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Mohammed AD, Ball RAW, Jolly A, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Kubinak JL. Studying the cellular basis of small bowel enteropathy using high-parameter flow cytometry in mouse models of primary antibody deficiency. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1278197. [PMID: 38803492 PMCID: PMC11128607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1278197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Primary immunodeficiencies are heritable defects in immune system function. Antibody deficiency is the most common form of primary immunodeficiency in humans, can be caused by abnormalities in both the development and activation of B cells, and may result from B-cell-intrinsic defects or defective responses by other cells relevant to humoral immunity. Inflammatory gastrointestinal complications are commonly observed in antibody-deficient patients, but the underlying immune mechanisms driving this are largely undefined. Methods In this study, several mouse strains reflecting a spectrum of primary antibody deficiency (IgA-/-, Aicda-/-, CD19-/- and JH -/-) were used to generate a functional small-bowel-specific cellular atlas using a novel high-parameter flow cytometry approach that allows for the enumeration of 59 unique cell subsets. Using this cellular atlas, we generated a direct and quantifiable estimate of immune dysregulation. This estimate was then used to identify specific immune factors most predictive of the severity of inflammatory disease of the small bowel (small bowel enteropathy). Results Results from our experiments indicate that the severity of primary antibody deficiency positively correlates with the degree of immune dysregulation that can be expected to develop in an individual. In the SI of mice, immune dysregulation is primarily explained by defective homeostatic responses in T cell and invariant natural killer-like T (iNKT) cell subsets. These defects are strongly correlated with abnormalities in the balance between protein (MHCII-mediated) versus lipid (CD1d-mediated) antigen presentation by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intestinal stem cells (ISCs), respectively. Conclusions Multivariate statistical approaches can be used to obtain quantifiable estimates of immune dysregulation based on high-parameter flow cytometry readouts of immune function. Using one such estimate, we reveal a previously unrecognized tradeoff between iNKT cell activation and type 1 immunity that underlies disease in the small bowel. The balance between protein/lipid antigen presentation by ISCs may play a crucial role in regulating this balance and thereby suppressing inflammatory disease in the small bowel.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason L. Kubinak
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology Department, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
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2
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Mohammed AD, Ball RAW, Jolly A, Nagarkatti P, Nagarkatti M, Kubinak JL. Studying the cellular basis of small bowel enteropathy using high-parameter flow cytometry in mouse models of primary antibody deficiency. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.25.577009. [PMID: 38352330 PMCID: PMC10862736 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.25.577009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Primary immunodeficiencies are heritable defects in immune system function. Antibody deficiency is the most common form of primary immunodeficiency in humans, can be caused by abnormalities in both the development and activation of B cells, and may result from B-cell-intrinsic defects or defective responses by other cells relevant to humoral immunity. Inflammatory gastrointestinal complications are commonly observed in antibody-deficient patients, but the underlying immune mechanisms driving this are largely undefined. Methods In this study, several mouse strains reflecting a spectrum of primary antibody deficiency (IgA -/- , Aicda -/- , CD19 -/- and J H -/- ) were used to generate a functional small-bowel-specific cellular atlas using a novel high-parameter flow cytometry approach that allows for the enumeration of 59 unique cell subsets. Using this cellular atlas, we generated a direct and quantifiable estimate of immune dysregulation. This estimate was then used to identify specific immune factors most predictive of the severity of inflammatory disease of the small bowel (small bowel enteropathy). Results Results from our experiments indicate that the severity of primary antibody deficiency positively correlates with the degree of immune dysregulation that can be expected to develop in an individual. In the SI of mice, immune dysregulation is primarily explained by defective homeostatic responses in T cell and invariant natural killer-like T (iNKT) cell subsets. These defects are strongly correlated with abnormalities in the balance between protein (MHCII-mediated) versus lipid (CD1d-mediated) antigen presentation by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intestinal stem cells (ISCs), respectively. Conclusions Multivariate statistical approaches can be used to obtain quantifiable estimates of immune dysregulation based on high-parameter flow cytometry readouts of immune function. Using one such estimate, we reveal a previously unrecognized tradeoff between iNKT cell activation and type 1 immunity that underlies disease in the small bowel. The balance between protein/lipid antigen presentation by ISCs may play a crucial role in regulating this balance and thereby suppressing inflammatory disease in the small bowel.
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3
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Su R, Yang Y. Gut commensal bacteria exacerbate toxoplasmosis associated with TgSheepCHn5 (ToxoDB#2) and TgRedpandaCHn1 (ToxoDB#20) through Th1 immune response. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2795-2806. [PMID: 37782335 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Oral infection of mice with several strains of Toxoplasma gondii results in intestinal pathological lesions, which contributes to the invasion of this parasite. However, the exact mechanism is unclear, and only a few strains have been explored. Here, T. gondii TgSheepCHn5 and TgRedpandaCHn1 strains from sheep and red panda were evaluated. The TgSheepCHn5 and TgRedpandaCHn1 strains induced intestinal lesions, loss of Paneth cells, and gut commensal bacteria dysbiosis in Swiss Webster mice. The lesions and loss of Paneth cells were dependent on IFN-γ and gut commensal bacteria during T. gondii infection. Deleting IFN-γ or gut commensal bacteria suppressed the Th1 immune response, alleviated the lesions and parasite loading, and upregulated the number of Paneth cells. Loss of IFN-γ production accelerated mice death, whereas the deletion of gut commensal bacteria enhanced the survival time of the host. The Th1 cell immune responses have positive and negative effects on toxoplasmosis, resistance to T. gondii infection, and acceleration intestine lesions. Adjustment of Th1 cell responses and gut commensal bacteria may be effective treatments for toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijing Su
- Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Yurong Yang
- Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China.
