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Tattoli L, Sussetto L, Di Vella G. Traumatic hemorrhage of the thyroid as a work-related injury: a case report and review of the literature. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023:10.1007/s12024-023-00688-1. [PMID: 37556050 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic hemorrhage of the thyroid gland resulting from blunt injury to the neck is a very rare event. Particular neck positions can expose the thyroid to trauma, especially in motor vehicle collisions, falls, direct blows, or sport activities. Preexisting conditions such as goiters, adenomas, and cysts can increase the risk of bleeding, reducing the force required to rupture the gland and make the thyroid more prone to injury. The authors report the case of a 53-year-old man who was involved in a fire while working on maintenance of a liquid petroleum gas (LPG)-powered car. He subsequently presented to the emergency department with painful swelling of his right anterior neck with a palpable mass. CT scan showed a right thyroid hemorrhagic cyst. The worker reported that he had jumped into the car trunk to extinguish the fire and covered the gas tank nozzle with his own body to prevent dispersal of the accelerant. In this case, the medico-legal evaluation was useful to delineate between natural and traumatic causes of the injury. Medico-legal assessment is key in understanding the dynamics involved in work-related events to identify any legal responsibilities of the worker or the employer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Tattoli
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Turin, Corso Galileo Galilei 22, 10126, Turin, Italy.
| | - Luca Sussetto
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Turin, Corso Galileo Galilei 22, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Di Vella
- Department of Public Health and Paediatrics, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Turin, Corso Galileo Galilei 22, 10126, Turin, Italy
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Shenoy MS, Mathew V, Mathews I, George N, Joseph G. Isolated Cricoid Fracture and Thyroid Hematoma in Blunt Injury of the Neck. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:5028-5032. [PMID: 36742656 PMCID: PMC9895519 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-021-02659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Blunt trauma to the neck may result in life threatening injuries due to airway compromise. Thyroid Injury in a previously normal gland is rare, so is Isolated Cricoid Fracture. The expanding thyroid hematoma and an unstable larynx compound the effects of compression and lead to sudden deterioration of the patient. Case Report We report the case of young male, who sustained a blunt injury in front of the neck. He developed a swelling in the front of his neck and suddenly deteriorated, needing intubation and airway management. Computed Tomographic imaging of the neck showed thyroid hematoma and fracture of the cricoid ring requiring an emergency hemi thyroidectomy and fixation of the cricoid fracture. Discussion This case brings forth the occurrence of two rare entities, Thyroid hematoma and Isolated Cricoid fracture in the same patient needing expert airway management and exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Mathew
- VPS Lakeshore Hospital, Nettoor, Kochi, 40 Kerala India
| | | | - Nita George
- VPS Lakeshore Hospital, Nettoor, Kochi, 40 Kerala India
| | - George Joseph
- VPS Lakeshore Hospital, Nettoor, Kochi, 40 Kerala India
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Bansil NH. Shattered thyroid gland from blunt neck trauma in a child. Am J Emerg Med 2021; 49:163-165. [PMID: 34118784 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid gland rupture in a child secondary to blunt trauma is an extremely rare occurrence. The number of published cases of thyroid gland injuries in children is very limited in the research literature. A case report of shattered thyroid gland in a child is presented. This case highlights potential life-threatening complications and reviews management of thyroid gland injuries. Based on this case and other published pediatric case reports, conservative management may be a reasonable approach in thyroid gland injuries from blunt neck trauma in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson H Bansil
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA, United States.
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An Adolescent with Transient Hyperthyroxinemia after Blunt Trauma to Head and Neck. Case Rep Endocrinol 2021; 2021:6628035. [PMID: 33927905 PMCID: PMC8049829 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6628035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid storm is a well-known complication of surgical procedures in the lower neck, but is rare after a blunt neck trauma. The cases described previously have mainly focussed on adults with pre-existent thyroid disease. In this case report, we describe the disease course of a previously healthy adolescent who had asymptomatic hyperthyroxinemia after a blunt trauma of the jaw and neck. Case Presentation. A 17-year-old girl presented at our emergency department after she fell on her head while roller blading. On physical examination, among other injuries, she had a swelling in the lower neck, which appeared to involve the thyroid gland. Subsequent laboratory analysis was indicative of primary hyperthyroxinemia, with a free T4 of 59 pmol/L (reference range: 12–22) and a TSH of 0.46 mU/L (reference range: 0.5–4.3), but the patient had no symptoms fitting with this. Four weeks after the initial presentation, the patient reported only complaints regarding tenderness in the jaw and neck region. She was no longer hyperthyroidic on biochemical evaluation (with a free T4 level of 15.6 pmol/L and a TSH level of 0.33 mU/L), and antibodies against thyroid peroxidase or TSH receptor were not present. Conclusions This case might indicate that hyperthyroxinemia following a neck trauma may go unnoticed if hyperthyroid symptoms are mild or absent and thyroid function tests are not performed.
