Docosahexaenoic Acid Attenuates Radiation-Induced Myocardial Fibrosis by Inhibiting the p38/ET-1 Pathway in Cardiomyocytes

Morroniside improves AngII-induced cardiac fibroblast proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix deposition by blocking p38/JNK signaling pathway through the downregulation of KLF5

Myocardial fibrosis (MF), which is an inevitable pathological manifestation of many cardiovascular diseases in the terminal stage, often contributes to severe cardiac dysfunction and sudden death. Morroniside (MOR) is the main active component of Cornus officinalis with a variety of biological activities. This study was designed to explore the efficacy of MOR in MF and to investigate its pharmacological mechanism. The viability of MOR-treated human cardiac fibroblast (HCF) cells with or without Angiotensin II (AngII) induction was assessed with Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The migration of AngII-induced HCF cells was appraised with a transwell assay. Gelatin zymography analysis was adopted to evaluate the activities of MMP2 and MMP9, while immunofluorescence assay was applied for the estimation of Collagen I and Collagen III. By means of western blot, the expressions of migration-, fibrosis-, and p38/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signal pathway-related proteins were resolved. The transfection efficacy of oe-Kruppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) was examined with reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot. In this study, it was found that MOR treatment inhibited AngII-induced hyperproliferation, migration, and fibrosis of HCF cells, accompanied with decreased activities of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), Fibronectin, and α-SMA, which were all reversed by KLF5 overexpression. Collectively, MOR exerted protective effects on MF by blocking p38/JNK signal pathway through the downregulation of KLF5.