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4
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Lingasamy P, Modhukur V, Mändar R, Salumets A. Exploring Immunome and Microbiome Interplay in Reproductive Health: Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Novel Diagnostic Tools. Semin Reprod Med 2023; 41:172-189. [PMID: 38262441 PMCID: PMC10846929 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1778017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The dynamic interplay between the immunome and microbiome in reproductive health is a complex and rapidly advancing research field, holding tremendously vast possibilities for the development of reproductive medicine. This immunome-microbiome relationship influences the innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby affecting the onset and progression of reproductive disorders. However, the mechanisms governing these interactions remain elusive and require innovative approaches to gather more understanding. This comprehensive review examines the current knowledge on reproductive microbiomes across various parts of female reproductive tract, with special consideration of bidirectional interactions between microbiomes and the immune system. Additionally, it explores innate and adaptive immunity, focusing on immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgM antibodies, their regulation, self-antigen tolerance mechanisms, and their roles in immune homeostasis. This review also highlights ongoing technological innovations in microbiota research, emphasizing the need for standardized detection and analysis methods. For instance, we evaluate the clinical utility of innovative technologies such as Phage ImmunoPrecipitation Sequencing (PhIP-Seq) and Microbial Flow Cytometry coupled to Next-Generation Sequencing (mFLOW-Seq). Despite ongoing advancements, we emphasize the need for further exploration in this field, as a deeper understanding of immunome-microbiome interactions holds promise for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for reproductive health, like infertility treatment and management of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijayachitra Modhukur
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Reet Mändar
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Andres Salumets
- Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Yu K, Tang Q, Yao Z, Wang Q. A mouse model to test the anti-inflammatory effect of facultative anaerobes on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:101988. [PMID: 36602904 PMCID: PMC9826967 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of facultative anaerobic bacteria in colitis remains to be elucidated. We have adapted a mouse model to explore the effect of individual facultative anaerobic bacteria on colitis, focusing on adapting a cocktail of antibiotics and multiple instillations by gavage. Weight, disease activity index, colon length, and histological score are used to assess the severity of colitis. We also describe anaerobic processing protocols of preparing facultative anaerobes. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Li et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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6
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Grasset EK, Alenghat T. Good intentions gone wrong: The B cell block to epithelial repair. Immunity 2022; 55:2222-2224. [PMID: 36516815 PMCID: PMC11008460 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cellular dynamics that influence mucosal healing are not well understood. In this issue of Immunity, Frede, Czarnewski, Monasterio et al. find that B cells accumulate in the colon following intestinal injury. These B cells impair epithelial repair by hindering local stromal-epithelial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie K Grasset
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Drukier Institute for Children's Health and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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7
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Tan SM, Snelson M, Østergaard JA, Coughlan MT. The Complement Pathway: New Insights into Immunometabolic Signaling in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:781-801. [PMID: 34806406 PMCID: PMC9587781 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Significance: The metabolic disorder, diabetes mellitus, results in microvascular complications, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which is partly believe to involve disrupted energy generation in the kidney, leading to injury that is characterized by inflammation and fibrosis. An increasing body of evidence indicates that the innate immune complement system is involved in the pathogenesis of DKD; however, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Recent Advances: Complement, traditionally thought of as the prime line of defense against microbial intrusion, has recently been recognized to regulate immunometabolism. Studies have shown that the complement activation products, Complement C5a and C3a, which are potent pro-inflammatory mediators, can mediate an array of metabolic responses in the kidney in the diabetic setting, including altered fuel utilization, disrupted mitochondrial respiratory function, and reactive oxygen species generation. In diabetes, the lectin pathway is activated via autoreactivity toward altered self-surfaces known as danger-associated molecular patterns, or via sensing altered carbohydrate and acetylation signatures. In addition, endogenous complement inhibitors can be glycated, whereas diet-derived glycated proteins can themselves promote complement activation, worsening DKD, and lending support for environmental influences as an additional avenue for propagating complement-induced inflammation and kidney injury. Critical Issues: Recent evidence indicates that conventional renoprotective agents used in DKD do not target the complement, leaving this web of inflammatory stimuli intact. Future Directions: Future studies should focus on the development of novel pharmacological agents that target the complement pathway to alleviate inflammation, oxidative stress, and kidney fibrosis, thereby reducing the burden of microvascular diseases in diabetes. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 781-801.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sih Min Tan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Snelson
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jakob A Østergaard
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Melinda T Coughlan
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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8
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Li Q, Sun X, Yu K, Lv J, Miao C, Yang J, Wang S, Fu Z, Sun Y, Zhang H, Zhang ZS, Keller ET, Yao Z, Wang Q. Enterobacter ludwigii protects DSS-induced colitis through choline-mediated immune tolerance. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111308. [PMID: 36044853 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal intestinal bacteria play key roles in regulating host immune tolerance; however, bacterial strains and related metabolites directly involved in this regulation are largely unknown. Here, using a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis combined with different antibiotic treatment, Enterobacter ludwigii, abundant in microbiota of mice treated with metronidazole, is screened out to have prophylactic and therapeutic effects on DSS-induced colitis with or without the presence of complex intestinal bacteria. E. ludwigii is found to induce CD103+DC and regulatory T (Treg)-mediated immune tolerance for colitis remission using in vitro and in vivo experiments. Moreover, choline, one metabolite of E. ludwigii, is identified to increase dendritic cells' (DCs) immune tolerance to promote Treg differentiation. E. ludwigii is found to induce DCs' immune tolerance ability for Treg differentiation through choline and α7nAChR-mediated retinoic acid (RA) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) upregulation, resulting in protecting mice against DSS-induced colitis. This study suggests potential therapeutic approaches for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Kaiyuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Junqiang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chunhui Miao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Song Wang
- Tianjin Kangzhe Pharmaceutical Technology Development Company, Ltd., Tianjin 300042, China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Kangzhe Pharmaceutical Technology Development Company, Ltd., Tianjin 300042, China
| | - Yamin Sun
- Tianjin Biochip Corporation, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhi-Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Evan T Keller
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Quan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Institute of Immunology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; The Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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9
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Zhu Y, Zhao Q, Huang Q, Li Y, Yu J, Zhang R, Liu J, Yan P, Xia J, Guo L, Liu G, Yang X, Zeng J. Nuciferine Regulates Immune Function and Gut Microbiota in DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:939377. [PMID: 35909691 PMCID: PMC9328756 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.939377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuciferine, a major aporphine alkaloid obtained from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera, exhibits anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties; however, its protective effects against inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has never been explored. In this study, an ulcerative colitis (UC) model was established in BALb/c mice by the continuous administration of 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water for 1 week. From day 8 to day 14, the DSS-treated mice were divided into a high-dose and a low-dose nuciferine treatment group and were intraperitoneally injected with the corresponding dose of the drug. Body weight loss, disease activity index (DAI), and colon length were measured. Histological changes were observed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. T lymphocyte proliferation was assessed by MTT assay. The ratio of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells were estimated by flow cytometry. Finally, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to compare the composition and relative abundance of the gut microbiota among the different treatment groups. The results showed that nuciferine treatment led to a significant improvement in symptoms, such as histological injury and colon shortening in mice with DSS-induced UC. Nuciferine treatment improved the Th1/Th2 and Treg/Th17 balance in the DSS-induced IBD model, as well as the composition of the intestinal microflora. At the phylum level, compared with the control group, the abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota was decreased in the model group, whereas that of Bacteroidetes increased. Meanwhile, at the genus level, compared with the control group, the numbers of the genera Lachnospiraceae_Clostridium, Bilophila and Halomonas reduced in the model group, while those of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Paraprevotella increased. Notably, nuciferine administration reversed this DSS-induced gut dysbiosis. These results indicated that nuciferine modulates gut microbiota homeostasis and immune function in mice with DSS-induced UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Zhu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Qi Huang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yana Li
