oncol 2023; 40:229. [PMID: 37410278 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a series of diseases leading to a high rate of death worldwide. Microspheres display specific characteristics that make them appropriate for a variety of biomedical purposes such as cancer therapy. Newly, microspheres have the potentials to be used as controlled drug release carriers. Recently, PLGA-based microspheres have attracted exceptional attention relating to effective drug delivery systems (DDS) because of their distinctive properties for a simple preparation, biodegradability, and high capability of drug loading which might be increased drug delivery. In this line, the mechanisms of controlled drug release and parameters that influence the release features of loaded agents from PLGA-based microspheres should be mentioned. The current review is focused on the new development of the release features of anticancer drugs, which are loaded into PLGA-based microspheres. Consequently, future perspective and challenges of anticancer drug release from PLGA-based microspheres are mentioned concisely.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Rahmani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saghi Naderpour
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Ghorbani Nejad
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Milad Rahimzadegan
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zivar Nejad Ebrahimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hossein Kamali
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Rahim Nosrati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wan B, Bao Q, Burgess D. Long-acting PLGA microspheres: advances in excipient and product analysis toward improved product understanding. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 198:114857. [PMID: 37149041 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres are a sustained-release drug delivery system with several successful commercial products used for the treatment of a variety of diseases. By utilizing PLGA polymers with different compositions, therapeutic agents can be released over durations varying from several weeks to several months. However, precise quality control of PLGA polymers and a fundamental understanding of all the factors associated with the performance of PLGA microsphere formulations remains challenging. This knowledge gap can hinder product development of both innovator and generic products. In this review, variability of the key release controlling excipient (PLGA), as well as advanced physicochemical characterization techniques for the PLGA polymer and PLGA microspheres are discussed. The relative merits and challenges of different in vitro release testing methods, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, and in vitro-in vivo correlation development are also summarized. This review is intended to provide an in-depth understanding of long-acting microsphere products and consequently facilitate the development of these complex products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wan
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Quanying Bao
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Diane Burgess
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Piroonpan T, Rimdusit P, Taechutrakul S, Pasanphan W. pH-Responsive Water-Soluble Chitosan Amphiphilic Core–Shell Nanoparticles: Radiation-Assisted Green Synthesis and Drug-Controlled Release Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030847. [PMID: 36986708 PMCID: PMC10052151 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This work aims to apply water radiolysis-mediated green synthesis of amphiphilic core–shell water-soluble chitosan nanoparticles (WCS NPs) via free radical graft copolymerization in an aqueous solution using irradiation. Robust grafting poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (PEGMA) comb-like brushes were established onto WCS NPs modified with hydrophobic deoxycholic acid (DC) using two aqueous solution systems, i.e., pure water and water/ethanol. The degree of grafting (DG) of the robust grafted poly(PEGMA) segments was varied from 0 to ~250% by varying radiation-absorbed doses from 0 to 30 kGy. Using reactive WCS NPs as a water-soluble polymeric template, a high amount of DC conjugation and a high degree of poly(PEGMA) grafted segments brought about high moieties of hydrophobic DC and a high DG of the poly(PEGMA) hydrophilic functions; meanwhile, the water solubility and NP dispersion were also markedly improved. The DC-WCS-PG building block was excellently self-assembled into the core–shell nanoarchitecture. The DC-WCS-PG NPs efficiently encapsulated water-insoluble anticancer and antifungal drugs, i.e., paclitaxel (PTX) and berberine (BBR) (~360 mg/g). The DC-WCS-PG NPs met the role of controlled release with a pH-responsive function due to WCS compartments, and they showed a steady state for maintaining drugs for up to >10 days. The DC-WCS-PG NPs prolonged the inhibition capacity of BBR against the growth of S. ampelinum for 30 days. In vitro cytotoxicity results of the PTX-loaded DC-WCS-PG NPs with human breast cancer cells and human skin fibroblast cells proved the role of the DC-WCS-PG NPs as a promising nanoplatform for controlling drug release and reducing the side effects of the drugs on normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thananchai Piroonpan
- Center of Radiation Processing for Polymer Modification and Nanotechnology (CRPN), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pakjira Rimdusit
- Center of Radiation Processing for Polymer Modification and Nanotechnology (CRPN), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Saowaluk Taechutrakul
- Center of Radiation Processing for Polymer Modification and Nanotechnology (CRPN), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Wanvimol Pasanphan
- Center of Radiation Processing for Polymer Modification and Nanotechnology (CRPN), Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +662-577-5555 (ext. 646515)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Donepezil accelerates the release of PLGA microparticles via catalyzing the polymer degradation regardless of the end groups and molecular weights. Int J Pharm 2023; 632:122566. [PMID: 36586633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is one of the most successful polymers for sustained parenteral drug products in the market. However, rational selection of PLGA in the formulations is still challenging due to the lack of fundamental studies. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of donepezil (DP) on the in-vitro and in-vivo performance of PLGA sustained microspheres. Three kinds of PLGAs with different end groups and molecular weights were selected. Then DP-loaded PLGA microspheres (DP-MSs) with similar particle size, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiency were prepared using an o/w emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Laser diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed that the prepared DP-MSs were about 35 μm and spherical in shape. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction indicated that DP was in an amorphous state inside the microspheres. Unexpectedly, the molecular weight and end group of PLGAs did not significantly influence the in-vitro and in-vivo performance of the DP-MSs. The gel permeation chromatography indicated that the degradation rates of PLGAs were accelerated with the incorporation of DP into the microspheres, and the molecular weight of all three kinds of PLGAs sharply dropped to about 11,000 Da within the initial three days. The basic catalysis effect induced by DP might be responsible for the accelerated degradation of PLGAs, which led to similar in-vitro release profiles of DP from different PLGA matrices. A point-to-point level A correlation between the in-vitro release and the in-vivo absorption was observed, which confirmed the accelerated release of DP from the DP-MSs in-vivo. The results indicated that the influence of DP on the degradation of PLGA should be considered when developing DP-sustained microspheres.
