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Coll MP, Walden Z, Bourgoin PA, Taylor V, Rainville P, Robert M, Nguyen DK, Jolicoeur P, Roy M. Pain reflects the informational value of nociceptive inputs. Pain 2024:00006396-990000000-00595. [PMID: 38713801 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Pain perception and its modulation are fundamental to human learning and adaptive behavior. This study investigated the hypothesis that pain perception is tied to pain's learning function. Thirty-one participants performed a threat conditioning task where certain cues were associated with a possibility of receiving a painful electric shock. The cues that signaled potential pain or safety were regularly changed, requiring participants to continually establish new associations. Using computational models, we quantified participants' pain expectations and prediction errors throughout the task and assessed their relationship with pain perception and electrophysiological responses. Our findings suggest that subjective pain perception increases with prediction error, that is, when pain was unexpected. Prediction errors were also related to physiological nociceptive responses, including the amplitude of nociceptive flexion reflex and electroencephalography markers of cortical nociceptive processing (N1-P2-evoked potential and gamma-band power). In addition, higher pain expectations were related to increased late event-related potential responses and alpha/beta decreases in amplitude during cue presentation. These results further strengthen the idea of a crucial link between pain and learning and suggest that understanding the influence of learning mechanisms in pain modulation could help us understand when and why pain perception is modulated in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel-Pierre Coll
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en réadaptation et intégration sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Zoey Walden
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Veronique Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Pierre Rainville
- Research Center of the Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Stomatology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Manon Robert
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dang Khoa Nguyen
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Jolicoeur
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 McGill College, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Dien J. Multi-Algorithm Artifact Correction (MAAC) procedure part one: Algorithm and example. Biol Psychol 2024; 188:108775. [PMID: 38499226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The Multi-Algorithm Artifact Correction (MAAC) procedure is presented for electroencephalographic (EEG) data, as made freely available in the open-source EP Toolkit (Dien, 2010). First the major EEG artifact correction methods (regression, spatial filters, principal components analysis, and independent components analysis) are reviewed. Contrary to the dominant approach of picking one method that is thought to be most effective, this review concludes that none are globally superior, but rather each has strengths and weaknesses. Then each of the major artifact types are reviewed (Blink, Corneo-Retinal Dipole, Saccadic Spike Potential, and Movement). For each one, it is proposed that one of the major correction methods is best matched to address it, resulting in the MAAC procedure. The MAAC itself is then presented, as implemented in the EP Toolkit, in order to provide a sense of the user experience. The primary goal of this present paper is to make the conceptual argument for the MAAC approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dien
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, 3304 Benjamin Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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Lee K, Mirjalili S, Quadri A, Corbett B, Duarte A. Neural Reinstatement of Overlapping Memories in Young and Older Adults. J Cogn Neurosci 2022; 34:1376-1396. [PMID: 35604351 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
When we update our episodic memories with new information, mnemonic competition between old and new memories may result because of the presence of shared features. Behavioral studies suggest that this competition can lead to proactive interference, resulting in unsuccessful memory updating, particularly for older adults. It is difficult with behavioral data alone to measure the reactivation of old, overlapping memories during retrieval and its impact on memory for new memories. Here, we applied encoding-retrieval representational similarity (ERS) analysis to EEG data to estimate event-specific encoding-related neural reinstatement of old associations during the retrieval of new ones and its impact on memory for new associations in young and older adults. Our results showed that older adults' new associative memory performance was more negatively impacted by proactive interference from old memories than that of young adults. In both age groups, ERS for old associative memories was greater for trials for which new associative memories were forgotten than remembered. In contrast, ERS for new associative memories was greater when they were remembered than forgotten. In addition, older adults showed relatively attenuated target (i.e., new associates) and lure (i.e., old associates) ERS effects compared to younger adults. Collectively, these results suggest that the neural reinstatement of interfering memories during retrieval contributes to proactive interference across age, whereas overall attenuated ERS effect in older adults might reflect their reduced memory fidelity.