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Pupu Yan
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Xia
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Liwei Guo
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liwei Guo
| | - Guoping Liu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Guoping Liu
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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10
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Sasaki T, Nagashima H, Okuma A, Yamauchi T, Yamasaki K, Aiba S, So T, Ishii N, Owada Y, MaruYama T, Kobayashi S. Functional Analysis of the Transcriptional Regulator IκB-ζ in Intestinal Homeostasis. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:1252-1259. [PMID: 33818662 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06958-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Toll-like receptor signaling pathway contributes to the regulation of intestinal homeostasis through interactions with commensal bacteria. Although the transcriptional regulator IκB-ζ can be induced by Toll-like receptor signaling, its role in intestinal homeostasis is still unclear. AIMS To investigate the role of IκB-ζ in gut homeostasis. METHODS DSS-administration induced colitis in control and IκB-ζ-deficient mice. The level of immunoglobulins in feces was detected by ELISA. The immunological population in lamina propria (LP) was analyzed by FACS. RESULTS IκB-ζ-deficient mice showed severe inflammatory diseases with DSS administration in the gut. The level of IgM in the feces after DSS administration was less in IκB-ζ-deficient mice compared to control mice. Upon administration of DSS, IκB-ζ-deficient mice showed exaggerated intestinal inflammation (more IFN-g-producing CD4+ T cells in LP), and antibiotic treatment canceled this inflammatory phenotype. CONCLUSION IκB-ζ plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Cell Recognition and Response, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nagashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okuma
- Laboratory of Cell Recognition and Response, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamauchi
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenshi Yamasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Setsuya Aiba
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takanori So
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoto Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takashi MaruYama
- Laboratory of Cell Recognition and Response, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Mucosal Immunology Unit, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shuhei Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Cell Recognition and Response, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan. .,Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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11
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Albillos A, Martin-Mateos R, Van der Merwe S, Wiest R, Jalan R, Álvarez-Mon M. Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:112-134. [PMID: 34703031 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The term cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) comprises the distinctive spectrum of immune alterations associated with the course of end-stage liver disease. Systemic inflammation and immune deficiency are the key components of CAID. Their severity is highly dynamic and progressive, paralleling cirrhosis stage. CAID involves two different immune phenotypes: the low-grade systemic inflammatory phenotype and the high-grade systemic inflammatory phenotype. The low-grade systemic inflammatory phenotype can be found in patients with compensated disease or clinical decompensation with no organ failure. In this phenotype, there is an exaggerated immune activation but the effector response is not markedly compromised. The high-grade systemic inflammatory phenotype is present in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, a clinical situation characterized by decompensation, organ failure and high short-term mortality. Along with high-grade inflammation, this CAID phenotype includes intense immune paralysis that critically increases the risk of infections and worsens prognosis. The intensity of CAID has important consequences on cirrhosis progression and correlates with the severity of liver insufficiency, bacterial translocation and organ failure. Therapies targeting the modulation of the dysfunctional immune response are currently being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Albillos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa Martin-Mateos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Schalk Van der Merwe
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging (CHROMETA), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reiner Wiest
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Kayama H, Okumura R, Takeda K. Interaction Between the Microbiota, Epithelia, and Immune Cells in the Intestine. Annu Rev Immunol 2021; 38:23-48. [PMID: 32340570 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-070119-115104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract harbors numerous commensal bacteria, referred to as the microbiota, that benefit host health by digesting dietary components and eliminating pathogens. The intestinal microbiota maintains epithelial barrier integrity and shapes the mucosal immune system, balancing host defense and oral tolerance with microbial metabolites, components, and attachment to host cells. To avoid aberrant immune responses, epithelial cells segregate the intestinal microbiota from immune cells by constructing chemical and physical barriers, leading to the establishment of host-commensal mutualism. Furthermore, intestinal immune cells participate in the maintenance of a healthy microbiota community and reinforce epithelial barrier functions. Perturbations of the microbiota composition are commonly observed in patients with autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory disorders. An understanding of the intimate interactions between the intestinal microbiota, epithelial cells, and immune cells that are crucial for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis might promote advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Kayama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; , , .,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; , , .,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; , , .,WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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13
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MyD88 in myofibroblasts enhances colitis-associated tumorigenesis via promoting macrophage M2 polarization. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108724. [PMID: 33535045 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal adaptor MyD88, an essential component of TLR signaling, plays an important role in gut-microbiome interactions. However, its contribution to colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is still controversial. Far less is known about the specific effects of MyD88 signaling in myofibroblasts in CAC development. Here, we used a CAC mouse model in which MyD88 was selectively depleted in myofibroblasts. Myofibroblast MyD88-deficient mice are resistant to azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced tumorigenesis, as evidenced by the decrease in the number and sizes of tumors. MyD88 deficiency in myofibroblasts attenuates intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) proliferation after acute DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, MyD88 signaling in myofibroblasts increases the secretion of osteopontin (OPN), which promotes macrophage M2 polarization through binding to αvβ3 and CD44, leading to activation of the STAT3/PPARγ pathway. Thus, MyD88 signaling in myofibroblasts crucially contributes to colorectal cancer development and provides a promising therapeutic target for the prevention of colitis-associated carcinogenesis.
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14
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Chen K, Magri G, Grasset EK, Cerutti A. Rethinking mucosal antibody responses: IgM, IgG and IgD join IgA. Nat Rev Immunol 2020; 20:427-441. [PMID: 32015473 PMCID: PMC10262260 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-019-0261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Humoral immune responses at mucosal surfaces have historically focused on IgA. Growing evidence highlights the complexity of IgA-inducing pathways and the functional impact of IgA on mucosal commensal bacteria. In the gut, IgA contributes to the establishment of a mutualistic host-microbiota relationship that is required to maintain homeostasis and prevent disease. This Review discusses how mucosal IgA responses occur in an increasingly complex humoral defence network that also encompasses IgM, IgG and IgD. Aside from integrating the protective functions of IgA, these hitherto neglected mucosal antibodies may strengthen the communication between mucosal and systemic immune compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Giuliana Magri
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilie K Grasset
- The Immunology Institute, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain.
- The Immunology Institute, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona, Spain.
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15
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Chakaroun RM, Massier L, Kovacs P. Gut Microbiome, Intestinal Permeability, and Tissue Bacteria in Metabolic Disease: Perpetrators or Bystanders? Nutrients 2020; 12:E1082. [PMID: 32295104 PMCID: PMC7230435 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging evidence on the interconnectedness between the gut microbiome and host metabolism has led to a paradigm shift in the study of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes with implications on both underlying pathophysiology and potential treatment. Mounting preclinical and clinical evidence of gut microbiota shifts, increased intestinal permeability in metabolic disease, and the critical positioning of the intestinal barrier at the interface between environment and internal milieu have led to the rekindling of the "leaky gut" concept. Although increased circulation of surrogate markers and directly measurable intestinal permeability have been linked to increased systemic inflammation in metabolic disease, mechanistic models behind this phenomenon are underdeveloped. Given repeated observations of microorganisms in several tissues with congruent phylogenetic findings, we review current evidence on these unanticipated niches, focusing specifically on the interaction between gut permeability and intestinal as well as extra-intestinal bacteria and their joint contributions to systemic inflammation and metabolism. We further address limitations of current studies and suggest strategies drawing on standard techniques for permeability measurement, recent advancements in microbial culture independent techniques and computational methodologies to robustly develop these concepts, which may be of considerable value for the development of prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima M. Chakaroun
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (L.M.); (P.K.)
