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Wen Y, Zhao S, Holmqvist A, Hahn-Stromberg V, Adell G, Holmlund B, Pathak S, Peng Z, Sun XF. Predictive Role of Biopsy Based Biomarkers for Radiotherapy Treatment in Rectal Cancer. J Pers Med 2020; 10:jpm10040168. [PMID: 33066317 PMCID: PMC7712120 DOI: 10.3390/jpm10040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Radiation therapy has long been contemplated as an important mode in the treatment of rectal cancer. However, there are few ideal tools available for clinicians to make a radiotherapy decision at the time of diagnosis for rectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess whether biomarkers expressed in the biopsy could help to choose the suitable therapy and provide predictive and/or prognostic information. Experimental Design: In total, 30 biomarkers were analyzed in 219 biopsy samples before treatment to discover the possibility of using them as an indicator for radiotherapy selection, diagnosis, survival and recurrence. Results: Twenty-two biomarkers (COX2-RT, COX2-NonRT, etc.; 36.67%) had diagnostic value. For survival, four biomarkers (NFKBP65, p130, PINCH and PPAR) were significant in regulating gene promoter activity and overall survival, while four had a trend (AEG1, LOX, SATB1 and SIRT6). Three biomarkers (COX2, PINCH and WRAP53) correlated with disease-free survival, while eight had a trend (AEG1, COX2, Ki67, LOX, NFKBP65, PPAR and SATB1). Four biomarkers (COX2-RT, NFKBP65cyto-RT, P130cyto-NonRT and PPARcyto-RT) were independent prognostic factors for recurrence. NFKBP65 and SIRT6 were significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis regardless of radiation. Patients with high AEG1, LOX, NFKBP65, PPAR and SATB1 had or showed a positive trend for better survival after radiotherapy, while those with positive PINCH and WRAP53 expression would not benefit from radiotherapy. Conclusions: AEG1, LOX, NFKBP65cyto, PPAR and SATB1 could be used as indicators for choosing radiotherapy. COX2-RT, COX2-NonRT and some other biomarkers may provide additional help for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugang Wen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China; (Y.W.); (S.Z.)
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; (A.H.); (G.A.); (B.H.)
| | - Senlin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China; (Y.W.); (S.Z.)
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; (A.H.); (G.A.); (B.H.)
| | - Annica Holmqvist
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; (A.H.); (G.A.); (B.H.)
| | | | - Gunnar Adell
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; (A.H.); (G.A.); (B.H.)
| | - Birgitta Holmlund
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; (A.H.); (G.A.); (B.H.)
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Chennai 603 103, India;
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China; (Y.W.); (S.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Z.P.); (X.-F.S.); Tel.: +86-13761010066 (Z.P.); +46-10-1032066 (X.-F.S.)
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; (A.H.); (G.A.); (B.H.)
- Correspondence: (Z.P.); (X.-F.S.); Tel.: +86-13761010066 (Z.P.); +46-10-1032066 (X.-F.S.)
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2
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Meng WJ, Pathak S, Zhang X, Adell G, Jarlsfelt I, Holmlund B, Wang ZQ, Zhang AS, Zhang H, Zhou ZG, Sun XF. Expressions of miR-302a, miR-105, and miR-888 Play Critical Roles in Pathogenesis, Radiotherapy, and Prognosis on Rectal Cancer Patients: A Study From Rectal Cancer Patients in a Swedish Rectal Cancer Trial of Preoperative Radiotherapy to Big Database Analyses. Front Oncol 2020; 10:567042. [PMID: 33123477 PMCID: PMC7573294 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.567042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Differential expressions and functions of various micoRNAs (miRNAs) have been intensively studied in both colon and rectal cancers. However, the importance of miRNAs on radiotherapy (RT) response and clinical outcome in rectal cancer patients remains unclear. In this study, we used real-time polymerase chain reaction to examine the expressions of miR-302a, miR-105, and miR-888 in normal mucosa and cancer tissue from rectal cancer patients with and without preoperative RT. The biological function of miR-302a, miR-105, and miR-888 expression was further analyzed and identified through the public databases: TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEPIA (Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis). The results showed that the expression of miR-105 in rectal cancer was higher than that in normal mucosa in RT (P = 0.042) and non-RT patients (P = 0.003) and was associated with mucinous histological type (P = 0.004), COX-2 (P = 0.042), and p73 expression (P = 0.030). The expression of miR-302a was shown more frequently in cancers with necrosis (P = 0.033) and with WRAP53 expression (P = 0.015), whereas miR-888 expression occurred more frequently in tumors with protein the expression of survivin (P = 0.015), AEG-1 (astrocyte elevated gene-1) (P = 0.003), and SATB1 (special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1) (P = 0.036). Moreover, TargetScan also predicted AEG-1 and SATB1 as putative targets for miR-888. The miRNA-gene network analysis showed that ABI2 was associated with all the three miRNAs, with lower expression and good diagnostic value in rectal cancers. The TCGA database