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Petras K, Ten Oever S, Dalal SS, Goffaux V. Information redundancy across spatial scales modulates early visual cortical processing. Neuroimage 2021; 244:118613. [PMID: 34563683 PMCID: PMC8591375 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual images contain redundant information across spatial scales where low spatial frequency contrast is informative towards the location and likely content of high spatial frequency detail. Previous research suggests that the visual system makes use of those redundancies to facilitate efficient processing. In this framework, a fast, initial analysis of low-spatial frequency (LSF) information guides the slower and later processing of high spatial frequency (HSF) detail. Here, we used multivariate classification as well as time-frequency analysis of MEG responses to the viewing of intact and phase scrambled images of human faces to demonstrate that the availability of redundant LSF information, as found in broadband intact images, correlates with a reduction in HSF representational dominance in both early and higher-level visual areas as well as a reduction of gamma-band power in early visual cortex. Our results indicate that the cross spatial frequency information redundancy that can be found in all natural images might be a driving factor in the efficient integration of fine image details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Petras
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute (IPSY), UC Louvain, Belgium; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
| | - Sanne Ten Oever
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Radboud University, the Netherlands
| | - Sarang S Dalal
- Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Valerie Goffaux
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute (IPSY), UC Louvain, Belgium; Institute of Neuroscience (IONS), UC Louvain, Belgium; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
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Won DO, Hwang HJ, Kim DM, Muller KR, Lee SW. Motion-Based Rapid Serial Visual Presentation for Gaze-Independent Brain-Computer Interfaces. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2017; 26:334-343. [PMID: 28809703 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2017.2736600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Most event-related potential (ERP)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) spellers primarily use matrix layouts and generally require moderate eye movement for successful operation. The fundamental objective of this paper is to enhance the perceptibility of target characters by introducing motion stimuli to classical rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) spellers that do not require any eye movement, thereby applying them to paralyzed patients with oculomotor dysfunctions. To test the feasibility of the proposed motion-based RSVP paradigm, we implemented three RSVP spellers: 1) fixed-direction motion (FM-RSVP); 2) random-direction motion (RM-RSVP); and 3) (the conventional) non-motion stimulation (NM-RSVP), and evaluated the effect of the three different stimulation methods on spelling performance. The two motion-based stimulation methods, FM- and RM-RSVP, showed shorter P300 latency and higher P300 amplitudes (i.e., 360.4-379.6 ms; 5.5867- ) than the NM-RSVP (i.e., 480.4 ms; ). This led to higher and more stable performances for FM- and RM-RSVP spellers than NM-RSVP speller (i.e., 79.06±6.45% for NM-RSVP, 90.60±2.98% for RM-RSVP, and 92.74±2.55% for FM-RSVP). In particular, the proposed motion-based RSVP paradigm was significantly beneficial for about half of the subjects who might not accurately perceive rapidly presented static stimuli. These results indicate that the use of proposed motion-based RSVP paradigm is more beneficial for target recognition when developing BCI applications for severely paralyzed patients with complex ocular dysfunctions.