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16
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Michaud E, Mastrandrea C, Rochereau N, Paul S. Human Secretory IgM: An Elusive Player in Mucosal Immunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:141-156. [PMID: 31928913 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Secretory IgMs (SIgMs) were amongst the first identified immunoglobulins. However, their importance was not fully understood and recent advances have shown they play a key role in establishing and promoting commensal gut tolerance in mice and humans. The true interactions between SIgMs and the microbiota remain controversial and we aim to consolidate current knowledge in this review. Through comprehensive examination of SIgMs and their corresponding B cell secretors in several different pathological immunological contexts, we review the presumed role of these molecules in gut tolerance, inflammatory bowel diseases, and lung immunity. As SIgMs harbor a mostly tolerogenic function, we posit that their inclusion in further immunological research is paramount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Michaud
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Nicolas Rochereau
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphane Paul
- GIMAP/EA3064, Université de Lyon, CIC 1408 Vaccinology, Saint-Etienne, France.
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17
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Abstract
B cells are typically characterized by their ability to produce antibodies, function as secondary antigen-present cells, and produce various immunoregulatory cytokines. The regulatory B (Breg)-cell population is now widely accepted as an important modulatory component of the immune system that suppresses inflammation. Recent studies indicate that Breg-cell populations are small under physiological conditions but expand substantially in both human patients and murine models of chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, infection, transplantation, and cancer. Almost all B-cell subsets can be induced to form Breg cells. In addition, there are unique Breg-cell subsets such as B10 and Tim-1+ B cells. Immunoregulatory function may be mediated by production of cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-β and ensuing suppression of T cells, by direct cell-cell interactions, and (or) by altering the immune microenvironment. In this chapter, we describe in detail the discovery of Breg cells, their phenotypes, differentiation, function, contributions to disease, and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luman Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd, 226, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd, 226, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiwei Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, No. 138, Yi Xue Yuan Rd, 226, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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18
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Sterlin D, Fadlallah J, Slack E, Gorochov G. The antibody/microbiota interface in health and disease. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:3-11. [PMID: 31413347 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human intestine is densely colonized with commensal microbes that stimulate the immune system. While secretory Immunoglobulin (Ig) A is known to play a crucial role in gut microbiota compartmentalization, secretory IgM, and systemic IgG have recently been highlighted in host-microbiota interactions as well. In this review, we discuss important aspects of secretory IgA biology, but rather than focusing on mechanistic aspects of IgA impact on microbiota, we stress the current knowledge of systemic antibody responses to whole gut microbiota, in particular their generation, specificities, and function. We also provide a comprehensive picture of secretory IgM biology. Finally, therapeutic and diagnostic implications of these novel findings for the treatment of various diseases are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Sterlin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France.,Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, Institut Pasteur, UMR1222 Inserm, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Jehane Fadlallah
- Université Paris Diderot Paris 7, Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), EA3518, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Emma Slack
- Institute of Food Sciences, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), AP-HP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013, Paris, France.
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19
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Thoo L, Noti M, Krebs P. Keep calm: the intestinal barrier at the interface of peace and war. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:849. [PMID: 31699962 PMCID: PMC6838056 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial barriers have to constantly cope with both harmless and harmful stimuli. The epithelial barrier therefore serves as a dynamic and not static wall to safeguard its proper physiological function while ensuring protection. This is achieved through multiple defence mechanisms involving various cell types - epithelial and non-epithelial - that work in an integrated manner to build protective barriers at mucosal sites. Damage may nevertheless occur, due to pathogens, physical insults or dysregulated immune responses, which trigger a physiologic acute or a pathologic chronic inflammatory cascade. Inflammation is often viewed as a pathological condition, particularly due to the increasing prevalence of chronic inflammatory (intestinal) diseases. However, inflammation is also necessary for wound healing. The aetiology of chronic inflammatory diseases is incompletely understood and identification of the underlying mechanisms would reveal additional therapeutic approaches. Resolution is an active host response to end ongoing inflammation but its relevance is under-appreciated. Currently, most therapies aim at dampening inflammation at damaged mucosal sites, yet these approaches do not efficiently shut down the inflammation process nor repair the epithelial barrier. Therefore, future treatment strategies should also promote the resolution phase. Yet, the task of repairing the barrier can be an arduous endeavour considering its multiple integrated layers of defence - which is advantageous for damage prevention but becomes challenging to repair at multiple levels. In this review, using the intestines as a model epithelial organ and barrier paradigm, we describe the consequences of chronic inflammation and highlight the importance of the mucosae to engage resolving processes to restore epithelial barrier integrity and function. We further discuss the contribution of pre-mRNA alternative splicing to barrier integrity and intestinal homeostasis. Following discussions on current open questions and challenges, we propose a model in which resolution of inflammation represents a key mechanism for the restoration of epithelial integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lester Thoo
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mario Noti
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Gastro-Intestinal Health, Immunology, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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20
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Mishima Y, Oka A, Liu B, Herzog JW, Eun CS, Fan TJ, Bulik-Sullivan E, Carroll IM, Hansen JJ, Chen L, Wilson JE, Fisher NC, Ting JP, Nochi T, Wahl A, Garcia JV, Karp CL, Sartor RB. Microbiota maintain colonic homeostasis by activating TLR2/MyD88/PI3K signaling in IL-10-producing regulatory B cells. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3702-3716. [PMID: 31211700 DOI: 10.1172/jci93820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident microbiota activate regulatory cells that modulate intestinal inflammation and promote and maintain intestinal homeostasis. IL-10 is a key mediator of immune regulatory function. Our studies described the functional importance and mechanisms by which gut microbiota and specific microbial components influenced the development of intestinal IL-10-producing B cells. We used fecal transplant to germ-free (GF) Il10+/EGFP reporter and Il10-/- mice to demonstrate that microbiota from specific pathogen-free mice primarily stimulated IL-10-producing colon-specific B cells and T regulatory-1 cells in ex-GF mice. IL-10 in turn down-regulated microbiota-activated mucosal inflammatory cytokines. TLR2/9 ligands and enteric bacterial lysates preferentially induced IL-10 production and regulatory capacity of intestinal B cells. Analysis of Il10+/EGFP mice crossed with additional gene-deficient strains and B cell co-transfer studies demonstrated that microbiota-induced IL-10-producing intestinal B cells ameliorated chronic T cell-mediated colitis in a TLR2, MyD88 and PI3K-dependent fashion. In vitro studies implicated PI3Kp110δ and AKT downstream signaling. These studies demonstrated that resident enteric bacteria activated intestinal IL-10-producing B cells through TLR2, MyD88 and PI3K pathways. These B cells reduced colonic T cell activation and maintained mucosal homeostasis in response to intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Mishima
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Akihiko Oka
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Bo Liu
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeremy W Herzog
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chang Soo Eun
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Guri, South Korea