demonstrated the association of miR-105 expression with high carcinoembryonic antigen level (P = 0.048). RT reduced the expressions of miR-302a, miR-105, and miR-888. Prognostic analysis showed that miR-888 expression was independently associated with worse survival of patients without RT [overall survival, P = 0.001; disease-free survival, P = 0.009]. Analysis of biological function revealed that the protein serine/threonine kinase activity and PI3K-AKT signaling pathway were the most significantly enriched functions and pathways, respectively. Our findings suggest that miR-105 is involved in rectal cancer pathogenesis and miR-888 is associated with prognosis. MiR-302a, miR-105, and miR-888 have potential influence on the pathogenesis, RT, and prognosis of rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jian Meng
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden.,Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, India
| | - Xueli Zhang
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Adell
- County Council of Östergötland, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Birgitta Holmlund
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Zi-Qiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Alexander S Zhang
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Zong-Guang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Institute of Digestive Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
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3
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Wu L, Pang S, Yao Q, Jian C, Lin P, Feng F, Li H, Li Y. Population-based study of effectiveness of neoadjuvant radiotherapy on survival in US rectal cancer patients according to age. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3471. [PMID: 28615639 PMCID: PMC5471198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent cancer researches pay more attention to younger patients due to the variable treatment response among different age groups. Here we investigated the effectiveness of neoadjuvant radiation on the survival of younger and older patients in stage II/III rectal cancer. Data was obtained from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (n = 12801). Propensity score matching was used to balance baseline covariates according to the status of neoadjuvant radiation. Our results showed that neoadjuvant radiation had better survival benefit (Log-rank P = 3.25e-06) and improved cancer-specific 3-year (87.6%; 95% CI: 86.4–88.7% vs. 84.1%; 95% CI: 82.8–85.3%) and 5-year survival rates (78.1%; 95% CI: 76.2–80.1% vs. 77%; 95% CI: 75.3–78.8%). In older groups (>50), neoadjuvant radiation was associated with survival benefits in stage II (HR: 0.741; 95% CI: 0.599–0.916; P = 5.80e-3) and stage III (HR: 0.656; 95% CI 0.564–0.764; P = 5.26e-08). Interestingly, neoadjuvant radiation did not increase survival rate in younger patients (< = 50) both in stage II (HR: 2.014; 95% CI: 0.9032–4.490; P = 0.087) and stage III (HR: 1.168; 95% CI: 0.829–1.646; P = 0.372). Additionally, neoadjuvant radiation significantly decreased the cancer-specific mortality in older patients, but increased mortality in younger patients. Our results provided new insights on the neoadjuvant radiation in rectal cancer, especially for the younger patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Shichao Pang
- Department of Statistics, School of Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Qianlan Yao
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Chen Jian
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Songjiang District, 201600, shanghai, China
| | - Ping Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Fangyoumin Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Hong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Yixue Li
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,CAS Key Laboratory for Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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4
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Geng L, Wang J. Molecular effectors of radiation resistance in colorectal cancer. PRECISION RADIATION ONCOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pro6.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liying Geng
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases
| | - Jing Wang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases
- Department of Genetics; Cell Biology and Anatomy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center; Omaha Nebraska USA
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5
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Loftas P, Arbman G, Sun XF, Edler D, Syk E, Hallbook O. FXYD-3 expression in relation to local recurrence of rectal cancer. Radiat Oncol J 2016; 34:52-8. [PMID: 27104167 PMCID: PMC4831969 DOI: 10.3857/roj.2016.34.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In a previous study, the transmembrane protein FXYD-3 was suggested as a biomarker for a lower survival rate and reduced radiosensitivity in rectal cancer patients receiving preoperative radiotherapy. The purpose of preoperative irradiation in rectal cancer is to reduce local recurrence. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of FXYD-3 as a biomarker for increased risk for local recurrence of rectal cancer. Materials and Methods FXYD-3 expression was immunohistochemically examined in surgical specimens from a cohort of patients with rectal cancer who developed local recurrence (n = 48). The cohort was compared to a matched control group without recurrence (n = 81). Results Weak FXYD-3 expression was found in 106/129 (82%) of the rectal tumors and strong expression in 23/129 (18%). There was no difference in the expression of FXYD-3 between the patients with local recurrence and the control group. Furthermore there was no difference in FXYD-3 expression and time to diagnosis of local recurrence between patients who received preoperative radiotherapy and those without. Conclusion Previous findings indicated that FXYD-3 expression may be used as a marker of decreased sensitivity to radiotherapy or even overall survival. We were unable to confirm this in a cohort of rectal cancer patients who developed local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Loftas