Collapse
|
16
|
Pei Y, Wang J, Khaliq NU, Meng F, Oucherif KA, Xue J, Horava SD, Cox AL, Richard CA, Swinney MR, Park K, Yeo Y. Development of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles for sustained delivery of meloxicam. J Control Release 2023; 353:823-831. [PMID: 36521690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymers have been widely used for drug delivery due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. One of the objectives of encapsulating a drug in PLGA microparticles (MPs) is to achieve an extended supply of the drug through sustained release, which can range from weeks to months. Focusing on the applications needing a relatively short-term delivery, we investigated formulation strategies to achieve a drug release from PLGA MPs for two weeks, using meloxicam as a model compound. PLGA MPs produced by the traditional oil/water (O/W) single emulsion method showed only an initial burst release with minimal increase in later-phase drug release. Alternatively, encapsulating meloxicam as solid helped reduce the initial burst release. The inclusion of magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] enhanced later-phase drug release by neutralizing the developing acidity that limited the drug dissolution. The variation of solid meloxicam and Mg(OH)2 quantities allowed for flexible control of meloxicam release, yielding MPs with distinct in vitro release kinetics. When subcutaneously injected into rats, the MPs with relatively slow in vitro drug release kinetics showed in vivo drug absorption profiles consistent with in vitro trend. However, the MPs that rapidly released meloxicam showed an attenuated in vivo absorption, suggesting premature precipitation of fast-released meloxicam. In summary, this study demonstrated the feasibility of controlling drug release from the PLGA MPs over weeks based on the physical state of the encapsulated drug and the inclusion of Mg(OH)2 to neutralize the microenvironmental pH of the MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Pei
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nisar Ul Khaliq
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Fanfei Meng
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | - Jie Xue
- Eli Lilly and Company, 893 Delaware Street, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Sarena D Horava
- Eli Lilly and Company, 450 Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Amy L Cox
- Eli Lilly and Company, 893 Delaware Street, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Coralie A Richard
- Eli Lilly and Company, 893 Delaware Street, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Monica R Swinney
- Eli Lilly and Company, 450 Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Kinam Park
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Surface analysis of sequential semi-solvent vapor impact (SAVI) for studying microstructural arrangements of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles. J Control Release 2022; 350:600-612. [PMID: 36057396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles have been used as long-acting injectable (LAI) drug delivery systems for more than three decades. Despite extensive use, few tools have been available to examine and compare the three-dimensional (3D) structures of microparticles prepared using different compositions and processing parameters, all collectively affecting drug release kinetics. Surface analysis after sequential semi-solvent impact (SASSI) was conducted by exposing PLGA microparticles to different semi-solvent in the liquid phase. The use of semi-solvent liquids presented practical experimental difficulties, particularly in observing the same microparticles before and after exposure to semi-solvents. The difficulties were overcome by using a new sequential semi-solvent vapor (SSV) method to examine the morphological changes of the same microparticles. The SASSI method based on SSV is called surface analysis of semi-solvent vapor impact (SAVI). Semi-solvents are the solvents that dissolve PLGA polymers depending on the polymer's lactide:glycolide (L:G) ratio. A sequence of semi-solvents was used to dissolve portions of PLGA microparticles in an L:G ratio-dependent manner, thus revealing different structures depending on how microparticles were prepared. Exposing PLGA microparticles to semi-solvents in the vapor phase demonstrated significant advantages over using semi-solvents in the liquid phase, such as in control of exposure conditions, access to imaging, decreasing the time for sequential exposure of semi-solvents, and using the same microparticles. The SSV approach for morphological analysis provides another tool to enhance our understanding of the microstructural arrangement of PLGA polymers. It will improve our comprehensive understanding of the factors controlling drug release from LAI formulations based on PLGA polymers.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kuehster L, Jhon YK, Wang Y, Smith WC, Xu X, Qin B, Zhang F, Lynd NA. Stochastic and Deterministic Analysis of Reactivity Ratios in the Partially Reversible Copolymerization of Lactide and Glycolide. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Kuehster
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Young Kuk Jhon
- Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
- Office of Research and Standards, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
- Office of Generic Drugs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - William C. Smith
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
- Office of Testing and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
- Office of Testing and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Bin Qin
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
- Office of Research and Standards, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
- Office of Generic Drugs, United States Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Feng Zhang
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Nathaniel A. Lynd
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wan B, Bao Q, Wang R, Burgess DJ. Polymer source affects in vitro-in vivo correlation of leuprolide acetate PLGA microspheres. Int J Pharm 2022; 625:122032. [PMID: 35878870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA (release controlling excipient) plays a dominant role on the performance of PLGA based long-acting parenterals. These types of drug products typically exhibit complex multi-phasic in vitro/in vivo release/absorption characteristics. In particular, owing to their large size, charged state, and hydrophilicity, peptide loaded microspheres can exhibit more complex release mechanisms. Accordingly, it is challenging to develop Level A in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVCs) for such complex long-acting parenterals. With the objective of gaining a better understanding of how to achieve IVIVCs for peptide loaded PLGA microspheres, formulations with similar as well as different release characteristics were prepared with PLGAs from different sources. Leuprolide acetate was selected as the model drug. Owning to the different physicochemical properties of the PLGAs (such as inherent viscosity, molecular weight and blockiness), the formulations exhibited significant differences in their critical quality attributes (such as particle size, porosity and pore size) and consequently had different in vitro and in vivo performance. Affirmative conventional IVIVCs were developed that were able to predict the in vivo performance using the corresponding in vitro release profiles. In addition, the developed conventional IVIVCs were able to discriminate between formulations with comparable in vitro/in vivo performance and those that had dissimilar in vitro/in vivo performance. The present work provides a comprehensive understanding of the influence of PLGA source variations on IVIVC development and predictability for peptide loaded PLGA microspheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wan
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Quanying Bao
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269
| | - Diane J Burgess
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Naseri E, Ahmadi A. A review on wound dressings: Antimicrobial agents, biomaterials, fabrication techniques, and stimuli-responsive drug release. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
21
|
Wan B, Bao Q, Burgess DJ. In vitro-in vivo correlation of PLGA microspheres: Effect of polymer source variation and temperature. J Control Release 2022; 347:347-355. [PMID: 35569590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Development of Level A in vitro-in vivo correlations (IVIVCs) remains challenging for complex long-acting parenterals, such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA microspheres. The nature of the PLGA polymer excipient has a dominant influence on the performance of PLGA microspheres. These microsphere systems typically exhibit multiphasic in vitro/in vivo release/absorption characteristics and may also show interspecies differences (animal model versus human data). These issues contribute to the difficulties in the development of IVIVCs for PLGA microsphere systems. To gain a better understanding of how to achieve IVIVCs for PLGA microspheres, microsphere formulations with similar as well as different release characteristics were prepared using PLGAs from different sources. Efforts were then made to establish IVIVCs for these formulations using in vitro release profiles obtained at both 37°C (human body temperature) and 39°C (rabbit body temperature) with in vivo data obtained from an animal model (rabbit). Risperidone was selected as the model drug; microsphere formulations were prepared under the same processing methods using apparently similar PLGAs from different sources. Owning to the different physicochemical properties of the PLGAs (such as inherent viscosity, monomer ratio (L/G ratio) and blockiness), the formulations exhibited significant differences in critical quality attributes (such as particle size, particle size distribution, porosity and pore size) and consequently had different in vitro and in vivo performance. IVIVCs were developed and it was shown that model predictability improved when IVIVCs were established using those formulations with comparable release characteristics. In addition, IVIVCs were established with Tscaling factors close to 1 using in vitro release profiles acquired at 39°C, emphasizing the importance of considering the body temperature in understanding interspecies differences. The present work provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of the PLGA source variation on IVIVC development and predictability for complex long-acting parenterals such as PLGA microspheres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wan