| | - Ting-Jia Fan
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | | | - Ian M Carroll
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Nutrition
| | - Jonathan J Hansen
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Liang Chen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, and
| | - Justin E Wilson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, and
| | | | - Jenny Py Ting
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, and
| | - Tomonori Nochi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNC, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Angela Wahl
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNC, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Victor Garcia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, UNC, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher L Karp
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - R Balfour Sartor
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC), Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology
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21
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Yang W, Xiao Y, Huang X, Chen F, Sun M, Bilotta AJ, Xu L, Lu Y, Yao S, Zhao Q, Liu Z, Cong Y. Microbiota Metabolite Short-Chain Fatty Acids Facilitate Mucosal Adjuvant Activity of Cholera Toxin through GPR43. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:282-292. [PMID: 31076530 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota has been shown critical for mucosal adjuvant activity of cholera toxin (CT), a potent mucosal adjuvant. However, the mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. In this study, we report that depletion of gut bacteria significantly decreased mucosal and systemic Ab responses in mice orally immunized with OVA and CT. Feeding mice short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) promoted Ab responses elicited by CT, and, more importantly, rescued Ab responses in antibiotic-treated mice. In addition, mice deficient in GPR43, a receptor for SCFAs, showed impaired adjuvant activity of CT. Administering CT did not promote SCFA production in the intestines; thus, SCFAs facilitated but did not directly mediate the adjuvant activity of CT. SCFAs promoted B cell Ab production by promoting dendritic cell production of BAFF and ALDH1a2, which induced B cell expression of IFN regulatory factor 4, Blimp1, and XBP1, the plasma B cell differentiation-related genes. Furthermore, when infected with Citrobacter rodentium, GPR43-/- mice exhibited decreased Ab responses and were more susceptible to infection, whereas the administration of SCFAs promoted intestinal Ab responses in wild-type mice. Our study thereby demonstrated a critical role of gut microbiota and their metabolite SCFAs in promoting mucosal adjuvant activity of CT through GPR43.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiangsheng Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Feidi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Anthony J Bilotta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Leiqi Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.,Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; and
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | - Suxia Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
| | | | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555; .,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555
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22
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Ceftriaxone Administration Disrupts Intestinal Homeostasis, Mediating Noninflammatory Proliferation and Dissemination of Commensal Enterococci. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00674-18. [PMID: 30224553 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00674-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococci are Gram-positive commensals of the mammalian intestinal tract and harbor intrinsic resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Disruption of colonization resistance in humans by antibiotics allows enterococci to proliferate in the gut and cause disseminated infections. In this study, we used Enterococcus faecalis (EF)-colonized mice to study the dynamics of enterococci, commensal microbiota, and the host in response to systemic ceftriaxone administration. We found that the mouse model recapitulates intestinal proliferation and dissemination of enterococci seen in humans. Employing a ceftriaxone-sensitive strain of enterococci (E. faecalis JL308), we showed that increased intestinal abundance is critical for the systemic dissemination of enterococci. Investigation of the impact of ceftriaxone on the mucosal barrier defenses and integrity suggested that translocation of enterococci across the intestinal mucosa was not associated with intestinal pathology or increased permeability. Ceftriaxone-induced alteration of intestinal microbial composition was associated with transient increase in the abundance of multiple bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in addition to enterococci, for example, lactobacilli, which also disseminated to the extraintestinal organs. Collectively, these results emphasize that ceftriaxone-induced disruption of colonization resistance and alteration of mucosal homeostasis facilitate increased intestinal abundance of a limited number of commensals along with enterococci, allowing their translocation and systemic dissemination in a healthy host.
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23
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Song J, Chen Z, Geng T, Wang M, Yi S, Liu K, Zhou W, Gao J, Song W, Tang H. Deleting MyD88 signaling in myeloid cells promotes development of adenocarcinomas of the colon. Cancer Lett 2018; 433:65-75. [PMID: 29960049 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal myeloid cells are not only essential for keeping local homeostasis, but also play an important role in regulating the occurrence of colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). In these diseases, the manner in which the myeloid cells work and which molecular pathways influence them are still not fully understood. In our study, we discovered that MyD88 signaling in colonic myeloid cells participates in the development of CAC. Myeloid MyD88-deficient mice showed greater susceptibility to azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced CAC, as evidenced by the increase in the number and sizes of tumors. Myeloid MyD88 deletion markedly increased production of pro-inflammatory and pro-tumor cytokines; recruitment of more IL-1β producing-neutrophils in colon from bone marrow; increased in epithelial cell apoptosis and decreased in epithelial cell proliferation; enhancement of colon mucosal expression of COX-2, p-STAT3, β-catenin, and cyclinD1; induction of further DNA damage and β-catenin mutation. To sum up, these results suggest that myeloid MyD88 signaling protects the intestine from tumorigenesis during the development of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Song
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Zhengtao Chen
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Tingting Geng
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Meixiang Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Shuying Yi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Jiming Gao
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Wengang Song
- Department of Basic Medicine, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Institute of Immunology, Taishan Medical University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271000, China; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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Toll-Like Receptor 7 Agonist-Induced Dermatitis Causes Severe Dextran Sulfate Sodium Colitis by Altering the Gut Microbiome and Immune Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:135-156. [PMID: 30510995 PMCID: PMC6260383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are both chronic inflammatory diseases occurring in the skin and gut, respectively. It is well established that psoriasis and IBD have high concordance rates, and similar changes in immune cells and microbiome composition have been reported in both conditions. To study this connection, we used a combination murine model of psoriatic dermatitis and colitis in which mice were treated topically with the Toll-like receptor 7 agonist imiquimod (IMQ) and fed dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). METHODS We applied IMQ topically to B6 mice (IMQ mice) and subsequently fed them 2% DSS in their drinking water. Disease activity and immune cell phenotypes were analyzed, and the microbial composition of fecal samples was investigated using 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. We transplanted feces from IMQ mice to germ-free IQI/Jic (IQI) mice and fed them DSS to assess the effect of the gut microbiome on disease. RESULTS We first confirmed that IMQ mice showed accelerated DSS colitis. IMQ mice had decreased numbers of IgD+ and IgM+ B cells and increased numbers of non-cytokine-producing macrophages in the gut. Moreover, the gut microbiomes of IMQ mice were perturbed, with significant reductions of Lactobacillus johnsonii and Lactobacillus reuteri populations. Germ-free mice transplanted with feces from IMQ mice, but not with feces from untreated mice, also developed exacerbated DSS colitis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that skin inflammation may contribute to pathogenic conditions in the gut via immunologic and microbiological changes. Our finding of a novel potential skin-gut interaction provides new insights into the coincidence of psoriasis and IBD.