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Arbman
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Norrkoping, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - David Edler
- Department of Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Syk
- Department of Surgery, Ersta Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Hallbook
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
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6
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Wang MJ, Ping J, Li Y, Adell G, Arbman G, Nodin B, Meng WJ, Zhang H, Yu YY, Wang C, Yang L, Zhou ZG, Sun XF. The prognostic factors and multiple biomarkers in young patients with colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10645. [PMID: 26013439 PMCID: PMC4445043 DOI: 10.1038/srep10645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young patients (≤50 years of age) appears to be increasing. However, their clinicopathological characteristics and survival are controversial. Likewise, the biomarkers are unclear. We used the West China (2008-2013, China), Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (1973-2011, United States) and Linköping Cancer (1972-2009, Sweden) databases to analyse clinicopathological characteristics, survival and multiple biomarkers of young CRC patients. A total of 509,934 CRC patients were included from the three databases. The young CRC patients tended to have more distal location tumours, fewer tumour numbers, later stage, more mucinous carcinoma and poorer differentiation. The cancer-specific survival (CSS) of young patients was significantly better. The PRL (HR = 12.341, 95% CI = 1.615-94.276, P = 0.010), RBM3 (HR = 0.093, 95% CI = 0.012-0.712, P = 0.018), Wrap53 (HR = 1.952, 95% CI = 0.452-6.342, P = 0.031), p53 (HR = 5.549, 95% CI = 1.176-26.178, P = 0.045) and DNA status (HR = 17.602, 95% CI = 2.551-121.448, P = 0.001) were associated with CSS of the young patients. In conclusion, this study suggests that young CRC patients present advanced tumours and more malignant pathological features, while they have a better prognosis. The PRL, RBM3, Wrap53, p53 and DNA status are potential prognostic biomarkers for the young CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo-Jin Wang
- 1] Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery and State key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China [2] Department of Oncology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, SE 58183, Sweden
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Oncology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, SE 58183, Sweden
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery and State key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Gunnar Adell
- Department of Oncology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, SE 58183, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Arbman
- Department of Surgery, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Norrköping, SE 60174, Sweden
| | - Bjorn Nodin
- Department of pathology, Lund University, Lund, SE 22100, Sweden
| | - Wen-Jian Meng
- 1] Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery and State key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China [2] Department of Oncology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, SE 58183, Sweden
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, SE 70182, Sweden
| | - Yong-Yang Yu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery and State key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Cun Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery and State key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lie Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery and State key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zong-Guang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery and State key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- 1] Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Institute of Digestive Surgery and State key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China [2] Department of Oncology, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, SE 58183, Sweden