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Cricotracheal separation: do not get fooled by what you see. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2020; 278:471-476. [PMID: 32592012 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-020-06140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laryngeal involvement in neck trauma is quite considerable. The presence of a cricotracheal separation type of injury can be easily missed and overlooked, especially if the neck does not show any external signs. Blunt trauma to the neck affects many anatomical structures inside the intact-looking neck that threatens the victim's life. At exploration, the surgeon must be aware of the full impact of the injury on different neck structures. AIM OF WORK Raise the attention on the proper management of laryngeal trauma victims. PATIENTS AND METHOD This is a retrospective study carried out on 23 patients who suffered from cricotracheal separation as a result of laryngeal trauma. RESULTS Cricotracheal separation is a frequent finding in an innocent-looking neck. The mechanism of the trauma itself is an excellent clue to suspect its presence. CONCLUSION This type of laryngeal injury must be kept in mind and must be suspected. Some recommendations and guidelines are presented on the proper handling of such patients.
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Nguyen CT, Bunevich J. Hemorrhagic Thyroid Nodule Resulting in Expanding Neck Hematoma Following Blunt Cervical Trauma. EAR, NOSE & THROAT JOURNAL 2019; 98:195-196. [PMID: 31056945 DOI: 10.1177/0145561318823396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cang T Nguyen
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Mercy Health-St. Elizabeth Boardman Hospital, Boardman, OH, USA
| | - Jared Bunevich
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology, Mercy Health-St. Elizabeth Boardman Hospital, Boardman, OH, USA
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Lemke J, Schreiber MN, Henne-Bruns D, Cammerer G, Hillenbrand A. Thyroid gland hemorrhage after blunt neck trauma: case report and review of the literature. BMC Surg 2017; 17:115. [PMID: 29183351 PMCID: PMC5706149 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-017-0322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid hemorrhage is considered to be an uncommon complication following blunt trauma to the neck. This condition is potentially life-threatening due to airway compression and may therefore require emergency airway management and surgical intervention in some cases. Case presentation We present the case of a 52-year-old woman who experienced a traumatic thyroid gland rupture (right lobe) with subsequent active arterial bleeding from branches of the inferior thyroid artery. On the same day, the patient presented to our emergency department with a painful swelling of the neck with an inspiratory stridor and hoarseness a few hours after a cycling accident. A right hemithyroidectomy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful. We identified 33 additional cases published in English literature within the last 30 years, reporting blunt trauma to the neck with hemorrhagic complication of the thyroid gland. We provide a systematic review and particularly consider the aspects of endocrine surgery. Conclusion The treatment approach for patients with blunt thyroid trauma should be dependent on the extent of the thyroid injury. Patients with tracheal compression, active bleeding and increasing hoarseness/shortness of breath require emergency airway control and often surgical exploration for hemorrhage control followed by resection of the ruptured thyroid. Importantly, in contrast to routine thyroid surgery, no electromyographic endotracheal tube is used during emergency intubation. Exchange of an endotracheal tube should be carefully evaluated due to difficult airway management in this setting. For protection against double-sided recurrent nerve palsy and postoperative hypoparathyroidism, a unilateral approach is preferable whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Lemke
- Department Surgery, Division of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Markus N Schreiber
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- Department Surgery, Division of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gregor Cammerer
- Department Surgery, Division of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Hillenbrand
- Department Surgery, Division of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Medical Center, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Hara H, Hirose Y, Yamashita H. Thyroid gland rupture caused by blunt trauma to the neck. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:114. [PMID: 26892467 PMCID: PMC4759855 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-1932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid rupture following blunt trauma is extremely rare, and neck pain without swelling may be the only presenting symptom. However, hemorrhage and hematoma subsequently causes severe tracheal compression and respiratory distress. Case presentation A 71-year-old Japanese woman visited our emergency room with a complaint of increasing right-sided neck pain at the thyroid cartilage level after she tripped and accidentally hit her neck against a pole 3 h back. On admission, her vital signs were stable. There was no swelling or subcutaneous emphysema. Laryngeal endoscopy revealed mild laryngeal edema, although there was no impairment in vocal fold mobility on either side. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed rupture of the right lobe of the thyroid gland accompanied by a large hematoma extending from the neck to the mediastinum. Under general anesthesia, the right lobe was resected and the hematoma was evacuated. Conclusion Only a few isolated cases of thyroid rupture caused by blunt neck trauma have been reported in patients with normal thyroid glands and neck pain without swelling may be the only presenting symptom. When suspected, CT should be performed to confirm the diagnosis determine the optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Hara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Hirose
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Yamashita
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
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Arana-Garza S, Juarez-Parra M, Monterrubio-Rodríguez J, Cedillo-Alemán E, Orozco-Agüet D, Zamudio-Vázquez Z, Garza-Jasso T. Thyroid gland rupture after blunt neck trauma: A case report and review of the literature. Int J Surg Case Rep 2015; 12:44-7. [PMID: 26001363 PMCID: PMC4485687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The proximity to the skin’s surface make several vital structures vulnerable to injury after blunt neck trauma. Isolated injury to the thyroid gland is rare and most cases have a predisposing disease such as goiter. CT-scan is helpful in evaluating the neck structures and evidencing injury to the thyroid. Surgical exploration remains the most common treatment strategy, all cases should be individualized.