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Key Words
- Abx, antibiotics
- BM, bone marrow
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- DAI, disease activity index
- DSS, dextran sulfate sodium
- Dermatitis
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GF, germ-free
- Gut Microbiome
- HBSS, Hank’s balanced salt solution
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- ILC, innate lymphoid cell
- IMQ, imiquimod
- IP, intraperitoneally
- IQI, IQI/Jic
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- LP, lamina propria
- NLRP3, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3
- OTU, operational taxonomic unit
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PE, phycoerythrin
- PMA, phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate
- SPF, specific pathogen-free
- TLR, Toll-like receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- Th, T helper
- Treg, regulatory T cells
- WT, wild-type
- ZO-1, zonula occludens-1
- dLN, draining lymph node
- gnoto, gnotobiote
- pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell
- rRNA, ribosomal RNA
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McCarthy JD, Cao Q, Winsor N, Van Limbergen J, Stadnyk AW. The anaphylatoxin C3a primes model colonic epithelial cells for expression of inflammatory mediators through Gαi. Mol Immunol 2018; 103:125-132. [PMID: 30261438 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies have identified that complement becomes activated during inflammation of the intestines yet it is unclear what roles the split complement molecules play. The epithelium, in particular, may be impacted and accordingly, we first discovered that colonic cell lines indeed possess the C5aR. Here we examined whether these cells also possess the C3aR. We determined that T84, HT-29 and Caco2 all possess C3aR mRNA and protein; T84 and HT29 were used to further explore the consequence of C3a binding the C3aR. C3a led to increased mRNA for CXCL2, CXCL8 and CXCL11. Polarized T84 monolayers responded to apically applied C3a with increased CXCL8 mRNA more rapidly than if the C3a was applied basolaterally. Polarized monolayers also increased permeability when treated with C3a. ERK1/2 was activated by C3a and the increase in CXCL8 mRNA was ERK-dependent in both T84 and HT-29. C3a resulted in activation of Gαi, determined by the ERK1/2 signal showing sensitivity to pertussis toxin. The transmembrane signal was further mapped to include Ras and c-Raf. Finally, we show that the C3aR is expressed by primary cells in mouse enteroids. We conclude that complement activation will contribute to the epithelial response during inflammation through C3a binding to the C3aR including by priming the cells to upregulate mRNA for selected chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D McCarthy
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Room 7-C, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Room 7-C, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Nathaniel Winsor
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Room 7-C, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Johan Van Limbergen
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Room 7-C, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, 5850 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada
| | - Andrew W Stadnyk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College Street, Room 7-C, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, IWK Health Centre, 5850 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3K 6R8, Canada.
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26
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Preite S, Cannons JL, Radtke AJ, Vujkovic-Cvijin I, Gomez-Rodriguez J, Volpi S, Huang B, Cheng J, Collins N, Reilley J, Handon R, Dobbs K, Huq L, Raman I, Zhu C, Li QZ, Li MO, Pittaluga S, Uzel G, Notarangelo LD, Belkaid Y, Germain RN, Schwartzberg PL. Hyperactivated PI3Kδ promotes self and commensal reactivity at the expense of optimal humoral immunity. Nat Immunol 2018; 19:986-1000. [PMID: 30127432 PMCID: PMC6140795 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-018-0182-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase catalytic subunit p110δ (PI3Kδ) result in a human primary immunodeficiency characterized by lymphoproliferation, respiratory infections and inefficient responses to vaccines. However, what promotes these immunological disturbances at the cellular and molecular level remains unknown. We generated a mouse model that recapitulated major features of this disease and used this model and patient samples to probe how hyperactive PI3Kδ fosters aberrant humoral immunity. We found that mutant PI3Kδ led to co-stimulatory receptor ICOS-independent increases in the abundance of follicular helper T cells (TFH cells) and germinal-center (GC) B cells, disorganized GCs and poor class-switched antigen-specific responses to immunization, associated with altered regulation of the transcription factor FOXO1 and pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 family. Notably, aberrant responses were accompanied by increased reactivity to gut bacteria and a broad increase in autoantibodies that were dependent on stimulation by commensal microbes. Our findings suggest that proper regulation of PI3Kδ is critical for ensuring optimal host-protective humoral immunity despite tonic stimulation from the commensal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Preite
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Cannons
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrea J Radtke
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivan Vujkovic-Cvijin
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julio Gomez-Rodriguez
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Clinica Pediatrica e Reumatologia, Centro per le Malattie Autoinfiammatorie e Immunodeficienze, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - Bonnie Huang
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jun Cheng
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Collins
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Reilley
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robin Handon
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lutfi Huq
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Indu Raman
- Microarray Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chengsong Zhu
- Microarray Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Microarray Core Facility, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ming O Li
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stefania Pittaluga
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yasmine Belkaid
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Microbiome Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ronald N Germain
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pamela L Schwartzberg
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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López-Yglesias AH, Burger E, Araujo A, Martin AT, Yarovinsky F. T-bet-independent Th1 response induces intestinal immunopathology during Toxoplasma gondii infection. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:921-931. [PMID: 29297501 PMCID: PMC6179443 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Coordinated production of IFN-γ by innate and adaptive immune cells is central for host defense, but can also trigger immunopathology. The investigation of the lymphoid cell-specific contribution to the IFN-γ-mediated intestinal pathology during Toxoplasma gondii infection identified CD4+ T cells as a key cell population responsible for IFN-γ-dependent intestinal inflammation and Paneth cell loss, where T-bet-dependent group 1 innate lymphoid cells have a minor role in driving the parasite-induced immunopathology. This was evident from the analysis of T-bet deficiency that did not prevent the intestinal inflammation and instead revealed that T-bet-deficient CD4+ Th1 cells are sufficient for T. gondii-triggered acute ileitis and Paneth cell loss. These results revealed that T-bet-independent Th1 effector cells are major functional mediators of the type I immunopathological response during acute gastrointestinal infection.
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28
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Wunderlich CM, Ackermann PJ, Ostermann AL, Adams-Quack P, Vogt MC, Tran ML, Nikolajev A, Waisman A, Garbers C, Theurich S, Mauer J, Hövelmeyer N, Wunderlich FT. Obesity exacerbates colitis-associated cancer via IL-6-regulated macrophage polarisation and CCL-20/CCR-6-mediated lymphocyte recruitment. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1646. [PMID: 29695802 PMCID: PMC5916940 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide in which the vast majority of cases exhibit little genetic risk but are associated with a sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Although the mechanisms underlying CRC and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) remain unclear, we hypothesised that obesity-induced inflammation predisposes to CAC development. Here, we show that diet-induced obesity accelerates chemically-induced CAC in mice via increased inflammation and immune cell recruitment. Obesity-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6) shifts macrophage polarisation towards tumour-promoting macrophages that produce the chemokine CC-chemokine-ligand-20 (CCL-20) in the CAC microenvironment. CCL-20 promotes CAC progression by recruiting CC-chemokine-receptor-6 (CCR-6)-expressing B cells and γδ T cells via chemotaxis. Compromised cell recruitment as well as inhibition of B and γδ T cells protects against CAC progression. Collectively, our data reveal a function for IL-6 in the CAC microenvironment via lymphocyte recruitment through the CCL-20/CCR-6 axis, thereby implicating a potential therapeutic intervention for human patients. Inflammation can be induced by obesity, and has been linked with onset of colorectal cancer (CAC). Here the authors show in mouse models that obesity-induced interleukin-6 alters macrophage function to enhance CCL-20/CCR-6-mediated recruitment of B cells and γδ T cells, thereby promoting gut inflammation and CAC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP) Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - P Justus Ackermann
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP) Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Ostermann
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP) Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Petra Adams-Quack
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Merly C Vogt
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP) Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - My-Ly Tran
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP) Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexei Nikolajev
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Garbers
- Department of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Medical Faculty, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Theurich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP) Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Mauer
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Nadine Hövelmeyer
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Mainz, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - F Thomas Wunderlich
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research Cologne, Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP) Cologne, 50931, Cologne, Germany.
