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Hassan AAA, Kristó K, Ibrahim YHEY, Regdon G, Sovány T. Quality by Design-Guided Systematic Development and Optimization of Mucoadhesive Buccal Films. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2375. [PMID: 37896135 PMCID: PMC10610159 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucoadhesive buccal films have found increased popularity in pharmaceutical drug delivery due to the several advantages that they possess. The present study strives to develop and optimize chitosan-based mucoadhesive buccal films by relying on quality-by-design (QbD) principles. Previous knowledge and experience were employed to firstly identify the critical quality attributes (CQAs), followed by a thorough risk assessment, which led to the selection of seven critical material attributes and process parameters, namely, the polymer grade and concentration, the plasticizer type and concentration, the citric acid (CA) concentration, the amount of the casted solution, and the drying condition. Their effects on the breaking hardness and mucoadhesivity, selected as CQAs, were investigated in three steps by three designs of the experiment (DoE). The medium molecular weight of chitosan (CH) was the preferred choice in the optimized formulation, and its concentration was the most important factor affecting the CQAs, thickness, and moisture content of the films. It was found that 0.364 g/cm2 was the suitable amount of the casting solution, and its optimum drying conditions were presented in the form of a design space. Glycerol (Gly) was the best choice as a plasticizer, and a design space representing several combinations of CH and CA concentrations that produce films with the required quality was constructed at a fixed concentration of 35% Gly. A formula from this design space was selected and employed to load with two model drugs to test its drug-carrying properties for drugs with different physicochemical characteristics. Uniform drug distribution with an immediate release profile was achieved in both drugs, although one of the CQAs was outside of the specifications in the case of lidocaine-containing film. To summarize, the obtention of the optimum mucoadhesive buccal film based on CH was efficiently facilitated by the rational application of QbD principles and the DoE approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alharith A. A. Hassan
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.A.A.H.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum P.O. Box 321, Sudan
| | - Katalin Kristó
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.A.A.H.)
| | - Yousif H.-E. Y. Ibrahim
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.A.A.H.)
- Pharmaceutics Department, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman P.O. Box 382, Sudan
| | - Géza Regdon
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.A.A.H.)
| | - Tamás Sovány
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (A.A.A.H.)
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Silverstein RG, Cromeens MG, Rowland C, Ogbansiegbe JA, Mihas P, Benhabbour SR, Carey ET. Preferred physical characteristics of lidocaine thin film for women with vestibulodynia. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2023; 4:1217035. [PMID: 37790121 PMCID: PMC10544975 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2023.1217035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vestibulodynia (VBD) is the most common cause of sexual pain in the United States, affecting up to 15% of reproductive-aged women during their lifetime with limited treatment options. The purpose of this study was to describe ideal physical characteristics of a vulvar film designed for insertional sexual pain in sexually active women with VBD. Methods Twenty women were recruited to participant in one of six, semi-structured 60-minute focus group discussions regarding treatment options for VBD. Heterosexual women, aged 18-51 years old with a diagnosis of vulvodynia, vestibulodynia or insertional dyspareunia fit the inclusion criteria. Those who reported no episodes of vaginal intercourse in the prior 18 months were excluded. A new vulvar film technology loaded with 50 mg of 5% lidocaine was introduced to the group. Participants took part in focus groups on a rolling basis depending on availability. Focus group discussions were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Two study investigators coded the transcripts using inductive coding and merged their respective projects to resolve disagreements. We analyzed data related to each code to develop code clusters and higher-level primary topics regarding device preferences. Data related to each of these primary topics was analyzed to assess the range of participant attitudes and preferences and to identify patterns within each primary topic. Results One hundred and sixteen women were recruited, and twenty women were enrolled. The mean age for the participants was 33.3 years. Most women were educated with at least some college (93%), White (78.6%), married (75%), and had income greater than $100,000 (50%). Analysis of the focus group discussions identified five common topics addressed by participants: desired loaded medication, film size, film shape, film flexibility, and ease and accuracy of use. Concerns across topics included comfort, sexual spontaneity, and efficacy. Interest in loading the device with other acceptable medications or combination with lidocaine was independently noted in 2/6 (33%) of the focus groups. Discussion Mucoadhesive vulvar thin films may be an acceptable drug delivery system for insertional sexual pain for women with VBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Gina Silverstein
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Caroline Rowland
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Joseph A. Ogbansiegbe
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Paul Mihas
- Odum Institute for Research in Social Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - S. Rahima Benhabbour
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Erin T. Carey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Almotairy A, Alyahya M, Althobaiti A, Almutairi M, Bandari S, Ashour EA, Repka MA. Disulfiram 3D printed film produced via hot-melt extrusion techniques as a potential anticervical cancer candidate. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122709. [PMID: 36801364 PMCID: PMC10023499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is known globally as one of the most common health problems in women. Indeed, one of the most convenient approaches for its treatment is an appropriate bioadhesive vaginal film. This approach provides a local treatment modality, which inevitably decreases dosing frequency and improves patient compliance. Recently, disulfiram (DSF) has been investigated and demonstrated to possess anticervical cancer activity; therefore, it is employed in this work. The current study aimed to produce a novel, personalized three-dimensional (3D) printed DSF extended-release film using the hot-melt extrusion (HME) and 3D printing technologies. The optimization of the formulation composition and the HME and 3D printing processing temperatures was an important factor for overcoming the DSF heat-sensitivity issue. In addition, the 3D printing speed was specifically the most crucial parameter for alleviating heat-sensitivity concerns, which led to the production of films (F1 and F2) with an acceptable DSF content and good mechanical properties. The bioadhesion film study using sheep cervical tissue indicated a reasonable adhesive peak force (N) of 0.24 ± 0.08 for F1 and 0.40 ± 0.09 for F2, while the work of adhesion (N.mm) for F1 and F2 was 0.28 ± 0.14 and 0.54 ± 0.14, respectively. Moreover, the cumulative in vitro release data indicated that the printed films released DSF for up to 24 h. HME-coupled 3D printing successfully produced a patient-centric and personalized DSF extended-release vaginal film with a reduced dose and longer dosing interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Almotairy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy Taibah University, Al Madinah AlMunawarah 30001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alyahya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed Althobaiti
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Mashan Almutairi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail 81442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suresh Bandari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Eman A Ashour
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA.