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Braboszcz C, Cahn BR, Levy J, Fernandez M, Delorme A. Increased Gamma Brainwave Amplitude Compared to Control in Three Different Meditation Traditions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170647. [PMID: 28118405 PMCID: PMC5261734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, effects of different types of meditation on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity are still being defined. We compared practitioners of three different meditation traditions (Vipassana, Himalayan Yoga and Isha Shoonya) with a control group during a meditative and instructed mind-wandering (IMW) block. All meditators showed higher parieto-occipital 60–110 Hz gamma amplitude than control subjects as a trait effect observed during meditation and when considering meditation and IMW periods together. Moreover, this gamma power was positively correlated with participants meditation experience. Independent component analysis was used to show that gamma activity did not originate in eye or muscle artifacts. In addition, we observed higher 7–11 Hz alpha activity in the Vipassana group compared to all the other groups during both meditation and instructed mind wandering and lower 10–11 Hz activity in the Himalayan yoga group during meditation only. We showed that meditation practice is correlated to changes in the EEG gamma frequency range that are common to a variety of meditation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Braboszcz
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Toulouse, France
- CerCo, CNRS UMR5549, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
| | - B. Rael Cahn
- University of Southern California Department of Psychiatry, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- University of Southern California Brain and Creativity Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Manuel Fernandez
- Meditation Research Institute, Swami Rama Sadhaka Grama, Rishikesh, India
| | - Arnaud Delorme
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, Centre de Recherche Cerveau et Cognition, Toulouse, France
- CerCo, CNRS UMR5549, Toulouse, France
- Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Lee SH, Kim S, Shim MS, Kim DW, Im CH. Dysfunctional Patterns of Gamma-Band Activity in Response to Human Faces Compared to Non-Facial Stimuli in Patients with Schizophrenia. Psychiatry Investig 2016; 13:349-59. [PMID: 27247603 PMCID: PMC4878971 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2016.13.3.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Healthy individuals show stronger gamma-band activities (GBAs) for socially relevant stimuli (human faces) than for non-relevant ones. This study aimed to examine whether this gamma-band preference occurs in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS EEG was recorded for 24 patients with schizophrenia and 23 healthy controls while they viewed pictures of human faces, chairs, and nature scenes. The spectral powers of high-beta (20-30 Hz) and gamma (30-80 Hz) frequencies were analyzed along 3 midline cortical regions, and phase synchronization was calculated. RESULTS Compared to the response to non-facial stimuli, higher event related deactivation to facial stimuli was observed for the high-beta frequency across groups. For the gamma frequency, early-stage GBA was increased and late-stage GBA was decreased for all 3 stimuli in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. Preferential GBA patterns (100-200 and 200-300 ms) were found in healthy controls, but not in patients with schizophrenia. Significant correlation existed between negative symptoms and GBA in the frontal region for chair and scene stimuli. There was no significant intergroup difference in phase synchronization pattern. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that patients with schizophrenia have deficits in the preferential pattern of GBA for human faces and the deficits in the preferential pattern were mainly influenced by over-response to socially non-relevant stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangrae Kim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Seon Shim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Won Kim
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Im
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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EEG changes caused by spontaneous facial self-touch may represent emotion regulating processes and working memory maintenance. Brain Res 2014; 1557:111-26. [PMID: 24530432 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous facial self-touch gestures (sFSTG) are performed manifold every day by every human being, primarily in stressful situations. These movements are not usually designed to communicate and are frequently accomplished with little or no awareness. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether sFSTG are associated with specific changes in the electrical brain activity that might indicate an involvement of regulatory emotional processes and working memory. Fourteen subjects performed a delayed memory task of complex haptic stimuli. The stimuli had to be explored and then remembered for a retention interval of 5min. The retention interval was interrupted by unpleasant sounds from The International Affective Digitized Sounds and short sound-free periods. During the experiment a video stream of behavior, 19-channel EEG, and EMG (of forearm muscles) were recorded. Comparisons of the behavioral data and spectral power of different EEG frequency bands (theta, alpha, beta, and gamma) were conducted. An increase of sFSTG during the application of unpleasant sounds was observed. A significant increase of spectral theta and beta power was observed after exploration of the stimuli as well as after sFSTG in centro-parietal electrodes. The spectral theta power extremely decreased just before sFSTG during the retention interval. Contrary to this, no significant changes were detected in any of the frequencies when the spectral power before and after instructed facial self-touch movements (b-iFSTG and a-iFSTG) were compared. The changes of spectral theta power in the intervals before and after sFSTG in centro-parietal electrodes imply that sFSTG are associated with cortical regulatory processes in the domains of working memory and emotions.
