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Kilinc DD, Mansiz D. Myofunctional orofacial examination tests: a literature review. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:350. [PMID: 37268963 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myofunctional orofacial examination (MOE) is an important tool for the assessment of the stomatognathic system and orofacial functions, and the early diagnosis of orofacial myofunctional disorders. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to scan the literature and determine the most preferred test for myofunctional orofacial examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review was conducted to collect information. Pubmed and ScienceDirect database was explored by using keywords gained by MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). RESULTS Fifty-six studies were retrived from the search and all of the studies were screened and evaluated regarding the subject, aim, conclusions and the orofacial myofunctional examination test they used. It has been observed that traditional evaluation and inspection methods have been replaced by newer and methodological approaches in recent years. CONCLUSIONS Although the few tests used differ, 'Orofacial Examination Test With Scores' (OMES) was found to be the most preferred myofunctional orofacial evaluation method from ENT to cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Duygu Mansiz
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Volkov SI, Ginter OV, Covantev S, Corlateanu A. Adenoid Hypertrophy, Craniofacial Growth and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Crucial Triad in Children. CURRENT RESPIRATORY MEDICINE REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573398x16999201202122440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related (physiological) AH is an important problem in pediatric otorhinolaryngology.
Since the beginning of the 70s, there has been an increase in the proportion of children with
pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy. Functional disorders of the oropharynx in children occupy the second
place based on their incidence (after disorders of the musculoskeletal system). In previous
years, there has been an increase in the incidence and prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
(OSAS) among children. In most cases of pediatric OSAS, upper airway obstruction occurs
from the nasopharynx to the oropharynx, caused by upper airway stenosis. Consequences of untreated
OSAS in children can be inattention and behavioral problems, daytime sleepiness, and in
more severe cases are associated with a variety of comorbidities. The current review discusses the
links between hypertrophied adenoids, craniofacial development and OSAS in children taking into
account physiological and pathophysiological aspects as well as clinical evaluation of the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav I. Volkov
- Department of Endocrinology, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga V. Ginter
- Department of Neurology, Schon Klinik, Bad Aibling, Germany
| | - Serghei Covantev
- Department of General Surgery, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandru Corlateanu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Medical and Pharmaceutical University of “N. Testimetanu”, Chisinau, Moldova, Republic of
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Morais‐Almeida M, Wandalsen GF, Solé D. Growth and mouth breathers. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Morais-Almeida M, Wandalsen GF, Solé D. Growth and mouth breathers. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2019; 95 Suppl 1:66-71. [PMID: 30611649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship between mouth breathing and growth disorders among children and teenagers. DATA SOURCE Search on MEDLINE database, over the last 10 years, by using the following terms: "mouth breathing", "adenotonsilar hypertrophy", "allergic rhinitis", "sleep disturbance" AND "growth impairment", "growth hormone", "failure to thrive", "short stature", or "failure to thrive". DATA SUMMARY A total of 247 articles were identified and, after reading the headings, this number was reduced to 45 articles, whose abstracts were read and, of these, 20 were deemed important and were included in the review. In addition of these articles, references mentioned in them and specific books on mouth breathing deemed important were included. Hypertrophy of palatine and/or pharyngeal tonsils, whether associated with allergic rhinitis, as well as poorly controlled allergic rhinitis, are the main causes of mouth breathing in children. Respiratory sleep disorders are frequent among these patients. Several studies associate mouth breathing with reduced growth, as well as with reduced growth hormone release, which are reestablished after effective treatment of mouth breathing (clinical and/or surgical). CONCLUSIONS Mouth breathing should be considered as a potential cause of growth retardation in children; pediatricians should assess these patients in a broad manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Morais-Almeida
- Centro de Alergia dos Hospitais CUF, Lisbon, Portugal; Sociedade Portuguesa de Alergologia e Imunologia Clínica, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Falbo Wandalsen
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dirceu Solé
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Departamento de Pediatria, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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de Luccas GR, Berretin-Felix G, Fukushiro AP. Weblog "How Do I Breathe?"-Design and View Statistics. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 23:41-49. [PMID: 30647783 PMCID: PMC6331300 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1657792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction
Breathing is one of the vital functions of the body and is essential for the maintenance of life. Preventive measures for respiratory disorders can be used by the population, as well as early self-diagnosis and immediate search for treatment based on knowledge of this subject.
