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Penkov N. Antibodies Processed Using High Dilution Technology Distantly Change Structural Properties of IFNγ Aqueous Solution. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1864. [PMID: 34834279 PMCID: PMC8618336 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Terahertz spectroscopy allows for the analysis of vibrations corresponding to the large-scale structural movements and collective dynamics of hydrogen-bonded water molecules. Previously, differences had been detected in the emission spectra of interferon-gamma (IFNγ) solutions surrounded by extremely diluted solutions of either IFNγ or antibodies to IFNγ without direct contact compared to a control. Here we aimed to analyse the structural properties of water in a sample of an aqueous solution of IFNγ via terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). Tubes with the IFNγ solution were immersed in fluidised lactose saturated with test samples (dilutions of antibodies to IFNγ or control) and incubated at 37 °C for 1, 1.5-2, 2.5-3, or 3.5-4 h. Fluidised lactose was chosen since it is an excipient in the manufacture of drugs based on diluted antibodies to IFNγ. After incubation, spectra were recorded within a wavenumber range of 10 to 110 cm-1 with a resolution of 4 cm-1. Lactose saturated with dilutions of antibodies to IFNγ (incubated for more than 2.5 h) changed the structural properties of an IFNγ aqueous solution without direct contact compared to the control. Terahertz spectra revealed stronger intermolecular hydrogen bonds and an increase in the relaxation time of free and weakly bound water molecules. The methodology developed on the basis of THz-TDS could potentially be applied to quality control of pharmaceuticals based on extremely diluted antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Penkov
- Laboratory of Optical and Spectral Analysis Methods, Institute of Cell Biophysics RAS, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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Abstract
The association between the presence of anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies and the onset of immunodeficiency with intracellular infections has been clearly established. No standard regimen to control the production of these pathogenic autoantibodies, apart from antimicrobial therapy to eliminate infections, contributes to the medical burden of this syndrome, which sometimes has a fatal outcome. In this review, we summarize the findings on anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies to facilitate further research and to provide guidance for treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiraprapa Wipasa
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, 26682Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Tarasov SA, Gorbunov EA, Don ES, Emelyanova AG, Kovalchuk AL, Yanamala N, Schleker ASS, Klein-Seetharaman J, Groenestein R, Tafani JP, van der Meide P, Epstein OI. Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Highly Diluted Biologics. J Immunol 2020; 205:1345-1354. [PMID: 32727888 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic use of Abs in cancer, autoimmunity, transplantation, and other fields is among the major biopharmaceutical advances of the 20th century. Broader use of Ab-based drugs is constrained because of their high production costs and frequent side effects. One promising approach to overcome these limitations is the use of highly diluted Abs, which are produced by gradual reduction of an Ab concentration to an extremely low level. This technology was used to create a group of drugs for the treatment of various diseases, depending on the specificity of the used Abs. Highly diluted Abs to IFN-γ (hd-anti-IFN-γ) have been demonstrated to be efficacious against influenza and other respiratory infections in a variety of preclinical and clinical studies. In the current study, we provide evidence for a possible mechanism of action of hd-anti-IFN-γ. Using high-resolution solution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we show that the drug induced conformational changes in the IFN-γ molecule. Chemical shift changes occurred in the amino acids located primarily at the dimer interface and at the C-terminal region of IFN-γ. These molecular changes could be crucial for the function of the protein, as evidenced by an observed hd-anti-IFN-γ-induced increase in the specific binding of IFN-γ to its receptor in U937 cells, enhanced induced production of IFN-γ in human PBMC culture, and increased survival of influenza A-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A Tarasov
- OOO "NPF "Materia Medica Holding," 127473 Moscow, Russian Federation.,The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Elena S Don
- OOO "NPF "Materia Medica Holding," 127473 Moscow, Russian Federation.,The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra G Emelyanova
- OOO "NPF "Materia Medica Holding," 127473 Moscow, Russian Federation.,The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Naveena Yanamala
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - A Sylvia S Schleker
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
| | | | | | | | - Oleg I Epstein
- OOO "NPF "Materia Medica Holding," 127473 Moscow, Russian Federation.,The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation
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