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29
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Enteric Virome Sensing-Its Role in Intestinal Homeostasis and Immunity. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040146. [PMID: 29570694 PMCID: PMC5923440 DOI: 10.3390/v10040146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) sensing commensal microorganisms in the intestine induce tightly controlled tonic signaling in the intestinal mucosa, which is required to maintain intestinal barrier integrity and immune homeostasis. At the same time, PRR signaling pathways rapidly trigger the innate immune defense against invasive pathogens in the intestine. Intestinal epithelial cells and mononuclear phagocytes in the intestine and the gut-associated lymphoid tissues are critically involved in sensing components of the microbiome and regulating immune responses in the intestine to sustain immune tolerance against harmless antigens and to prevent inflammation. These processes have been mostly investigated in the context of the bacterial components of the microbiome so far. The impact of viruses residing in the intestine and the virus sensors, which are activated by these enteric viruses, on intestinal homeostasis and inflammation is just beginning to be unraveled. In this review, we will summarize recent findings indicating an important role of the enteric virome for intestinal homeostasis as well as pathology when the immune system fails to control the enteric virome. We will provide an overview of the virus sensors and signaling pathways, operative in the intestine and the mononuclear phagocyte subsets, which can sense viruses and shape the intestinal immune response. We will discuss how these might interact with resident enteric viruses directly or in context with the bacterial microbiome to affect intestinal homeostasis.
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30
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Burger E, Araujo A, López-Yglesias A, Rajala MW, Geng L, Levine B, Hooper LV, Burstein E, Yarovinsky F. Loss of Paneth Cell Autophagy Causes Acute Susceptibility to Toxoplasma gondii-Mediated Inflammation. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 23:177-190.e4. [PMID: 29358083 PMCID: PMC6179445 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii triggers severe small intestinal immunopathology characterized by IFN-γ- and intestinal microbiota-mediated inflammation, Paneth cell loss, and bacterial dysbiosis. Paneth cells are a prominent secretory epithelial cell type that resides at the base of intestinal crypts and releases antimicrobial peptides. We demonstrate that the microbiota triggers basal Paneth cell-specific autophagy via induction of IFN-γ, a known trigger of autophagy, to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Deletion of the autophagy protein Atg5 specifically in Paneth cells results in exaggerated intestinal inflammation characterized by complete destruction of the intestinal crypts resembling that seen in pan-epithelial Atg5-deficient mice. Additionally, lack of functional autophagy in Paneth cells within intestinal organoids and T. gondii-infected mice causes increased sensitivity to the proinflammatory cytokine TNF along with increased intestinal permeability, leading to exaggerated microbiota- and IFN-γ-dependent intestinal immunopathology. Thus, Atg5 expression in Paneth cells is essential for tissue protection against cytokine-mediated immunopathology during acute gastrointestinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Burger
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Alessandra Araujo
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Américo López-Yglesias
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Michael W Rajala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Linda Geng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Center for Autophagy Research, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lora V Hooper
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Immunology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ezra Burstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Felix Yarovinsky
- Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Matsuo K, Nagakubo D, Yamamoto S, Shigeta A, Tomida S, Fujita M, Hirata T, Tsunoda I, Nakayama T, Yoshie O. CCL28-Deficient Mice Have Reduced IgA Antibody-Secreting Cells and an Altered Microbiota in the Colon. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:800-809. [PMID: 29237777 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CCL28 induces the migration of IgA Ab-secreting cells (ASCs) via CCR10 and also displays a potent antimicrobial activity in vitro. To explore the role of CCL28 in vivo, we generated CCL28-deficient mice. The mice exhibited a significant reduction and abnormal distribution of IgA ASCs in the lamina propria of the colon. The concentrations of total and Ag-specific IgA in the fecal extracts of CCL28-deficient mice were also drastically reduced. The average amount of IgA secreted by a single IgA ASC derived from the colon was also substantially reduced in CCL28-deficient mice. Furthermore, CCL28 was found to significantly increase the average amount of IgA secreted by a single IgA ASC derived from the colon in vitro. In contrast, the generation of IgA ASCs in Peyer's and cecal patches was not significantly impaired in CCL28-deficient mice. We also found a relative increase in the Class Bacilli in the fecal extracts of CCL28-deficient mice and demonstrated a potent antimicrobial activity of CCL28 against Bacillus cereus and Enterococcus faecalis, both of which belong to Class Bacilli. Thus, CCL28 may also suppress the outgrowth of some bacterial species by its direct antimicrobial activity. Finally, CCL28-deficient mice exhibited a highly aggravated dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis that was ameliorated by pretreatment with antibiotics. Collectively, CCL28 plays a pivotal role in the homing, distribution, and function of IgA ASCs in the colon and may also affect the intestinal microbiota through its direct antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Matsuo
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nagakubo
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Akiko Shigeta
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; and
| | - Shuta Tomida
- Department of Biobank, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mitsugu Fujita
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; and
| | - Takako Hirata
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tsunoda
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; and
| | - Takashi Nakayama
- Division of Chemotherapy, Kindai University Faculty of Pharmacy, Higashi-Osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan;
| | - Osamu Yoshie
- Department of Microbiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Osaka 589-8511, Japan; and
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Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are known as first responders to infections and as instructors of subsequent CD4(+) T cell cytokine profiles. In this issue of Immunity, Fan and colleagues now demonstrate that even earlier responding innate-like B cells (NKB) induce these protective ILC responses.
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Gut dysbiosis breaks immunological tolerance toward the central nervous system during young adulthood. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9318-E9327. [PMID: 29078267 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1615715114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease targeting the central nervous system (CNS) mainly in young adults, and a breakage of immune tolerance to CNS self-antigens has been suggested to initiate CNS autoimmunity. Age and microbial infection are well-known factors involved in the development of autoimmune diseases, including MS. Recent studies have suggested that alterations in the gut microbiota, referred to as dysbiosis, are associated with MS. However, it is still largely unknown how gut dysbiosis affects the onset and progression of CNS autoimmunity. In this study, we investigated the effects of age and gut dysbiosis on the development of CNS autoimmunity in humanized transgenic mice expressing the MS-associated MHC class II (MHC-II) gene, HLA-DR2a, and T-cell receptor (TCR) genes specific for MBP87-99/DR2a that were derived from an MS patient. We show here that the induction of gut dysbiosis triggers the development of spontaneous experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) during adolescence and early young adulthood, while an increase in immunological tolerance with aging suppresses disease onset after late young adulthood in mice. Furthermore, gut dysbiosis induces the expression of complement C3 and production of the anaphylatoxin C3a, and down-regulates the expression of the Foxp3 gene and anergy-related E3 ubiquitin ligase genes. Consequently, gut dysbiosis was able to trigger the development of encephalitogenic T cells and promote the induction of EAE during the age window of young adulthood.