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Pagarigan KT, Bunn BW, Goodchild J, Rahe TK, Weis JF, Saucedo LJ. Drosophila PRL-1 is a growth inhibitor that counteracts the function of the Src oncogene. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61084. [PMID: 23577193 PMCID: PMC3620046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver (PRL) family members have emerged as molecular markers that significantly correlate to the ability of many cancers to metastasize. However, contradictory cellular responses to PRL expression have been reported, including the inhibition of cell cycle progression. An obvious culprit for the discrepancy is the use of dozens of different cell lines, including many isolated from tumors or cultured cells selected for immortalization which may have missing or mutated modulators of PRL function. We created transgenic Drosophila to study the effects of PRL overexpression in a genetically controlled, organismal model. Our data support the paradigm that the normal cellular response to high levels of PRL is growth suppression and furthermore, that PRL can counter oncogenic activity of Src. The ability of PRL to inhibit growth under normal conditions is dependent on a CAAX motif that is required to localize PRL to the apical edge of the lateral membrane. However, PRL lacking the CAAX motif can still associate indiscriminately with the plasma membrane and retains its ability to inhibit Src function. We propose that PRL binds to other membrane-localized proteins that are effectors of Src or to Src itself. This first examination of PRL in a model organism demonstrates that PRL performs as a tumor suppressor and underscores the necessity of identifying the conditions that enable it to transform into an oncogene in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle T. Pagarigan
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bryce W. Bunn
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jake Goodchild
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Travis K. Rahe
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Julie F. Weis
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
| | - Leslie J. Saucedo
- Department of Biology, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Lewander A, Gao J, Adell G, Zhang H, Sun XF. Expression of NF-κB p65 phosphorylated at serine-536 in rectal cancer with or without preoperative radiotherapy. Radiol Oncol 2011; 45:279-84. [PMID: 22933966 PMCID: PMC3423756 DOI: 10.2478/v10019-011-0030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the present study, we investigated NF-κB p65 phosphorylated at Serine-536 (phosphor-Ser536-p65) in rectal cancer and its relationship to preoperative radiotherapy (RT), clinicopathological variables and biological factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Expression of phosphor-Ser536-p65 was examined by using immunohistochemistry in 141 primary rectal cancers, 149 normal mucosa specimens and 48 metastases in the lymph nodes, from rectal cancer patients who participated in a Swedish clinical trial of preoperative RT. RESULTS The expression of phosphor-Ser536-p65 in the cytoplasm increased from normal mucosa to primary tumour (p<0.0001, for both the group that did and the group that did not received RT). The expression did not further increase from primary tumour to metastasis in either group (p>0.05). Expression of phosphor-Ser536-p65 was positively related to, or tended to be related to, the expression of tumour endothelium marker 1 (TEM1, p=0.02), FXYD-3 (p=0.001), phosphatase of regenerating liver (PRL, p=0.02), p73 (p=0.048) and meningioma associated protein (MAC30, p=0.05) in the group that received RT but there were no such relationships in the group that did not received RT (p>0.05). The expression of phosphor-Ser536-p65 was not related to clinicopathological factors including survival (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS The increased expression of phosphor-Ser536-p65 may be involved in rectal cancer development. After RT, phosphor-Ser536-p65 seems to be positively related to the biological factors, which associated with more malignant features of tumours. However, phosphor-Ser536-p65 was not directly related to the response of RT based on recurrence and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lewander
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jinfang Gao
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Adell
- Department of Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Skövde, Sweden
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Linköping, Linköping, Sweden
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9
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Yang L, Zhang H, Zhou ZG, Yan H, Adell G, Sun XF. Biological function and prognostic significance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ in rectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:3760-70. [PMID: 21531809 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-2779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the expression significance of PPAR β/δ in relation to radiotherapy (RT), clinicopathologic, and prognostic variables of rectal cancer patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We included 141 primary rectal cancer patients who participated in a Swedish clinical trial of preoperative RT. Tissue microarray samples from the excised rectal cancers and the adjacent or distant normal mucosa and lymph node metastases were stained with PPAR δ antibody. Survival probability was computed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression model. The proliferation of colon cancer cell lines KM12C, KM12SM, and KM12L4a was assayed after PPAR δ knockdown. RESULTS PPAR δ was increased from adjacent or distant normal mucosa to primary cancers, whereas it decreased from primary cancers to lymph node metastases. After RT, PPAR δ was increased in normal mucosa, whereas