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Quanying Bao
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - Diane J Burgess
- University of Connecticut, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Muddineti OS, Omri A. Current trends in PLGA based long-acting injectable products: The industry perspective. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:559-576. [PMID: 35534912 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2075845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been used in many long-acting drug formulations, which have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). PLGA has unique physicochemical properties, which results in complexities in the formulation, characterization, and evaluation of generic products. To address the challenges of generic development of PLGA-based products, the FDA has established an extensive research program to investigate novel methods and tools to aid product development and regulatory review. AREAS COVERED This review article intends to provide a comprehensive review on physicochemical properties of PLGA polymer, characterization, formulation, and analytical aspects, manufacturing conditions on product performance, in-vitro release testing, and bioequivalence. Current research on formulation development as per QbD in vitro release testing methods, regulatory research outcomes, and bioequivalence. EXPERT OPINION The development of PLGA based long-acting injectables is promising and challenging when considering the numerous interrelated delivery-related factors. Achieving a successful formulation requires a thorough understanding of the critical interactions between polymer/drug properties, release profiles over time, up-to-date knowledge on regulatory guidance, and elucidation of the impact of multiple in vivo conditions to methodically evaluate the eventual clinical efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omkara Swami Muddineti
- Formulation Research & Development, Vimta Labs Limited, Plot No.5, M N Park, Genome Valley, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500101, India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bassand C, Benabed L, Verin J, Danede F, Lefol L, Willart J, Siepmann F, Siepmann J. Hot melt extruded PLGA implants loaded with ibuprofen: How heat exposure alters the physical drug state. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
24
|
Shi ZL, Fan ZY, Zhang H, Li ST, Yuan H, Tong JH. Localized delivery of brain-derived neurotrophic factor from PLGA microspheres promotes peripheral nerve regeneration in rats. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:172. [PMID: 35303915 PMCID: PMC8931983 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-02985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Repair of peripheral nerve defect presents a considerable challenge for reconstructive surgeons. The aim of this study is to develop a brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) from poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres for the treatment of the peripheral nerve defect. Method BDNF microspheres were prepared by using an oil-in-water emulsification-solvent evaporation method. The morphology, particle size, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading and sustained release performance of microspheres was observed and calculated. Adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) were isolated and expanded. ADSCs were divided into four groups: control, BDNF, blank microsphere and BDNF microsphere groups. Cell count kit-8 (CCK-8) assays were used to assess cell proliferation. Cell migration was determined by Transwell assays. Twenty-eight male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent transection damage model on the right sciatic nerve. The wet weight ratio of the gastrocnemius muscle was calculated by comparing the weight of the gastrocnemius muscle from the operated side to that of the normal side. Neuroelectrophysiological testing was performed to assess nerve function recovery. Nerve regeneration was evaluated by histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining. Results The microspheres were spherical and had uniform size (46.38 ± 1.00 μm), high encapsulation efficiency and high loading capacity. In vitro release studies showed that BDNF-loaded microspheres had good sustained release characteristics. The duration of BDNF release was extended to more than 50 days. BDNF or BDNF microsphere promote the proliferation and migration of ADSCs than control group (P < 0.05). Compared with control group, BDNF significantly decreased the nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and compound amplitude (AMP) (P < 0.05). The nerve fibers in the BDNF microsphere group were closely arranged and uniformly distributed than control group. Conclusion BDNF/PLGA sustained-release microsphere could promote the migration of ADSCs and promoted neural differentiation of ADSCs. Moreover, BDNF/PLGA sustained-release microsphere ameliorated nerve conduction velocity and prevented neuralgic amyotrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Liang Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Fan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Shen-Tai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - He Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jiu-Hui Tong
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215, Hepingxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Manini G, Benali S, Mathew A, Napolitano S, Raquez JM, Goole J. Paliperidone palmitate as model of heat-sensitive drug for long-acting 3D printing application. Int J Pharm 2022; 618:121662. [PMID: 35292399 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, two technologies were used to prepare long-acting implantable dosage forms in the treatment of schizophrenia. Hot-melt extrusion (HME) as well as fused deposition modelling (FDM) were used concomitantly to create personalized 3D printed implants. Different formulations were prepared using an amorphous PLA as matrix polymer and different solid-state plasticizers. Paliperidone palmitate (PP), a heat sensitive drug prescribed in the treatment of schizophrenia was chosen as model drug. After extrusion, different formulations were characterized using DSC and XRD. Then, an in vitro dissolution test was carried out to discriminate the formulation allowing a sustained drug release of PP. The formulation showing a sustained drug release of the drug was 3D printed as an implantable dosage form. By modulating the infill, the release profile was related to the proper design of tailored dosage form and not solely to the solubility of the drug. Indeed, different release profiles were achieved over 90 days using only one formulation. In addition, a stability test was performed on the 3D printed implants for 3 months. The results showed the stability of the amorphous state of PP, independently of the temperature as well as the integrity of the matrix and the drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Manini
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, CP207, Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels 1050, Belgium; Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium.
| | - Samira Benali
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Allen Mathew
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Simone Napolitano
- Laboratory of Polymer and Soft Matter Dynamics, Experimental Soft Matter and Thermal Physics (EST), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Boulevard du Triomphe, Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
| | - Jean-Marie Raquez
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials (LPCM), Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons, Place du Parc 23, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Goole
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine, CP207, Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels 1050, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lim YW, Tan WS, Ho KL, Mariatulqabtiah AR, Abu Kasim NH, Abd. Rahman N, Wong TW, Chee CF. Challenges and Complications of Poly(lactic- co-glycolic acid)-Based Long-Acting Drug Product Development. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:614. [PMID: 35335988 PMCID: PMC8955085 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is one of the preferred polymeric inactive ingredients for long-acting parenteral drug products that are constituted of complex formulations. Despite over 30 years of use, there are still many challenges faced by researchers in formulation-related aspects pertaining to drug loading and release. Until now, PLGA-based complex generic drug products have not been successfully developed. The complexity in developing these generic drug products is not just due to their complex formulation, but also to the manufacturing process of the listed reference drugs that involve PLGA. The composition and product attributes of commercial PLGA formulations vary with the drugs and their intended applications. The lack of standard compendial methods for in vitro release studies hinders generic pharmaceutical companies in their efforts to develop PLGA-based complex generic drug products. In this review, we discuss the challenges faced in developing PLGA-based long-acting injectable/implantable (LAI) drug products; hurdles that are associated with drug loading and release that are dictated by the physicochemical properties of PLGA and product manufacturing processes. Approaches to overcome these challenges and hurdles are highlighted specifically with respect to drug encapsulation and release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen Lim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (Y.W.L.); (W.S.T.)
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (Y.W.L.); (W.S.T.)
