The Bcl-2 protein expression in germinal centers of hypertrophied adenoids in children

The TIMP-1 expression in germinal centers of hypertrophied adenoids in children

OBJECTIVES

The main aim of this study was to evaluate TIMP-1 expression in germinal centers of hypertrophied adenoids in children on the assumption that it can be treated as a marker of adenoidal tissue function.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

The study involved 54 children undergoing adenoidectomy; divided into three age groups: aged up to 5 years (8 children), 5-10 years (31 children) and over 10 years (15 children). The analyzed material was adenoids removed on the ground of hypertrophy, which caused obstructive symptoms and/or otitis media with effusion onset. Immunohistochemical analyses were carried out using monoclonal mouse antibody (Ab) (Novocastra) directed against human TIMP-1 protein. The presence of TIMP-1 positive lymphocytes within germinal centers and TIMP-1 immunostaining were scored.

RESULTS

The immunohistochemical staining showed the TIMP-1 positive lymphocytes mainly within the mantle zone. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean age of children for TIMP-1 immunoreaction levels. We have not found statistical correlation between the TIMP-1 staining and the clinical status of patients.

CONCLUSION

It is difficult to interpret our results. Our findings did not demonstrate changes in TIMP-1 expression according to age. This may indicate that the processes of hyperplasia, hypertrophy and atrophy of adenoid are not influenced by age and support our thesis that adenoid involution is rather the effect of changes in the number of lymphoid follicles that changes in them. However there is a need for further observational studies of TIMPs and MMPs in adenoid tissue.

[Expression Fas and FasL antigen protein of lymphocytes T and B in hypertrophied adenoid in children with otitis media with effusion]

INTRODUCTION

Apoptosis of lymphocytes can be induced by different factors mainly however the activation of antigen Fas (CD95) and his ligand FasL (CD95L) route. Apoptosis induced by Fas-FasL has large significance in elimination of lymphocytes T in final phase immune response designate AICD (activation induced cell death). Lymphocytes B undergo apoptosis induced by Fas-FasL in germinal center, which has special meaning in elimination of cells about low specificity and weak affinity of receptor BCR ( B-cell antigen receptor).

AIM OF STUDY

The aim of this study was evaluation of percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes and expression of Fas and FasL in CD4+, CD8+, CD19+ lymphocytes in hypertrophied adenoid and hypertrophied adenoid and otitis media with effusion.

METHODS

CD4+Fas+, CD8+Fas+, CD19+Fas+CD4+FasL+, CD8+FasL+, CD19+FasL+ cells subpopulation were identified using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry method.

RESULTS

The percentage of lymphocytes CD4+ Fas+, CD8+Fas+, CD19+Fas+ was higher in hypertrophied adenoid and otitis media with effusion compored to the control group. Their was no significant difference the percentage CD4+ Fas+, CD8+Fas+, CD19+Fas+CD4+FasL+, CD8+FasL+, CD19+FasL+ in hypertrophied adenoid and otitis media with effusion then the control group. The percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes was higher in hypertrophied adenoid and otitis media with effusion compored to the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

The susceptibility the individual subpopulation of lymphocytes in hypertrophied adenoid seems to influence on change of relations of quantitative lymphocytes and upset the immunological function of tonsils which can influence on course otitis media with effusion at children.

The Bak protein expression in germinal centers of hypertrophied adenoids in children

The aim of this study was to evaluate pro-apoptotic Bak expression in the germinal centers of adenoid in children on the assumption of the potential usefulness of Bak as adenoid function marker. The study involved 95 children undergoing adenoidectomy; divided into three age groups: aged up to 5 years (25 children), 5-10 years (54 children) and over 10 years (16 children). The analyzed material was adenoids removed on the ground of hypertrophy. Immunohistochemical analyses were carried out using goat polyclonal Bak antibodies (DAKO) directed against human Bak protein. The presence of Bak positive lymphocytes within germinal centers and Bak immunostaining were scored. The immunohistochemical staining showed the Bak positive lymphocytes mainly within the germinal centers of the lymphoid follicles. The Bak reactivity was also present in hyperplastic lymphoid tissue within the subepithelial B lymphocytes. We have not found statistically significant correlation between Bak expression and clinical status and change in Bak expression level according to age. The apoptotic presence within the germinal centers are the manifestation of which is Bak expression and its lack in the mantle zone, what we confirmed in our former study by describing Bcl-2 expression, seems to be a proper B cells maturation marker within lymphoid follicles. Our finding shows that these processes are not influenced by age and supports our thesis that adenoid involution is rather the effect of changes in the number of lymphoid follicles that changes in them.