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Kosilo M, Wuerger SM, Craddock M, Jennings BJ, Hunt AR, Martinovic J. Low-level and high-level modulations of fixational saccades and high frequency oscillatory brain activity in a visual object classification task. Front Psychol 2014; 4:948. [PMID: 24391611 PMCID: PMC3867122 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently induced gamma-band activity (GBA) was considered a neural marker of cortical object representation. However, induced GBA in the electroencephalogram (EEG) is susceptible to artifacts caused by miniature fixational saccades. Recent studies have demonstrated that fixational saccades also reflect high-level representational processes. Do high-level as opposed to low-level factors influence fixational saccades? What is the effect of these factors on artifact-free GBA? To investigate this, we conducted separate eye tracking and EEG experiments using identical designs. Participants classified line drawings as objects or non-objects. To introduce low-level differences, contours were defined along different directions in cardinal color space: S-cone-isolating, intermediate isoluminant, or a full-color stimulus, the latter containing an additional achromatic component. Prior to the classification task, object discrimination thresholds were measured and stimuli were scaled to matching suprathreshold levels for each participant. In both experiments, behavioral performance was best for full-color stimuli and worst for S-cone isolating stimuli. Saccade rates 200–700 ms after stimulus onset were modulated independently by low and high-level factors, being higher for full-color stimuli than for S-cone isolating stimuli and higher for objects. Low-amplitude evoked GBA and total GBA were observed in very few conditions, showing that paradigms with isoluminant stimuli may not be ideal for eliciting such responses. We conclude that cortical loops involved in the processing of objects are preferentially excited by stimuli that contain achromatic information. Their activation can lead to relatively early exploratory eye movements even for foveally-presented stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Kosilo
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK ; Department of Psychology, City University London London, UK
| | - Sophie M Wuerger
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK
| | - Matt Craddock
- Institute for Experimental Psychology and Methods, University of Leipzig Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ben J Jennings
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK ; Department of Ophthalmology, McGill Vision Research, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amelia R Hunt
- School of Psychology, University of Aberdeen Aberdeen, UK
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Hipp JF, Siegel M. Dissociating neuronal gamma-band activity from cranial and ocular muscle activity in EEG. Front Hum Neurosci 2013; 7:338. [PMID: 23847508 PMCID: PMC3706727 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
EEG is the most common technique for studying neuronal dynamics of the human brain. However, electromyogenic artifacts from cranial muscles and ocular muscles executing involuntary microsaccades compromise estimates of neuronal activity in the gamma band (>30 Hz). Yet, the relative contributions and practical consequences of these artifacts remain unclear. Here, we systematically dissected the effects of these different artifacts on studying visual gamma-band activity with EEG on the sensor and source level, and show strategies to cope with these confounds. We found that cranial muscle activity prevented a direct investigation of neuronal gamma-band activity at the sensor level. Furthermore, we found prolonged microsaccade-related artifacts beyond the well-known transient EEG confounds. We then show that if electromyogenic artifacts are carefully accounted for, the EEG nonetheless allows for studying visual gamma-band activity even at the sensor level. Furthermore, we found that source analysis based on spatial filtering does not only map the EEG signals to the cortical space of interest, but also efficiently accounts for cranial and ocular muscle artifacts. Together, our results clarify the relative contributions and characteristics of myogenic artifacts confounding visual gamma-band activity in EEG, and provide practical guidelines for future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg F Hipp
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany ; MEG-Center, University of Tübingen Tübingen, Germany