it decreased in primary cancers and lymph node metastases. In primary cancers, the high expression of PPAR δ was related to higher frequency of stage I cases, lower lymph node metastasis rate, and low expression of Ki-67 in the unirradiated cases, and related to favorable survival in the cases either with or without RT. The proliferation of the KM12C, KM12SM, or KM12L4a cells was significantly accelerated after PPAR δ knockdown. CONCLUSIONS RT decreases the PPAR δ expression in primary rectal cancers and lymph node metastases. PPAR δ is related to the early development of rectal cancer and inhibits the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. Increase of PPAR δ predicts favorable survival in the rectal cancer patients either with or without preoperative RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lie Yang
- Institute of Digestive Surgery and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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10
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Endosialin expression in relation to clinicopathological and biological variables in rectal cancers with a Swedish clinical trial of preoperative radiotherapy. BMC Cancer 2011; 11:89. [PMID: 21362178 PMCID: PMC3056834 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-11-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of changes in tumour-associated stroma for tumour initiation and progression has been established. Endosialin is expressed in fibroblasts and pericytes of blood vessels in several types of tumours, and is involved in the progression of colorectal cancer. In order to see whether endosialin was related to radiotherapy (RT) response, and clinicopathological and biological variables, we investigated endosialin expression in rectal cancers from the patients who participated in a Swedish clinical trial of preoperative RT. Methods Endosialin was immunohistochemically examined in normal mucosa, including distant (n = 72) and adjacent (n = 112) normal mucosa, and primary tumours (n = 135). Seventy-three of 135 patients received surgery alone and 62 received additional preoperative RT. Results Endosialin expression in the stroma increased from normal mucosa to tumour (p < 0.0001) both in RT and non-RT group. In the RT group, endosialin expression in the stroma was positively associated with expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) (p = 0.03), p73 (p = 0.01) and phosphates of regenerating liver (PRL) (p = 0.002). Endosialin expression in the tumour cells of both in the RT group (p = 0.01) and the non-RT group (p = 0.06) was observed more often in tumours with an infiltrative growth pattern than in tumours with an expansive growth pattern. In the RT group, endosialin expression in tumour cells was positively related to PRL expression (p = 0.02), whereas in the non-RT group, endosialin expression in tumour cells was positively related to p73 expression (p = 0.01). Conclusions Endosialin expression may be involved in the progression of rectal cancers, and was related to Cox-2, p73 and PRL expression. However, a direct relationship between endosialin expression and RT responses in patients was not found.
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Peng L, Xing X, Li W, Qu L, Meng L, Lian S, Jiang B, Wu J, Shou C. PRL-3 promotes the motility, invasion, and metastasis of LoVo colon cancer cells through PRL-3-integrin beta1-ERK1/2 and-MMP2 signaling. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:110. [PMID: 19930715 PMCID: PMC2792223 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 (PRL-3) plays a causative role in tumor metastasis, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In our previous study, we observed that PRL-3 could decrease tyrosine phosphorylation of integrin beta1 and enhance activation of ERK1/2 in HEK293 cells. Herein we aim to explore the association of PRL-3 with integrin beta1 signaling and its functional implications in motility, invasion, and metastasis of colon cancer cell LoVo. METHODS Transwell chamber assay and nude mouse model were used to study motility and invasion, and metastsis of LoVo colon cancer cells, respectively. Knockdown of integrin beta1 by siRNA or lentivirus were detected with Western blot and RT-PCR. The effect of PRL-3 on integrin beta1, ERK1/2, and MMPs that mediate motility, invasion, and metastasis were measured by Western blot, immunofluorencence, co-immunoprecipitation and zymographic assays. RESULTS We demonstrated that PRL-3 associated with integrin beta1 and its expression was positively correlated with ERK1/2 phosphorylation in colon cancer tissues. Depletion of integrin beta1 with siRNA, not only abrogated the activation of ERK1/2 stimulated by PRL-3, but also abolished PRL-3-induced motility and invasion of LoVo cells in vitro. Similarly, inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation with U0126 or MMP activity with GM6001 also impaired PRL-3-induced invasion. In addition, PRL-3 promoted gelatinolytic activity of MMP2, and this stimulation correlated with decreased TIMP2 expression. Moreover, PRL-3-stimulated lung metastasis of LoVo cells in a nude mouse model was inhibited when integrin beta1 expression was interfered with shRNA. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PRL-3's roles in motility, invasion, and metastasis in colon cancer are critically controlled by the integrin beta1-ERK1/2-MMP2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, PR China.