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Kok Lian Ho
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah
- Laboratory of Vaccines and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | | | - Tin Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fei Chee
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Truong HAT, Mothe SR, Min JL, Tan HM, Jackson AW, Nguyen DT, Ye DKJ, Kanaujia P, Thoniyot P, Dang TT. Immuno-modulatory Effects of Microparticles Formulated from Degradable Polystyrene Analogue. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2100472. [PMID: 35261175 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Environmental accumulation of non-degradable polystyrene (PS) microparticles from plastic waste poses potential adverse impact on marine life and human health. Herein, we formulate microparticles from a degradable polystyrene analogue (dePS) and comprehensively evaluate their immuno-modulatory characteristics. Both dePS copolymer and microparticles are chemically degradable under accelerated hydrolytic condition. In vitro studies show that dePS microparticles are non-toxic to three immortalized cell lines. While dePS microparticles do not induce macrophage polarization in vitro, dePS microparticles induce in vivo upregulation of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in immuno-competent mice, suggesting the coexistence of mixed phenotypes of macrophages in the host immune response to these microparticles. Interestingly, on day 7 post-injection, dePS microparticles induce a lower level of several immuno-modulatory biomarkers (MMPs activity, TNF-α, and arginase activity) compared to that of reference poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) PLGA microparticles. Remarkably, compared to PS microparticles, dePS microparticles exhibit similar in vitro and in vivo bioactivity while acquiring additional chemical degradability. Overall, our research gains new insights into the host immune response to dePS microparticles and suggests that this degradable polystyrene analogue might be explored as an alternative material choice for biomedical and consumer care applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Anh T Truong
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Mothe
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Jaclyn Lee Min
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Hui Min Tan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Alexander W Jackson
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Dang Tri Nguyen
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Danson Kwong Jia Ye
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| | - Parijat Kanaujia
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Praveen Thoniyot
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences (ICES), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Tram Thuy Dang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 70 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 637459, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Pawar MA, Vora LK, Kompella P, Pokuri VK, Vavia PR. Long-acting microspheres of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin hormone: In-vitro and in-vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2022; 611:121312. [PMID: 34822964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) hormone is used to cause ovulation, treat infertility in women, and increase sperm count in men. Conventional hCG solution formulations require multiple administration of hCG per week and cause patient noncompliance. The long-acting PLGA depot microspheres (MS) approach with hCG can improve patient compliance, increase the efficacy of hCG with a lower total dose and improve quality of life. Therefore, hCG was encapsulated by a modified double emulsion solvent evaporation technique within PLGA MS by high-speed homogenizer and industrially scalable in-line homogenizer, respectively. MS was characterized for particle size, encapsulation efficiency (EE), surface morphology, and in-vitro release. The spherical, dense, non-porous microspheres were obtained with a size of 58.88 ± 0.18 µm. Microspheres showed high EE (77.4% ± 5.9%) with low initial burst release (12.82% ± 2.07%). Circular Dichroism and SDS-PAGE analysis indicated good stability and structural integrity of hCG in the microspheres. Its bioactivity was proven further by a bioassay study in immature Wistar rats. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the hCG PLGA MS maintained serum hCG concentration up to 13 days compared to multiple injections of a marketed conventional parenteral injectable formulation of hCG. Thus, it can be ascertained that the hCG PLGA MS may have great potential for clinical use in long-term therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj A Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, University under Section 3 of UGC Act - 1956, Elite Status and Center of Excellence- Govt. of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase III Funded, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, University under Section 3 of UGC Act - 1956, Elite Status and Center of Excellence- Govt. of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase III Funded, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India
| | | | | | - Pradeep R Vavia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, University under Section 3 of UGC Act - 1956, Elite Status and Center of Excellence- Govt. of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase III Funded, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400019, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen YC, Moseson DE, Richard CA, Swinney MR, Horava SD, Oucherif KA, Cox AL, Hawkins ED, Li Y, DeNeve DF, Lomeo J, Zhu A, Lyle LT, Munson EJ, Taylor LS, Park K, Yeo Y. Development of hot-melt extruded drug/polymer matrices for sustained delivery of meloxicam. J Control Release 2022; 342:189-200. [PMID: 34990702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
For effective resolution of regional subacute inflammation and prevention of biofouling formation, we have developed a polymeric implant that can release meloxicam, a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, in a sustained manner. Meloxicam-loaded polymer matrices were produced by hot-melt extrusion, with commercially available biocompatible polymers, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), and poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) (EVA). PLGA and EVA had a limited control over the drug release rate partly due to the acidic microenvironment and hydrophobicity, respectively. PCL allowed for sustained release of meloxicam over two weeks and was used as a carrier of meloxicam. Solid-state and image analyses indicated that the PCL matrices encapsulated meloxicam in crystalline clusters, which dissolved in aqueous medium and generated pores for subsequent drug release. The subcutaneously implanted meloxicam-loaded PCL matrices in rats showed pharmacokinetic profiles consistent with their in vitro release kinetics, where higher drug loading led to faster drug release. This study finds that the choice of polymer platform is crucial to continuous release of meloxicam and the drug release rate can be controlled by the amount of drug loaded in the polymer matrices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chu Chen
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dana E Moseson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Coralie A Richard
- Eli Lilly and Company, 893 Delaware Street, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Monica R Swinney
- Eli Lilly and Company, 450 Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Sarena D Horava
- Eli Lilly and Company, 450 Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Amy L Cox
- Eli Lilly and Company, 893 Delaware Street, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Eric D Hawkins
- Eli Lilly and Company, 893 Delaware Street, Indianapolis, IN 46225, USA
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Daniel F DeNeve
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Joshua Lomeo
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, West Burlington, MA 01803, USA
| | - Aiden Zhu
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, West Burlington, MA 01803, USA
| | - L Tiffany Lyle
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Eric J Munson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Kinam Park
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yoon Yeo
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bellotti E, Contarini G, Geraci F, Torrisi SA, Piazza C, Drago F, Leggio GM, Papaleo F, Decuzzi P. Long-lasting rescue of schizophrenia-relevant cognitive impairments via risperidone-loaded microPlates. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:1829-1842. [PMID: 34973133 PMCID: PMC9242964 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01099-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disorder characterized by cognitive impairment and psychotic symptoms that fluctuate over time and can only be mitigated with the chronic administration of antipsychotics. Here, we propose biodegradable microPlates made of PLGA for the sustained release of risperidone over several weeks. Two microPlate configurations - short: 20 × 20 × 10 μm; tall: 20 × 20 × 20 μm - are engineered and compared to conventional ~ 10 μm PLGA microspheres in terms of risperidone loading and release. Tall microPlates realize the slowest release documenting a 35% risperidone delivery at 100 days with a residual rate of 30 ng/ml. Short microPlates and microspheres present similar release profiles with over 50% of the loaded risperidone delivered within the first 40 days. Then, the therapeutic efficacy of one single intraperitoneal injection of risperidone microPlates is compared to the daily administration of free risperidone in heterozygous knockout mice for dysbindin-1, a clinically relevant mouse model of cognitive and psychiatric liability. In temporal order object recognition tasks, mice treated with risperidone microPlates outperform those receiving free risperidone up to 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of observation. This suggests that the sustained release of antipsychotics from one-time microPlate deposition can rescue cognitive impairment in dysbindin mice for up to several weeks. Overall, these results demonstrate that risperidone-loaded microPlates are a promising platform for improving cognitive symptoms associated to schizophrenia. Moreover, the long-term efficacy with one single administration could be of clinical relevance in terms of patient's compliance and adherence to the treatment regimen. Single injection of long-acting risperidone-loaded µPL ameliorates the dysbindin-induced deficit in a clinically relevant mouse model of cognitive and psychiatric liability for up to 12 weeks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bellotti