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Castelhano J, Rebola J, Leitão B, Rodriguez E, Castelo-Branco M. To perceive or not perceive: the role of gamma-band activity in signaling object percepts. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66363. [PMID: 23785494 PMCID: PMC3681966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The relation of gamma-band synchrony to holistic perception in which concerns the effects of sensory processing, high level perceptual gestalt formation, motor planning and response is still controversial. To provide a more direct link to emergent perceptual states we have used holistic EEG/ERP paradigms where the moment of perceptual “discovery” of a global pattern was variable. Using a rapid visual presentation of short-lived Mooney objects we found an increase of gamma-band activity locked to perceptual events. Additional experiments using dynamic Mooney stimuli showed that gamma activity increases well before the report of an emergent holistic percept. To confirm these findings in a data driven manner we have further used a support vector machine classification approach to distinguish between perceptual vs. non perceptual states, based on time-frequency features. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were all above 95%. Modulations in the 30–75 Hz range were larger for perception states. Interestingly, phase synchrony was larger for perception states for high frequency bands. By focusing on global gestalt mechanisms instead of local processing we conclude that gamma-band activity and synchrony provide a signature of holistic perceptual states of variable onset, which are separable from sensory and motor processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Castelhano
- Visual Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Rebola
- Visual Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Leitão
- Center for Informatics and Systems, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugenio Rodriguez
- Max-Planck for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Escuela de psicología, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- Visual Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Good vibrations, bad vibrations: Oscillatory brain activity in the attentional blink. Adv Cogn Psychol 2011; 7:92-107. [PMID: 22253672 PMCID: PMC3259030 DOI: 10.2478/v10053-008-0089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The attentional blink (AB) is a deficit in reporting the second
(T2) of two targets (T1, T2) when presented in close temporal succession and
within a stream of distractor stimuli. The AB has received a great deal of
attention in the past two decades because it allows to study the mechanisms that
influence the rate and depth of information processing in various setups and
therefore provides an elegant way to study correlates of conscious perception in
supra-threshold stimuli. Recently evidence has accumulated suggesting that
oscillatory signals play a significant role in temporally coordinating
information between brain areas. This review focuses on studies looking into
oscillatory brain activity in the AB. The results of these studies indicate that
the AB is related to modulations in oscillatory brain activity in the theta,
alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. These modulations are sometimes
restricted to a circumscribed brain area but more frequently include several
brain regions. They occur before targets are presented as well as after the
presentation of the targets. We will argue that the complexity of the findings
supports the idea that the AB is not the result of a processing impairment in
one particular process or brain area, but the consequence of a dynamic interplay
between several processes and/or parts of a neural network.
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Goldfine AM, Victor JD, Conte MM, Bardin JC, Schiff ND. Determination of awareness in patients with severe brain injury using EEG power spectral analysis. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 122:2157-68. [PMID: 21514214 PMCID: PMC3162107 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether EEG spectral analysis could be used to demonstrate awareness in patients with severe brain injury. METHODS We recorded EEG from healthy controls and three patients with severe brain injury, ranging from minimally conscious state (MCS) to locked-in-state (LIS), while they were asked to imagine motor and spatial navigation tasks. We assessed EEG spectral differences from 4 to 24 Hz with univariate comparisons (individual frequencies) and multivariate comparisons (patterns across the frequency range). RESULTS In controls, EEG spectral power differed at multiple frequency bands and channels during performance of both tasks compared to a resting baseline. As patterns of signal change were inconsistent between controls, we defined a positive response in patient subjects as consistent spectral changes across task performances. One patient in MCS and one in LIS showed evidence of motor imagery task performance, though with patterns of spectral change different from the controls. CONCLUSIONS EEG power spectral analysis demonstrates evidence for performance of mental imagery tasks in healthy controls and patients with severe brain injury. SIGNIFICANCE EEG power spectral analysis can be used as a flexible bedside tool to demonstrate awareness in brain-injured patients who are otherwise unable to communicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Goldfine