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12
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Loftås P, Önnesjö S, Widegren E, Adell G, Kayed H, Kleeff J, Zentgraf H, Sun XF. Expression of FXYD-3 is an Independent Prognostic Factor in Rectal Cancer Patients With Preoperative Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 75:137-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2008] [Revised: 10/17/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Skinner AL, Vartia AA, Williams TD, Laurence JS. Enzyme activity of phosphatase of regenerating liver is controlled by the redox environment and its C-terminal residues. Biochemistry 2009; 48:4262-72. [PMID: 19341304 DOI: 10.1021/bi900241k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatase of regenerating liver-1 (PRL-1) belongs to a unique subfamily of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases) associated with oncogenic and metastatic phenotypes. While considerable evidence supports a role for PRL-1 in promoting proliferation, the biological regulators and effectors of PRL-1 activity remain unknown. PRL-1 activity is inhibited by disulfide bond formation at the active site in vitro, suggesting PRL-1 may be susceptible to redox regulation in vivo. Because PRL-1 has been observed to localize to several different subcellular locations and cellular redox conditions vary with tissue type, age, stage of cell cycle, and subcellular location, we determined the reduction potential of the active site disulfide bond that controls phosphatase activity to improve our understanding of the function of PRL-1 in various cellular environments. We used high-resolution solution NMR spectroscopy to measure the potential and found it to be -364.3 +/- 1.5 mV. Because normal cellular environments range from -170 to -320 mV, we concluded that nascent PRL-1 would be primarily oxidized inside cells. Our studies show that a significant conformational change accompanies activation, suggesting a post-translational modification may alter the reduction potential, conferring activity. We further demonstrate that alteration of the C-terminus renders the protein reduced and active in vitro, implying the C-terminus is an important regulator of PRL-1 function. These data provide a basis for understanding how subcellular localization regulates the activity of PRL-1 and, with further investigation, may help reveal how PRL-1 promotes unique outcomes in different cellular systems, including proliferation in both normal and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria L Skinner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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14
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Protein expression following gamma-irradiation relevant to growth arrest and apoptosis in colon cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 135:1583-92. [PMID: 19504123 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study expression of proteins previously connected to radiotherapy response in rectal cancer patients, namely, p53, TAp73, DeltaNp73, survivin and PRL-3, after irradiation in colon cancer cells to gain standing ground for further studies of pathways and mechanisms. METHODS Three colon cancer cell lines (KM12C, KM12SM and KM12L4a) with one origin were radiated with gamma-radiation. Radiosensitivity was determined with cell cycle, survival fraction at 5 Gy (SF5) and apoptosis analysis and protein expression by Western blot. RESULTS Following irradiation, KM12C showed no cell cycle arrest, and low SF5 and apoptosis, whilst KM12L4a showed high SF5 and apoptosis. KM12SM had moderate radiosensitivity. After irradiation, the anti-apoptotic DeltaNp73 and mitosis-factor PRL-3 increased in KM12C and the radioresistance factor survivin increased in KM12L4a. CONCLUSIONS The cell lines seem to have evolved different protein patterns regarding the studied proteins and partly therefore developed different resistance mechanisms, less apoptosis for KM12C and continued proliferation for KM12L4a, after gamma-irradiation.
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Xing X, Peng L, Qu L, Ren T, Dong B, Su X, Shou C. Prognostic value of PRL-3 overexpression in early stages of colonic cancer. Histopathology 2009; 54:309-18. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2009.03226.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Role of Stromal Variables in Development and Progression of Colorectal Cancer. COLORECTAL CANCER 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-9545-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Stephens B, Han H, Hostetter G, Demeure MJ, Von Hoff DD. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of PRL phosphatases results in altered Akt phosphorylation and reduced clonogenicity of pancreatic cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:202-10. [PMID: 18187808 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The PRL phosphatases have been implicated in cancer cell growth and metastasis in a variety of tumor types. Using cDNA microarray, we previously identified and reported PRL-1 as being highly up-regulated in pancreatic cancer cell lines. In this study, we sought to further evaluate the expression of all three PRL phosphatases in pancreatic cancer cell lines and extend our findings to in situ analysis of primary pancreatic tumors taken directly from patients. Additionally, we determine if small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of relevant PRLs confers antitumor effects in pancreatic cancer cells. Using oligonucleotide expression arrays, mRNA levels of PRL-1 and PRL-2 but not PRL-3 were identified as up-regulated in pancreatic cancer cell lines and tumor samples taken directly from patients compared with those of normal pancreas. Focusing on PRL-1 and PRL-2, high levels of both proteins were detected in a subset of pancreatic cancer cell lines and tumor samples using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of PRL-1 and PRL-2 in combination resulted in a moderate reduction of cellular growth and migration in MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 cells. More importantly, knockdown of both PRL-1 and PRL-2 significantly inhibited colony formation of these cells in soft agar as well as serum-induced Akt phosphorylation. These data support the hypothesis that PRL phosphatases regulate key pathways involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis and that knockdown of both PRL-1 and PRL-2 is required to disrupt PRL phosphatase function in pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret Stephens
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.