Introduction Soft tissue injuries are relatively common after blunt neck trauma, because of its complex anatomy, many vital structures can be compromised. Isolated trauma to the thyroid is highly uncommon and there are few cases reported in the literature. Presentation of case A 19 year-old female patient with no known pathologies who sustained direct blunt trauma to the right frontal half of the neck after falling down from a stair case. She arrived at the ER with moderate neck swelling and pain. There were no visible hematomas and no respiratory compromise was noted. Contrast enhanced CT-scan showed rupture and hematoma of the right thyroid lobe; she underwent surgical exploration with hemi thyroidectomy and recovered uneventfully. Discussion Despite soft tissue injuries are relatively common after blunt neck trauma, isolated thyroid gland injury is extremely rare and is present in about 1–2% of the cases and in most of the cases there is an underlining pathology within the gland. Most patients arrived at the emergency room hemodynamically stable, presenting neck swelling, pain, respiratory distress, dysphagia and hoarseness. Diagnosis strategy should be focused to rule out respiratory or vascular compromise. Surgical exploration remains the most common treatment strategy. Conclusions Although the rarity of this condition, physicians should take in mind the possibility of thyroid injury after blunt neck trauma. Early detection and prompt treatment, can reduce life threatening complications. Management should be individualized to patient’s characteristics and surgeon’s experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Arana-Garza
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad, Av. Hidalgo No. 2525 Poniente, Colonia Obispado, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Marco Juarez-Parra
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad, Av. Hidalgo No. 2525 Poniente, Colonia Obispado, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Jeronimo Monterrubio-Rodríguez
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad, Av. Hidalgo No. 2525 Poniente, Colonia Obispado, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Enrique Cedillo-Alemán
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad, Av. Hidalgo No. 2525 Poniente, Colonia Obispado, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - David Orozco-Agüet
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad, Av. Hidalgo No. 2525 Poniente, Colonia Obispado, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Zaire Zamudio-Vázquez
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad, Av. Hidalgo No. 2525 Poniente, Colonia Obispado, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Tanya Garza-Jasso
- Department of General Surgery, Hospital Christus Muguerza Alta Especialidad, Av. Hidalgo No. 2525 Poniente, Colonia Obispado, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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von Ahnen T, von Ahnen M, Wirth U, Zhorzel S, Kober E, Habbel C, Schardey HM, Schopf S. [Traumatic thyroid rupture: case report and review of the literature]. Wien Med Wochenschr 2014; 164:239-44. [PMID: 24849373 DOI: 10.1007/s10354-014-0281-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic rupture of the thyroid gland is rare. A common approach does not exist. Surgical and nonsurgical management have been advocated. METHOD This work summarizes the publications in PubMed including an own case. This study will analyse the accident mechanism, the underlying thyroid pathologies, possible pathogenetic mechanisms of airway obstruction and the therapeutic options. A present classification is revised in order to develop it into a treatment proposal. RESULTS A total of 34 case reports were analysed. The first half had to be performed a surgery on, the other half was observed without surgical treatment. None of the patients died of his injury. 59% of the patients, that had to be performed a surgery on had thyroid pathology before rupture. 50% of all patients had a road accident as a cause for the rupture. CONCLUSION The revised classification and treatment proposal developed here presents a clinically-viable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas von Ahnen
- Abteilung für Visceral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Krankenhaus Agatharied, 83734, Hausham, Deutschland,
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