Objective
this study developed a weblog on the breathing function targeting young people and analyzed the statistical data of views until the present moment.
Methods
The weblog was developed, and the stages of analysis, design, development and implementation were followed. All texts were evaluated by the Flesch Reading Index to verify the language, and the statistical data were analyzed by the number of views, countries with the highest number of views, search terms used, most viewed pages and number of comments on the blog.
Results
Issues related to the breathing function and those most cited in the literature were selected. The blog was structured using pages with content and curiosities, with texts with minimum readability of 50%, and was made available on the internet by means of the Wordpress tool. The statistics showed an increase in the number of visits after August 2015; the countries with the highest number of views were Brazil, United States and Portugal; the search terms used were unknown or related to mouth breathing; the most viewed pages related to mouth breathing and the comments addressed questions on mouth breathing, reports and compliments.
Conclusion
The blog “How do I breathe?,” aimed at young people and containing information about the breathing function, was developed and is available on the internet at the address:
https://comoeurespiro.wordpress.com
.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Ramos de Luccas
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru da Universidade de São Paulo, Campus Bauru, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Giédre Berretin-Felix
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru da Universidade de São Paulo, Campus Bauru, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Fukushiro
- Department of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru da Universidade de São Paulo, Campus Bauru, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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Neiva PD, Franco LP, Kirkwood RN, Becker HG. The effect of adenotonsillectomy on the position of head, cervical and thoracic spine and scapular girdle of mouth breathing children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 107:101-106. [PMID: 29501288 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The clinical decision for surgical treatment of children diagnosed with mouth breathing depends on the percentage of mechanical obstruction correlated with exacerbation of upper respiratory tract infections and systemic changes. The benefits of adenotonsillectomy include changes in the nasopharyngeal space, the mandibular plane and myofunctional alterations. Post-adenotonsilectomy postural benefits have not yet been described. OBJECTIVES To investigate the kinematics of the shoulder girdle, cervical and thoracic spine in children with mouth breathing before and after adenotonsillectomy. METHODS Forty-nine mouth breathing children (6.3 ± 1.8 years) of both sexes participated in the study. The measures of thoracic kyphosis, forward head position, shoulders protrusion and abduction, elevation, anterior tilt and internal rotation of the scapula were evaluated before and after surgery. The kinematic data were obtained using the system Qualysis ProReflex®. RESULTS There was a significant decrease in forward head position, shoulders protrusion, elevation and anterior tilt of the scapula after surgery compared to the pre-operative. CONCLUSION One of adenotonsillectomy results is the improvement of the posture of the head and the shoulder girdle of mouth breathing children. Clinically these findings are important and will contribute to improving the quality of life of mouth breathing children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Dayrell Neiva
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Otohinolaryngologic Outpatient Clinic for Mouth-Breathers, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department Physiotherapy, Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC Minas), Belo Horizonte 30535610, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Paiva Franco
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Otohinolaryngologic Outpatient Clinic for Mouth-Breathers, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Renata Noce Kirkwood
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Science, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Helena Gonçalves Becker
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Department of Otohinolaryngologic Outpatient Clinic for Mouth-Breathers, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Milanesi JDM, Berwig LC, Schuch LH, Ritzel RA, Silva AMTD, Corrêa ECR. Nasal patency and otorhinolaryngologic-orofacial features in children. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2017; 85:83-91. [PMID: 29233518 PMCID: PMC9442814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nasal obstruction is a common symptom in childhood, related to rhinitis and pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy. In the presence of nasal obstruction, nasal patency may be reduced, and nasal breathing is replaced by mouth breathing. Orofacial and otorhinolaryngologic changes are related to this breathing mode. Objective evaluation of upper airways may be obtained through nasal patency measurement. OBJECTIVE To compare nasal patency and otorhinolaryngologic-orofacial features in children. METHODS One hundred and twenty three children, 6-12 year-old, and of both sexes underwent speech therapy evaluation, according to Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation protocol, clinical and endoscopic otorhinolaryngologic examination and nasal patency measurement, using the absolute and predicted (%) peak nasal inspiratory flow values. RESULTS Lower values of absolute and estimated peak nasal inspiratory flow values were found in children with restless sleep (p=0.006 and p=0.002), nasal obstruction report (p=0.027 and p=0.023), runny nose (p=0.004 and p=0.012), unsystematic lip closure during mastication (p=0.040 and p=0.026), masticatory speed reduced (p=0.006 and p=0.008) and altered solid food swallowing (p=0.006 and p=0.001). Absolute peak nasal inspiratory flow was lower in children with pale inferior turbinate (p=0.040), reduced hard palate width (p=0.037) and altered speech (p=0.004). Higher absolute values were found in children with increased tongue width (p=0.027) and, higher absolute and predicted (%) in children with mild everted lip (p=0.008 and p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS Nasal patency was lower in children with restless sleep, rhinitis signs and symptoms, hard palate width reduced and with changes in mastication, deglutition and speech functions. It is also emphasized that most of the children presented signs and symptom of allergic rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovana de Moura Milanesi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Distúrbios de Comunicação Humana, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luana Cristina Berwig
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Distúrbios de Comunicação Humana, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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de Felício CM, da Silva Dias FV, Folha GA, de Almeida LA, de Souza JF, Anselmo-Lima WT, Trawitzki LVV, Valera FCP. Orofacial motor functions in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea and implications for myofunctional therapy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 90:5-11. [PMID: 27729152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purposes of this study were (1) to identify possible differences in muscular and orofacial functions between children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and with primary snoring (PS); (2) to examine the standardized difference between normal values of myofunctional scores and those of subjects with OSA or PS; and (3) to identify the features associated with OSA. METHODS Participants were 39 children (mean age 8 ± 1.2 years) of which, 27 had a diagnosis of OSA and 12 had PS. All participants were examined by an otorhinolaryngologist and underwent overnight polysomnography. Orofacial characteristics were determined through a validated protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores (OMES), surface electromyography of masticatory muscles, and measurements of maximal lip and tongue strength. Reference values in the OMES were included to quantify the standardized difference (effect size = ES) relative to the groups studied and in the regression analysis. RESULTS The OSA group had lower scores in breathing and deglutition, more unbalanced masticatory muscle activities than PS group (P < 0.05), but both groups had similar reductions in orofacial strength. OSA had a large ES (Cohen's d > 0.8) in all analysed OMES scores, while PS group showed small and medium differences in breathing and mastication scores, respectively. The mobility of the stomatognathic components score was the most important to contribute for group status (57%, P < 0.0001) in the regression analysis. CONCLUSION Children with tonsillar hypertrophy and OSA had relevant impairments in orofacial functions and lesser muscular coordination than children with PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Maria de Felício
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Craniofacial Research Support Center, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Franciele Voltarelli da Silva Dias
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Craniofacial Research Support Center, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Aparecida Folha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Craniofacial Research Support Center, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Leila Azevedo de Almeida
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Freitas de Souza
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Craniofacial Research Support Center, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilma Terezinha Anselmo-Lima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Craniofacial Research Support Center, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Vitaliano Voi Trawitzki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Craniofacial Research Support Center, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Cardoso Pereira Valera
- Department of Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Craniofacial Research Support Center, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Macari AT, Haddad RV. The case for environmental etiology of malocclusion in modern civilizations—Airway morphology and facial growth. Semin Orthod 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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