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Overexpression and involvement in migration by the metastasis-associated phosphatase PRL-3 in human myeloma cells. Blood 2007; 111:806-15. [PMID: 17934070 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-07-101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by accumulation and dissemination of malignant plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow (BM). Gene expression profiling of 2 MM cell lines (OH-2 and IH-1) indicated that expression of PRL-3, a metastasis-associated tyrosine phosphatase, was induced by several mitogenic cytokines. Cytokine-driven PRL-3 expression could be shown in several myeloma cell lines at both the mRNA and protein levels. There was significantly higher expression of the PRL-3 gene in PCs from patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), smoldering myeloma (SMM), and myeloma than in PCs from healthy persons. Among 7 MM subgroups identified by unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis, PRL-3 gene expression was significantly higher in the 3 groups denoted as "proliferation," "low bone disease," and "MMSET/FGFR3." PRL-3 protein was detected in 18 of 20 BM biopsies from patients with MM. Silencing of the PRL-3 gene by siRNA reduced cell migration in the MM cell line INA-6, but had no detectable effect on proliferation and cell-cycle phase distribution of the cells. In conclusion, PRL-3 is a gene product specifically expressed in malignant plasma cells and may have a role in migration of these cells.
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Zhang ZY, Zhao ZR, Adell G, Jarlsfelt I, Cui YX, Kayed H, Kleeff J, Wang MW, Sun XF. Expression of MAC30 in rectal cancers with or without preoperative radiotherapy. Oncology 2007; 71:259-65. [PMID: 17657172 DOI: 10.1159/000106449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Meningioma-associated protein (MAC30) is overexpressed in several types of cancers, but its therapeutic implication in the patients has not been studied. We examined the relationship of MAC30 with clinicopathological and biological factors in rectal cancer patients with or without radiotherapy (RT). METHODS MAC30 was immunohistochemically examined in 75 distant and 91 adjacent normal mucosa specimens, 132 primary tumours and 39 lymph node metastases from rectal cancer patients participating in a clinical trial of preoperative RT. RESULTS In the RT group, MAC30 was or tended to be positively correlated with infiltrated growth pattern (p = 0.02), PRL (phosphatase of regenerating liver, p = 0.01) and Ki-67 expression (p = 0.06). MAC30 at the invasive margin of the metastasis was related to poor survival (p = 0.02) in the whole group of patients. MAC30 in primary tumours was not related to recurrence and survival in the non-RT or RT group. CONCLUSIONS MAC30 expression in metastasis was an indicator for poor survival. After RT, MAC30 seemed to be more related to aggressive morphological and biological factors; however, we did not find direct evidence that MAC30 expression was related to the outcome of patients with or without RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Biomedicine and Surgery, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden
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Sun XF, Zhang H. Clinicopathological significance of stromal variables: angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, inflammatory infiltration, MMP and PINCH in colorectal carcinomas. Mol Cancer 2006; 5:43. [PMID: 17026740 PMCID: PMC1618857 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-5-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer research has mainly focused on alterations of genes and proteins in cancer cells themselves that result in either gain-of-function in oncogenes or loss-of-function in tumour-suppressor genes. However, stromal variables within or around tumours, including blood and lymph vessels, stromal cells and various proteins, have also important impacts on tumour development and progression. It has been shown that disruption of stromal-epithelial interactions influences cellular proliferation, differentiation, death, motility, genomic integrity, angiogenesis, and other phenotypes in various tissues. Moreover, stromal variables are also critical to therapy in cancer patients. In this review, we mainly focus on the clinicopathological significance of stromal variables including angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, inflammatory infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and the particularly interesting new cysteine-histidine rich protein (PINCH) in colorectal cancer (CRC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Sun
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Linköping, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Biomedicine and Surgery, University of Linköping, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
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