Cardiac metastases and tumor embolization: A rare sequelae of primary undifferentiated liver sarcoma

A Practical Deep Learning Model in Differentiating Pneumonia-Type Lung Carcinoma from Pneumonia on CT Images: ResNet Added with Attention Mechanism

Objective

We aim to develop a deep neural network model to differentiate pneumonia-type lung carcinoma from pneumonia based on chest CT scanning and evaluate its performance.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 131 patients diagnosed with pneumonia-type lung carcinoma and 171 patients with pneumonia treated in Beijing Hospital from October 2019 to February 2021. The average age was 68 (±15) years old, and the proportion of men (162/302) was slightly more than that of women (140/302). In this study, a deep learning based model UNet was applied to extract lesion areas from chest CT images. Lesion areas were extracted and classified by a designed spatial attention mechanism network. The model AUC and diagnostic accuracy were analyzed based on the results of the model. We analyzed the accuracy rate, sensitivity, and specificity and compared the results of the model to the junior and senior radiologists and radiologists based on the model.

Results

The model has a good efficiency in detecting pneumonia-like lesions (6.31 seconds/case). The model accuracy rate, sensitivity, and specificity were 74.20%, 60.37%, and 89.36%, respectively. The junior radiologist's accuracy rate, sensitivity, and specificity were 61.00%, 48.08%, and 75.00%, respectively. The senior radiologist's accuracy rate, sensitivity, and specificity were 65.00%, 51.92%, and 79.17%, respectively. The results of junior radiologists based on the model were improved (76.00% for accuracy rate, 62.75% for sensitivity, and 89.80% for specificity). The results of senior radiologists based on the model were also improved (78.00% for accuracy rate, 64.71% for sensitivity, and 91.84% for specificity) and the diagnostic accuracy of which was statistically higher than other groups (P < 0.05). Based on the lesion texture diversity and the lesion boundary ambiguity, the algorithm produced false-positive samples (13.51%).

Conclusion

This deep learning model could detect pneumonia-type lung carcinoma and differentiate it from pneumonia accurately and efficiently.

Treatment of Hepatic Embryonal Undifferentiated Sarcoma With Cardiothoracic Involvement

Thorough study is required to decide the appropriate management of hepatic tumors in children. We present a case report of a hepatic embryonal undifferentiated sarcoma with unfavorable prognosis in a nine-year-old girl. After undergoing a detailed cancer characteristics and extension study, a two-stage surgery approach was decided. The hepatic tumor resection was the first procedure to be performed. One week later, under cardiopulmonary bypass, deep hypothermia, and circulatory arrest, thrombectomy of the inferior vena cava and right atrium was accomplished, plus thromboendarterectomy of the right pulmonary artery. During a four-year follow-up, the patient continues to be disease-free.