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Contarini
- Department of Biomedical and Technological Sciences, Università Di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Federica Geraci
- Department of Biomedical and Technological Sciences, Università Di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Alfio Torrisi
- Department of Biomedical and Technological Sciences, Università Di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Cateno Piazza
- Analytical Department, Consortium Unifarm, Università Di Catania, Viale A. Doria 21, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Technological Sciences, Università Di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Technological Sciences, Università Di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Papaleo
- Genetics of Cognition Laboratory, Neuroscience area, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano Di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kim JH, Ryu CH, Chon CH, Kim S, Lee S, Maharjan R, Kim NA, Jeong SH. Three months extended-release microspheres prepared by multi-microchannel microfluidics in beagle dog models. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121039. [PMID: 34450228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate in vivo drug release profiles in beagle dogs, finasteride-loaded PLGA microspheres were prepared using a novel method of IVL-PPF Microsphere® microfluidic device. Briefly, the dispersed phase (PLGA and finasteride in dichloromethane) was mixed with the continuous phase (0.25% w/v PVA aqueous solution) in the parallelized microchannels. After lyophilization, the diameter of the microspheres was around 40 μm (PLGA 7502A or 5002A) and around 30 µm (PLGA/PLA02A mixture). Their CV and span values suggested a narrow size distribution in repeated batch preparations. The in vivo drug release from the PLGA microspheres exhibited three substantial phases: an initial burst, a moderate release, and then a plateau. The microspheres based on PLGA 7502A (75:25 co-polymer) demonstrated extended drug release for around 1 month with a minimized initial burst release compared to PLGA 5002A (50:50 co-polymer). Moreover, the in vivo drug release profile in beagle dogs was proportionally related to the amount of drug loading. Furthermore, the addition of PLA02A into the fabrication of the microsphere synergistically extended the drug release up to 3 months. These results demonstrated the value of this method to achieve uniform microspheres and extend the drug release properties with interpretative in vivo PK profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Kim
- Inventage Lab Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13438, Republic of Korea.
| | - Choong Ho Ryu
- Inventage Lab Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13438, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chan Hee Chon
- Inventage Lab Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13438, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seyeon Kim
- Inventage Lab Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13438, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sangno Lee
- Inventage Lab Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi 13438, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ravi Maharjan
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nam Ah Kim
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Hoon Jeong
- BK21 FOUR Team and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi 10326, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Naseri E, Cartmell C, Saab M, Kerr RG, Ahmadi A. Development of N,O-Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Starch Biomaterial Inks for 3D Printed Wound Dressing Applications. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100368. [PMID: 34559959 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel hybrid biomaterial ink consisting of two water-soluble polymers is investigated: starch and N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC). The biomaterial ink is used to fabricate controlled release biodegradable wound dressing scaffolds via a novel low-temperature solvent (organic)-free 3D printing technique. NOCC is a variant of chitosan with a high degradation rate that can lead to an immediate release of the drugs, and starch, on the other hand, is used to alter degradation and drug release characteristics of the biomaterial. Mupirocin, a topical anti-infective, is incorporated into the biomaterial inks. Different biomaterial inks in terms of NOCC to starch ratio are prepared and characterized. Printability and rheology of the samples are investigated, and the release of mupirocin over time is quantified. The efficacy of the developed 3D printed wound dressings against Staphylococcus aureus is examined through disk diffusion assays. Increasing NOCC accelerated the release of the drug from the scaffold and led to larger zones of inhibition in the early hours of the in vitro tests; this phenomenon is correlated to the enhanced hydrophilicity of NOCC-dominated scaffolds. The drug release and the zone of inhibition are controlled by altering starch to NOCC ratio in the biomaterial ink.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emad Naseri
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Christopher Cartmell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Matthew Saab
- Diagnostic Services, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Russell G Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| | - Ali Ahmadi
- Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE, C1A 4P3, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kim Y, Park EJ, Kim TW, Na DH. Recent Progress in Drug Release Testing Methods of Biopolymeric Particulate System. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081313. [PMID: 34452274 PMCID: PMC8399039 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymeric microparticles have been widely used for long-term release formulations of short half-life chemicals or synthetic peptides. Characterization of the drug release from microparticles is important to ensure product quality and desired pharmacological effect. However, there is no official method for long-term release parenteral dosage forms. Much work has been done to develop methods for in vitro drug release testing, generally grouped into three major categories: sample and separate, dialysis membrane, and continuous flow (flow-through cell) methods. In vitro drug release testing also plays an important role in providing insight into the in vivo performance of a product. In vitro release test with in vivo relevance can reduce the cost of conducting in vivo studies and accelerate drug product development. Therefore, investigation of the in vitro–in vivo correlation (IVIVC) is increasingly becoming an essential part of particulate formulation development. This review summarizes the principles of the in vitro release testing methods of biopolymeric particulate system with the recent research articles and discusses their characteristics including IVIVC, accelerated release testing methods, and stability of encapsulated drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.K.); (T.W.K.)
- G2GBIO, Inc., Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | | | - Tae Wan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.K.); (T.W.K.)
| | - Dong Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (Y.K.); (T.W.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5677
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Challenges and opportunities in the development of complex generic long-acting injectable drug products. J Control Release 2021; 336:144-158. [PMID: 34126170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Long-acting injectable (LAI) drug products enable the controlled release of a drug over an extended duration of time to improve the therapeutic effect, safety profile, or administration of an injectable product. The development of generic [505(j)] and differentiated [505(b)(2)] LAI products helps to provide patients and healthcare providers with more treatment options and to reduce overall healthcare costs, including those associated with drug product administration and patient compliance. In this review, we analyze the landscape of LAI products and identify the most common technical challenges that potential generic product entrants face. We focus on five formulation technologies that account for ~90% of approved LAI products, including those eligible for generic product registration over the next five years, to illustrate technology-specific challenges. We then review efforts from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to promote more generic product competition and emphasize the importance of collaboration among government, industry, and academia to advance the knowledge and capabilities of the scientific community. Regulatory bodies, industry, and academia are encouraged to anticipate challenges with emerging innovative LAI technologies and to leverage the experiences built on established technologies to foster generic product development.