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, LC-803, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Carl C, Açık A, König P, Engel AK, Hipp JF. The saccadic spike artifact in MEG. Neuroimage 2011; 59:1657-67. [PMID: 21963912 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG/MEG) are the means to investigate the dynamics of neuronal activity non-invasively in the human brain. However, both EEG and MEG are also sensitive to non-neural sources, which can severely complicate the interpretation. The saccadic spike potential (SP) at saccade onset has been identified as a particularly problematic artifact in EEG because it closely resembles synchronous neuronal gamma band activity. While the SP and its confounding effects on EEG have been thoroughly characterized, the corresponding artifact in MEG, the saccadic spike field (SF), has not been investigated. Here we provide a detailed characterization of the SF. We simultaneously recorded MEG, EEG, gaze position and electrooculogram (EOG). We compared the SF in MEG for different saccade sizes and directions and contrasted it with the well-known SP in EEG. Our results reveal a saccade amplitude and direction dependent, lateralized saccadic spike artifact, which was most prominent in the gamma frequency range. The SF was strongest at frontal and temporal sensors but unlike the SP in EEG did not contaminate parietal sensors. Furthermore, we observed that the source configurations of the SF were comparable for regular and miniature saccades. Using distributed source analysis we identified the sources of the SF in the extraocular muscles. In summary, our results show that the SF in MEG closely resembles neuronal activity in frontal and temporal sensors. Our detailed characterization of the SF constitutes a solid basis for assessing possible saccadic spike related contamination in MEG experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Carl
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Summerfield C, Wyart V, Johnen VM, de Gardelle V. Human Scalp Electroencephalography Reveals that Repetition Suppression Varies with Expectation. Front Hum Neurosci 2011; 5:67. [PMID: 21847378 PMCID: PMC3147224 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitions of a sensory event elicit lower levels of brain activity than its initial presentation (“repetition suppression,” RS). According to one view, RS depends on the biophysics of neuronal discharge, and is thus an automatic consequence of stimulus processing (“fatigue” model). Another account suggests that RS depends on the statistical structure of the environment, and occurs when repeated stimuli are less surprising than novel stimuli (“surprise reduction” model). In support of the latter view, functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have shown that RS is modulated by the local probability of repetition. However, single-cell recordings from macaque inferotemporal area (IT) have failed to replicate this finding. Here, we recorded scalp electroencephalography from human participants viewing pairs of faces that repeated (face1–face1) or alternated (face1–face2), in contexts in which repetitions were expected or unexpected. As previously described, event-related potentials in the range of 100–400 ms recorded at posterior electrode sites and at the vertex differed between repetitions and alternations. Critically, at central electrodes, we observed that the difference between repeated and alternating stimuli was attenuated when repetitions were unexpected, as predicted by the surprise reduction model. These findings demonstrate that the modulation of RS by repetition probability is observable using direct neural recording methods in human participants, and that it occurs relatively late (>300 ms) post-stimulus. Finally, we found that theta-band (4–8 Hz) spectral power over central electrodes varied with the three-way interaction between of repetition, expectation, and the rate of change of the environment, consistent with recent reports that frontal theta may be a hallmark of learning processes originating in the anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex.
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Makin ADJ, Ackerley R, Wild K, Poliakoff E, Gowen E, El-Deredy W. Coherent illusory contours reduce microsaccade frequency. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:2798-801. [PMID: 21683722 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Revised: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Synchronized high-frequency gamma band oscillations (30-100 Hz) are thought to mediate the binding of single visual features into whole-object representations. For example, induced gamma band oscillations (iGBRs) have been recorded ∼ 280 ms after the onset of a coherent Kanizsa triangle, but not after an incoherent equivalent shape. However, several recent studies have provided evidence that the EEG-recorded iGBR may be a by-product of small saccadic eye movements (microsaccades). Considering these two previous findings, one would hypothesis that there should be more microsaccades following the onset of a coherent Kanizsa triangle. However, we found that microsaccade rebound rate was significantly higher after an incoherent triangle was presented. This result suggests that microsaccades are not a reliable indicator of perceptual binding, and, more importantly, implies that iGBR cannot be universally produced by ocular artefacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis D J Makin
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
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