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Surendranath M, Ramesan RM, Nair P, Parameswaran R. Electrospun Mucoadhesive Zein/PVP Fibroporous Membrane for Transepithelial Delivery of Propranolol Hydrochloride. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:508-523. [PMID: 36373686 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems have been extensively studied to effectively reduce the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems. Zein and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) are appraised for mucoadhesive properties. This study focuses on developing a mechanically stable zein/PVP electrospun membrane for propranolol hydrochloride (PL) transport. Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectra, and swelling studies gave evidence for PVP crosslinking, whereas circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed crosslinking of zein owing to the conformational change from α-helix to β-sheet. A 10 h thermal treatment of zein/PVP imparted 3.92 ± 0.13 MPa tensile strength to the matrix. Thermally crosslinked electrospun zein/PVP matrix showed 22.1 ± 0.1 g mm work of adhesion in porcine buccal mucosa tissue. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of cytotoxicity in RPMI 2650 has been carried out. The in vitro drug release profile of PL from thermally crosslinked zein/PVP best fitted with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Immunostaining of β-catenin adherens junctional protein confirmed the absence of paracellular transport through the junctional opening. Still, drug permeation was observed through the porcine buccal mucosa, attributed to the transcellular transport of PL owing to its lipophilicity. The ex vivo permeation of PL through porcine buccal mucosa was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Surendranath
- Division of Polymeric Medical Devices, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram695012, Kerala, India
| | - Rekha M Ramesan
- Division of Biosurface Technology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram695012, Kerala, India
| | - Prakash Nair
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram695012, Kerala, India
| | - Ramesh Parameswaran
- Division of Polymeric Medical Devices, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram695012, Kerala, India
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Koopaie M, Nassar DHMA, Shokrolahi M. Three-dimensional bioprinting of mucoadhesive scaffolds for the treatment of oral mucosal lesions; an in vitro study. 3D Print Med 2022; 8:30. [PMID: 36169760 PMCID: PMC9516826 DOI: 10.1186/s41205-022-00157-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic oral lesions could be a part of some diseases, including mucocutaneous diseases, immunobullous diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, and graft versus host diseases. Systemic steroids are an effective treatment, but they cause unfavorable and even severe systemic side effects. Discontinuation of systemic corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive drugs leads to relapse, confirming the importance of long-term corticosteroid use. The present study aims to fabricate a mucoadhesive scaffold using three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting for sustained drug delivery in oral mucosal lesions to address the clinical need for alternative treatment, especially for those who do not respond to routine therapy. Methods 3D bioprinting method was used for the fabrication of the scaffolds. Scaffolds were fabricated in three layers; adhesive/drug-containing, backing, and middle layers. For evaluation of the release profile of the drug, artificial saliva was used as the release medium. Mucoadhesive scaffolds were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and SEM surface reconstruction. The pH of mucoadhesive scaffolds and swelling efficacy were measured using a pH meter and Enslin dipositive, respectively. A microprocessor force gauge was used for the measurement of tensile strength. For the evaluation of the cytotoxicity, oral keratinocyte cells' survival rate was evaluated by the MTT method. Folding endurance tests were performed using a stable microsystem texture analyzer and analytic probe mini tensile grips. Results All scaffolds had the same drug release trend; An initial rapid explosive release during the first 12 h, followed by a gradual release. The scaffolds showed sustained drug release and continued until the fourth day. The pH of the surface of the scaffolds was 5.3–6.3, and the rate of swelling after 5 h was 28 ± 3.2%. The tensile strength of the scaffolds containing the drug was 7.8 ± 0.12 MPa. The scaffolds were non-irritant to the mucosa, and the folding endurance of the scaffolds was over three hundred times. Conclusion The scaffold fabricated using the 3D bioprinting method could be suitable for treating oral mucosal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Koopaie
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Duha Hayder Mohammad Ali Nassar
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar St, P.O.BOX:14395 -433, Tehran, 14399-55991, Iran.
| | - Mahvash Shokrolahi
- New Technologies Research Center, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
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