Collapse
|
35
|
Practical quality attributes of polymeric microparticles with current understanding and future perspectives. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
36
|
Abuhamdan RM, Al-Anati BH, Al Thaher Y, Shraideh ZA, Alkawareek MY, Abulateefeh SR. Aqueous core microcapsules as potential long-acting release systems for hydrophilic drugs. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120926. [PMID: 34303818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We have previously optimized the internal phase separation process to give rise to aqueous core microcapsules with polymeric shells composed of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) or poly(lactide) (PLA). In this study, the ability of these microcapsules to act as controlled release platforms of the model hydrophilic drug phenobarbital sodium was tested. Furthermore, the effect of the initial amounts of drug and water added to the system during microcapsule synthesis was investigated. Finally, the effect of varying polymer properties such as end functionalities, molecular weights, and lactide to glycolide ratios, on the characteristics of the produced microcapsules was studied. This was done by utilizing seven different grades of the polyester polymers. It was demonstrated that, within certain limits, drug loading is nearly proportional to the initial amounts of drug and water. Furthermore, drug encapsulation studies demonstrated that ester termination and increases in polymeric molecular weight result in lower drug loading and encapsulation efficiency. Moreover, drug release studies demonstrated that ester termination, increases in molecular weight, and increases in the lactide to glycolide ratio all result in slower drug release; this grants the ability to tailor the drug release duration from a few days to several weeks. In conclusion, such minor variations in polymer characteristics and formulation composition can result in dramatic changes in the properties of the produced microcapsules. These changes can be fine-tuned to obtain desirable long-acting microcapsules capable of encapsulating a variety of hydrophilic drugs which can be used in a wide range of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bayan H Al-Anati
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Yazan Al Thaher
- School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan
| | - Ziad A Shraideh
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang Y, Qin B, Xia G, Choi SH. FDA's Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Research Program and Regulatory Outcomes. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:92. [PMID: 34189655 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been used in many long-acting drug formulations which have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, generic counterparts for PLGA products have yet to gain FDA approval due to many complexities in formulation, characterization, and evaluation of test products. To address the challenges of generic development of PLGA-based products, the FDA has established an extensive research program to investigate novel methods and tools to aid both product development and regulatory review. The research focus have been: (1) analytical tools for characterization of PLGA polymers; (2) impacts of PLGA characteristics and manufacturing conditions on product performance; (3) in vitro drug release testing and in vitro-in vivo correlation of PLGA-based products, and (4) modeling tools to facilitate formulation design and bioequivalence study design of PLGA-based drugs. This article provides an overview of FDA's PLGA research program and highlights scientific accomplishments as well as regulatory outcomes that have resulted from successful research investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave. Silver Spring, 20993, Maryland, USA.
| | - Bin Qin
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave. Silver Spring, 20993, Maryland, USA
| | - Grace Xia
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave. Silver Spring, 20993, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephanie H Choi
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave. Silver Spring, 20993, Maryland, USA.,Greenwich Biosciences, Inc., Carlsbad, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim CR, Jang EB, Hong SH, Yoon YE, Huh BK, Kim SN, Kim MJ, Moon HS, Choy YB. Indwelling urinary catheter assembled with lidocaine-loaded polymeric strand for local sustained alleviation of bladder discomfort. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10218. [PMID: 34027100 PMCID: PMC8126825 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Indwelling urinary catheters (IUCs) are used in clinical settings to assist detrusor contraction in hospitalized patients. However, an inserted IUC often causes catheter-related bladder discomfort. To resolve this, we propose an IUC coupled with local, sustained release of an anesthetic drug, lidocaine. For this, a thin strand composed of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) and lidocaine was separately prepared as a drug delivery carrier, which was then wound around the surface of the IUC to produce the drug-delivery IUC. Our results revealed that the drug-delivery IUC could exert the pain-relief effects for up to 7 days when placed in the bladder of living rats. Cystometrogram tests indicated that the drug-delivery IUC could significantly relieve bladder discomfort compared with the IUC without lidocaine. Furthermore, the expression of pain-related inflammatory markers, such as nerve growth factor, cyclooxygenase-2, and interleukin-6 in the biopsied bladder tissues was significantly lower when the drug-delivery IUC was used. Therefore, we conclude that an IUC simply assembled with a drug-loaded polymer strand can continuously release lidocaine to allow for the relief of bladder discomfort during the period of IUC insertion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cho Rim Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Jang
- Department of Urology, College of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Science & EngineeringHanyang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Seong Hwi Hong
- Department of Urology, College of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Young Eun Yoon
- Department of Urology, College of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Beom Kang Huh
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Se Na Kim
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hong Sang Moon
- Department of Urology, College of MedicineHanyang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, College of EngineeringSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSeoul National University, College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhang D, Zheng H, Geng K, Shen J, Feng X, Xu P, Duan Y, Li Y, Wu R, Gou Z, Gao C. Large fuzzy biodegradable polyester microspheres with dopamine deposition enhance cell adhesion and bone regeneration in vivo. Biomaterials 2021; 272:120783. [PMID: 33812215 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The biodegradable polymer microparticles with different surface morphology and chemical compositions may influence significantly the behaviors of cells, and thereby further the performance of tissue regeneration in vivo. In this study, multi-stage hierarchical textures of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolide) (PLGA)/PLGA-b-PEG (poly(ethylene glycol)) microspheres with a diameter as large as 50-100 μm are fabricated based on interfacial instability of an emulsion. The obtained fuzzy structures on the microspheres are sensitive to annealing, which are changed gradually to a smooth one after treatment at 37 °C for 6 d or 80 °C for 1 h. The surface microstructures that are chemically dominated by PEG can be stabilized against annealing by dopamine deposition. By the combination use of annealing and dopamine deposition, a series of microspheres with robust surface topologies are facilely prepared. The fuzzy microstructures and dopamine deposition show a synergetic role to enhance cell-material interaction, leading to a larger number of adherent bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), A549 and MC 3T3 cells. The fuzzy microspheres with dopamine deposition can significantly promote bone regeneration 12 w post surgery in vivo, as revealed by micro-CT, histological, western blotting and RT-PCR analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deteng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Honghao Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Keyu Geng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianhua Shen
- Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xue Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Peifang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yiyuan Duan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ronghuan Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhongru Gou
- Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Changyou Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ochi M, Wan B, Bao Q, Burgess DJ. Influence of PLGA molecular weight distribution on leuprolide release from microspheres. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120450. [PMID: 33675924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) is a biodegradable copolymer used in many long-acting drug products. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of polymer molecular weight distribution differences of PLGA on the in vitro release profile of leuprolide acetate microspheres. Eight microsphere formulations were prepared using the same manufacturing process but with different PLGA polymers. The physicochemical properties (drug loading, particle size and morphology) as well as the in vitro release profiles of the prepared microspheres were evaluated using a sample-and-separate method. The amount of burst release increased with increasing amount of low molecular weight fractions of PLGA, indicating that the drug release profiles appeared to be affected not only by the average molecular weight but also the molecular weight distribution of PLGA. In conclusion, quality control of the molecular weight distribution of PLGA as well as the weight average molecular weight is highly desirable in order to control the burst release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Ochi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Bo Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Quanying Bao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Diane J Burgess
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Alavi M, Webster TJ. Recent progress and challenges for polymeric microsphere compared to nanosphere drug release systems: Is there a real difference? Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 33:116028. [PMID: 33508639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric microspheres (MSs) and nanospheres (NSs) composed of synthetic and natural polymers can encapsulate anticancer drugs, among other therapeutics, acting as drug carriers to release them at controlled rates over long periods of time. These carriers present several potential advantages including simple preparation methods, suitable control over the sustained release of medications or stem cells, triggered release resulting from stimulus-responsive delivery, improved physical properties such as porosity and stable scaffolds for tissue engineering, and possible applications as microreactors and nanoreactors compared to conventional drug delivery systems. Moreover, many of these factors can impact drug release rates by polymeric MSs and NSs. Herein, drug delivery systems based on polymeric MSs and NSs are described and compared according to recent advances and challenges, and poignant thoughts on what the field needs to progress are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Alavi
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Iran.
