Exploring the permeability of Amphotericin B trough serum albumin dispersions and lipid nanocarriers for oral delivery

Characterizing the Complex Multi-Step Degradation Kinetics of Amphotericin B in a Microemulsified Drug Delivery System

Amphotericin B (AmB), a potent amphiphilic drug with antifungal and antileishmanial properties, exhibits reduced nephrotoxicity when delivered via lipid-based systems like microemulsions (ME). However, the complexity of these multi-phasic systems challenges the use of simple schemes and models for describing AmB degradation. The aim of this study was to establish a degradation scheme and model for AmB within a ME, alongside a control micellar formulation. AmB degradation pathways and models in both lipidic and aqueous systems were evaluated based on prior research. Experimental investigations into interface degradation pathways were conducted using a micellar approach. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was employed for AmB quantification. Oxidation emerges as the principal degradation pathway within micelles, dependent on surfactant-induced aggregation. Considering AmB's behavior in distinct media (lipidic, aqueous, and micellar), an empirical degradation scheme is proposed, translated into a complex multi-pathway mathematical model capable of describing experimental data on AmB degradation in ME under dark conditions. Aggregation and oxidation played significant roles, and kinetic constants were calculated for AmB in ME. The model presented here represents a significant step toward accurately describing the non-linear degradation of AmB in prospective liquid lipid-based dispersions, potentially advancing its market prospects.

Hybrid Albumin-Decorated Lipid-Nanocarrier-Mediated Delivery of Polyphenol-Rich Sambucus nigra L. in a Potential Multiple Antitumoural Therapy

The current research attempted to address the suitability of bioactive Sambucus nigra extract entrapped in albumin-decorated nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as a promising "adjuvant" in improving tumour penetration for multiple antitumour therapy. The new hybrid albumin-decorated NLCs were characterised based on, e.g., the particle size, zeta electrokinetic potential, SambucusN entrapment efficiency, and fluorescence spectroscopy and tested for different formulation parameters. The antioxidant activity of NLC-SambucusN was significantly enhanced by a bovine serum albumin (BSA) polymer coating. According to the real-time cell analysis (RTCA) results, NLC-I-SambucusN-BSA behaved similarly to the chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin, with cell viability for LoVo tumour cells of 21.81 ± 1.18%. The new albumin-NLC-SambucusN arrested cancer cells in G1 and G2 cycles and intensified the apoptosis process in both early and late phases. An advanced induction, over 50% apoptosis in LoVo colon cells, was registered for 50 μg/mL of NLC-II-SambucusN-BSA, a fourfold increase compared to that of untreated cells. RTCA and flow cytometry results showed that concentrations of the hybrid NLC-SambucusN up to 50 μg/mL do not affect the proliferation of normal HUVEC cells. This approach provides insightful information regarding the involvement of phytochemicals in future therapeutic strategies. Albumin-decorated NLCs can be considered a noteworthy strategy to be connected to antitumour therapeutic protocols.

Chitosan decorated oleosomes loaded propranolol hydrochloride hydrogel repurposed for Candida albicans-vaginal infection

Aim: Our investigation aims to estimate the antifungal effect of propranolol hydrochloride (PNL). Methods: Oleosomes (OLs) were fabricated by thin-film hydration and evaluated for entrapment efficiency (EE%), particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and amount of drug released after 6 h Q6h (%). Results: The optimal OL showed a rounded shape with optimum characteristics. The ex-vivo permeation and confocal laser scanning microscopy verified the prolonged release and well deposition of PNL-loaded OLs-gel. The in-silico assessment demonstrated the good stability of PNL with OLs' ingredients. In vivo evaluations for PNL-loaded OLs-gel showed a good antifungal impact against Candida albicans with good safety. Conclusion: This work highlights the potential of PNL-loaded OLs-gel as a potential treatment for candida vaginal infection.