| | - Thomas J Webster
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Key Factor Study for Generic Long-Acting PLGA Microspheres Based on a Reverse Engineering of Vivitrol ®. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051247. [PMID: 33669152 PMCID: PMC7975983 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) has approved only a negligible number of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based microsphere formulations, indicating the difficulty in developing a PLGA microsphere. A thorough understanding of microsphere formulations is essential to meet the challenge of developing innovative or generic microspheres. In this study, the key factors, especially the key process factors of the marketed PLGA microspheres, were revealed for the first time via a reverse engineering study on Vivitrol® and verified by the development of a generic naltrexone-loaded microsphere (GNM). Qualitative and quantitative similarity with Vivitrol®, in terms of inactive ingredients, was accomplished by the determination of PLGA. Physicochemical characterization of Vivitrol® helped to identify the critical process parameters in each manufacturing step. After being prepared according to the process parameters revealed by reverse engineering, the GNM demonstrated similarity to Vivitrol® in terms of quality attributes and in vitro release (f2 = 65.3). The research on the development of bioequivalent microspheres based on the similar technology of Vivitrol® will benefit the development of other generic or innovative microspheres.
Collapse
|
43
|
Park K, Otte A, Sharifi F, Garner J, Skidmore S, Park H, Jhon YK, Qin B, Wang Y. Formulation composition, manufacturing process, and characterization of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microparticles. J Control Release 2021; 329:1150-1161. [PMID: 33148404 PMCID: PMC7904638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Injectable long-acting formulations, specifically poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) based systems, have been used to deliver drugs systemically for up to 6 months. Despite the benefits of using this type of long-acting formulations, the development of clinical products and the generic versions of existing formulations has been slow. Only about two dozen formulations have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration during the last 30 years. Furthermore, less than a dozen small molecules have been incorporated and approved for clinical use in PLGA-based formulations. The limited number of clinically used products is mainly due to the incomplete understanding of PLGA polymers and the various variables involved in the composition and manufacturing process. Numerous process parameters affect the formulation properties, and their intricate interactions have been difficult to decipher. Thus, it is necessary to identify all the factors affecting the final formulation properties and determine the main contributors to enable control of each factor independently. The composition of the formulation and the manufacturing processes determine the essential property of each formulation, i.e., in vivo drug release kinetics leading to their respective pharmacokinetic profiles. Since the pharmacokinetic profiles can be correlated with in vitro release kinetics, proper in vitro characterization is critical for both batch-to-batch quality control and scale-up production. In addition to in vitro release kinetics, other in vitro characterization is essential for ensuring that the desired formulation is produced, resulting in an expected pharmacokinetic profile. This article reviews the effects of a selected number of parameters in the formulation composition, manufacturing process, and characterization of microparticle systems. In particular, the emphasis is focused on the characterization of surface morphology of PLGA microparticles, as it is a manifestation of the formulation composition and the manufacturing process. Also, the implication of the surface morphology on the drug release kinetics is examined. The information described here can also be applied to in situ forming implants and solid implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinam Park
- Purdue University, Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Akina, Inc., 3495 Kent Avenue, Suite A200, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA.
| | - Andrew Otte
- Purdue University, Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Farrokh Sharifi
- Purdue University, Biomedical Engineering and Pharmaceutics, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - John Garner
- Akina, Inc., 3495 Kent Avenue, Suite A200, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Sarah Skidmore
- Akina, Inc., 3495 Kent Avenue, Suite A200, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Haesun Park
- Akina, Inc., 3495 Kent Avenue, Suite A200, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Young Kuk Jhon
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Bin Qin
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Generic Drugs, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Engineering microenvironment of biodegradable polyester systems for drug stability and release control. Ther Deliv 2021; 12:37-54. [PMID: 33397135 DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric systems made of poly(lactic acid) or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) are widely used for long-term delivery of small and large molecules. The advantages of poly(lactic acid)/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) systems include biodegradability, safety and a long history of use in US FDA-approved products. However, as drugs delivered by the polymeric systems and their applications become more diverse, the significance of microenvironment change of degrading systems on long-term drug stability and release kinetics has gained renewed attention. In this review, we discuss various issues experienced with acidifying microenvironment of biodegradable polymer systems and approaches to overcome the detrimental effects of polymer degradation on drug stability and release control.
Collapse
|
45
|
Park K, Otte A, Sharifi F, Garner J, Skidmore S, Park H, Jhon YK, Qin B, Wang Y. Potential Roles of the Glass Transition Temperature of PLGA Microparticles in Drug Release Kinetics. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:18-32. [PMID: 33331774 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) has been used for long-acting injectable drug delivery systems for more than 30 years. The factors affecting the properties of PLGA formulations are still not clearly understood. The drug release kinetics of PLGA microparticles are influenced by many parameters associated with the formulation composition, manufacturing process, and post-treatments. Since the drug release kinetics have not been explainable using the measurable properties, formulating PLGA microparticles with desired drug release kinetics has been extremely difficult. Of the various properties, the glass transition temperature, Tg, of PLGA formulations is able to explain various aspects of drug release kinetics. This allows examination of parameters that affect the Tg of PLGA formulations, and thus, affecting the drug release kinetics. The impacts of the terminal sterilization on the Tg and drug release kinetics were also examined. The analysis of drug release kinetics in relation to the Tg of PLGA formulations provides a basis for further understanding of the factors controlling drug release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinam Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Akina, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Andrew Otte
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Farrokh Sharifi
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - John Garner
- Akina, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Sarah Skidmore
- Akina, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Haesun Park
- Akina, Inc., West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States
| | - Young Kuk Jhon
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Bin Qin
- Office of Generic Drugs, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Office of Generic Drugs, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Nkanga CI, Fisch A, Rad-Malekshahi M, Romic MD, Kittel B, Ullrich T, Wang J, Krause RWM, Adler S, Lammers T, Hennink WE, Ramazani F. Clinically established biodegradable long acting injectables: An industry perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 167:19-46. [PMID: 33202261 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Long acting injectable formulations have been developed to sustain the action of drugs in the body over desired periods of time. These delivery platforms have been utilized for both systemic and local drug delivery applications. This review gives an overview of long acting injectable systems that are currently in clinical use. These products are categorized in three different groups: biodegradable polymeric systems, including microparticles and implants; micro and nanocrystal suspensions and oil-based formulations. Furthermore, the applications of these drug delivery platforms for the management of various chronic diseases are summarized. Finally, this review addresses industrial challenges regarding the development of long acting injectable formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Isalomboto Nkanga
- Center for Chemico- and Bio-Medicinal Research (CCBR), Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, B.P. 212, Kinshasa, XI, Democratic Republic of the Congo; Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Fisch
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Birgit Kittel
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ullrich
- Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Rui Werner Maçedo Krause
- Center for Chemico- and Bio-Medicinal Research (CCBR), Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, P.O. Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Sabine Adler
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Farshad Ramazani
- Technical Research and Development, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel 4002, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Jiang G, Jia H, Qiu J, Mo Z, Wen Y, Zhang Y, Wen Y, Xie Q, Ban J, Lu Z, Chen Y, Wu H, Ni Q, Chen F, Lu J, Wang Z, Li H, Chen J. PLGA Nanoparticle Platform for Trans-Ocular Barrier to Enhance Drug Delivery: A Comparative Study Based on the Application of Oligosaccharides in the Outer Membrane of Carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:9373-9387. [PMID: 33262593 PMCID: PMC7699454 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s272750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The trans-ocular barrier is a key factor limiting the therapeutic efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide. We developed a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA NPs) surface modified respectively with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2-HP-β-CD), chitosan oligosaccharide and trehalose. Determination of the drug/nanoparticles interactions, characterization of the nanoparticles, in vivo ocular compatibility tests, comparisons of their corneal permeability and their pharmacokinetics in aqueous humor were carried out. Methods All PLGA NPs were prepared by the single emulsion and evaporation method and the drug-nanoparticle interaction was studied. The physiochemical features and in vitro corneal permeability of NPs were characterized while the aqueous humor pharmacokinetics was performed to evaluate in vivo corneal permeability of NPs. Ocular compatibility of NPs was investigated through Draize and histopathological test. Results The PLGA NPs with lactide/glycolide ratio of 50:50 and small particle size (molecular weight 10 kDa) achieved optimal drug release and corneal permeability. Surface modification with different oligosaccharides resulted in uniform particle sizes and similar drug-nanoparticle interactions, although 2-HP-β-CD/PLGA NPs showed the highest entrapment efficiency. In vitro evaluation and aqueous humor pharmacokinetics further revealed that 2-HP-β-CD/PLGA NPs had greater trans-ocular permeation and retention compared to chitosan oligosaccharide/PLGA and trehalose/PLGA NPs. No ocular irritation in vivo was detected after applying modified/unmodified PLGA NPs to rabbit's eyes. Conclusion 2-HP-β-CD/PLGA NPs are a promising nanoplatform for localized ocular drug delivery through topical administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Jiang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanhuan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Guangdong Laboratory Animals, Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jindi Qiu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Mo
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Wen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Wen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchun Xie
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precision Drug Delivery System, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,R&D Innovation Team for Controlled-Release Microparticle Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Ban
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precision Drug Delivery System, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,R&D Innovation Team for Controlled-Release Microparticle Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhufen Lu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precision Drug Delivery System, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,R&D Innovation Team for Controlled-Release Microparticle Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhong Chen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precision Drug Delivery System, Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,R&D Innovation Team for Controlled-Release Microparticle Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wu
- Community Health Service Center of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchun Ni
- Guangzhou General Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fohua Chen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiashu Lu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijiong Wang
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoting Li
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junming Chen
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yoo J, Won YY. Phenomenology of the Initial Burst Release of Drugs from PLGA Microparticles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6053-6062. [PMID: 33449671 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is the most prevalent polymer drug delivery vehicle in use today. There are about 20 commercialized drug products in which PLGA is used as an excipient. In more than half of these formulations, PLGA is used in the form of microparticles (with sizes in the range between 60 nm and 100 μm). The primary role of PLGA is to control the kinetics of drug release toward achieving sustained release of the drug. Unfortunately, most drug-loaded PLGA microparticles exhibit a common drawback: an initial uncontrolled burst of the drug. After 30 years of utilization of PLGA in controlled drug delivery systems, this initial burst drug release still remains an unresolved challenge. In this Review, we present a summary of the proposed mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon and the known factors affecting the burst release process. Also, we discuss examples of recent efforts made to reduce the initial burst release of the drug from PLGA particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yoo
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States of America
| | - You-Yeon Won
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States of America.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sharifi F, Otte A, Yoon G, Park K. Continuous in-line homogenization process for scale-up production of naltrexone-loaded PLGA microparticles. J Control Release 2020; 325:347-358. [PMID: 32645336 PMCID: PMC7434690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Injectable, long-acting drug delivery systems provide effective drug concentrations in the blood for up to 6 months. Naltrexone-loaded poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles were prepared using an in-line homogenization method. It allows the transition from a laboratory scale to scale-up production. This research was designed to understand how the processing parameters affect the properties of the microparticles, such as microparticle size distributions, surface and internal morphologies, drug loadings, and drug release kinetics, and thus, to control them. The in-line homogenization system was used at high flow rates for the oil- and water-phases, e.g., 100 mL/min and 400 mL/min, respectively, to continuously generate microparticles. A high molecular weight (148 kDa) PLGA at various concentrations was used to generate oil-phases with a range of viscosities and also to compare with a 64 and 79 kDa at a single, high concentration. The uniformity of the microparticles was found to be related to the viscosity of the oil-phase. As the viscosity of the oil-phase increased from 52.6 mPa∙s to 4046 mPa∙s, the span value (a measure of uniformity) increased from 1.24 to 3.1 for the microparticles generated at the homogenization speed of 2000 RPM. Increasing the PLGA concentration from 5.58% to 16.85% showed a corresponding rise in the encapsulation efficiency from 74.0% to 85.8% and drug loading (DL) from 27.4% to 31.7% for the microparticles made with the homogenization speed of 2000 RPM. These increases may be due to a faster shell formulation, enabling PLGA microparticles to entrap more naltrexone into the structure. A higher DL, however, shortened the drug release duration from 56 to 42 days. The changes in morphology of the microparticles during different phases of the in vitro release study were also studied for three types of microparticles made with different PLGA concentrations and molecular weights. As PLGA microparticles went through structural changes, the surface showed raisin-like wrinkled morphologies within the first 10 days. Then, the microparticles swelled to form smooth surfaces. The in-line approach produced PLGA microparticles with a highly reproducible size distribution, DL, and naltrexone release rate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farrokh Sharifi
- Purdue University, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Andrew Otte
- Purdue University, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Gwangheum Yoon
- Purdue University, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Chong Kun Dang Research (CKD) Institute, Gyeonggi-do 16995, South Korea
| | - Kinam Park
- Purdue University, Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University, Department of Pharmaceutics, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| |
Collapse
|