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Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease: The Role of the Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9090987. [PMID: 28880224 PMCID: PMC5622747 DOI: 10.3390/nu9090987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parenteral nutrition (PN) provides life-saving nutritional support in situations where caloric supply via the enteral route cannot cover the necessary needs of the organism. However, it does have serious adverse effects, including parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD). The development of liver injury associated with PN is multifactorial, including non-specific intestine inflammation, compromised intestinal permeability, and barrier function associated with increased bacterial translocation, primary and secondary cholangitis, cholelithiasis, short bowel syndrome, disturbance of hepatobiliary circulation, lack of enteral nutrition, shortage of some nutrients (proteins, essential fatty acids, choline, glycine, taurine, carnitine, etc.), and toxicity of components within the nutrition mixture itself (glucose, phytosterols, manganese, aluminium, etc.). Recently, an increasing number of studies have provided evidence that some of these factors are directly or indirectly associated with microbial dysbiosis in the intestine. In this review, we focus on PN-induced changes in the taxonomic and functional composition of the microbiome. We also discuss immune cell and microbial crosstalk during parenteral nutrition, and the implications for the onset and progression of PNALD. Finally, we provide an overview of recent advances in the therapeutic utilisation of pro- and prebiotics for the mitigation of PN-associated liver complications.
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Magri G, Comerma L, Pybus M, Sintes J, Lligé D, Segura-Garzón D, Bascones S, Yeste A, Grasset EK, Gutzeit C, Uzzan M, Ramanujam M, van Zelm MC, Albero-González R, Vazquez I, Iglesias M, Serrano S, Márquez L, Mercade E, Mehandru S, Cerutti A. Human Secretory IgM Emerges from Plasma Cells Clonally Related to Gut Memory B Cells and Targets Highly Diverse Commensals. Immunity 2017; 47:118-134.e8. [PMID: 28709802 PMCID: PMC5519504 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) enhances host-microbiota symbiosis, whereas SIgM remains poorly understood. We found that gut IgM+ plasma cells (PCs) were more abundant in humans than mice and clonally related to a large repertoire of memory IgM+ B cells disseminated throughout the intestine but rare in systemic lymphoid organs. In addition to sharing a gut-specific gene signature with memory IgA+ B cells, memory IgM+ B cells were related to some IgA+ clonotypes and switched to IgA in response to T cell-independent or T cell-dependent signals. These signals induced abundant IgM which, together with SIgM from clonally affiliated PCs, recognized mucus-embedded commensals. Bacteria recognized by human SIgM were dually coated by SIgA and showed increased richness and diversity compared to IgA-only-coated or uncoated bacteria. Thus, SIgM may emerge from pre-existing memory rather than newly activated naive IgM+ B cells and could help SIgA to anchor highly diverse commensal communities to mucus. IgM+ PCs generating SIgM are relatively abundant in human but not mouse gut IgM+ PCs clonally relate to a large gut repertoire of memory IgM+ B cells Gut memory IgM+ B cells express a tissue-specific signature and can switch to IgA Human but not mouse SIgM binds a highly diverse microbiota dually coated by SIgA
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Magri
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Laura Comerma
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Marc Pybus
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Jordi Sintes
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - David Lligé
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Daniel Segura-Garzón
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Sabrina Bascones
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Ada Yeste
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Emilie K Grasset
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Cindy Gutzeit
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mathieu Uzzan
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Meera Ramanujam
- Immunology and Respiratory Disease Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT 06877, USA
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | | | - Ivonne Vazquez
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Mar Iglesias
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Sergi Serrano
- Pathology Department, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona 08003, Spain; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Lucía Márquez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Elena Mercade
- Department of Biology, Health and Environment, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Saurabh Mehandru
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrea Cerutti
- Program for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Disorders, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona 08003, Spain; Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
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36
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Burgener SS, Baumann M, Basilico P, Remold-O'Donnell E, Touw IP, Benarafa C. Myeloid conditional deletion and transgenic models reveal a threshold for the neutrophil survival factor Serpinb1. Biol Chem 2017; 397:897-905. [PMID: 27107834 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2016-0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Serpinb1 is an inhibitor of neutrophil granule serine proteases cathepsin G, proteinase-3 and elastase. One of its core physiological functions is to protect neutrophils from granule protease-mediated cell death. Mice lacking Serpinb1a (Sb1a-/-), its mouse ortholog, have reduced bone marrow neutrophil numbers due to cell death mediated by cathepsin G and the mice show increased susceptibility to lung infections. Here, we show that conditional deletion of Serpinb1a using the Lyz2-cre and Cebpa-cre knock-in mice effectively leads to recombination-mediated deletion in neutrophils but protein-null neutrophils were only obtained using the latter recombinase-expressing strain. Absence of Serpinb1a protein in neutrophils caused neutropenia and increased granule permeabilization-induced cell death. We then generated transgenic mice expressing human Serpinb1 in neutrophils under the human MRP8 (S100A8) promoter. Serpinb1a expression levels in founder lines correlated positively with increased neutrophil survival when crossed with Sb1a-/- mice, which had their defective neutrophil phenotype rescued in the higher expressing transgenic line. Using new conditional and transgenic mouse models, our study demonstrates the presence of a relatively low Serpinb1a protein threshold in neutrophils that is required for sustained survival. These models will also be helpful in delineating recently described functions of Serpinb1 in metabolism and cancer.
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Wu W, Sun M, Chen F, Cao AT, Liu H, Zhao Y, Huang X, Xiao Y, Yao S, Zhao Q, Liu Z, Cong Y. Microbiota metabolite short-chain fatty acid acetate promotes intestinal IgA response to microbiota which is mediated by GPR43. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:946-956. [PMID: 27966553 PMCID: PMC5471141 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal IgA, which is regulated by gut microbiota, has a crucial role in maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and in protecting the intestines from inflammation. However, the means by which microbiota promotes intestinal IgA responses remain unclear. Emerging evidence suggests that the host can sense gut bacterial metabolites in addition to pathogen-associated molecular patterns and that recognition of these small molecules influences host immune response in the intestines and beyond. We reported here that microbiota metabolite short-chain fatty acid acetate promoted intestinal IgA responses, which was mediated by "metabolite-sensing" GPR43. GPR43-/- mice demonstrated lower levels of intestinal IgA and IgA+ gut bacteria compared with those in wild type (WT) mice. Feeding WT but not GPR43-/- mice acetate but not butyrate promoted intestinal IgA response independent of T cells. Acetate promoted B-cell IgA class switching and IgA production in vitro in the presence of WT but not GPR43-/- dendritic cells (DCs). Mechanistically, acetate-induced DC expression of Aldh1a2, which converts Vitamin A into its metabolite retinoic acid (RA). Moreover, blockade of RA signaling inhibited the acetate induction of B-cell IgA production. Our studies thus identified a new pathway by which microbiota promotes intestinal IgA response through its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Mingming Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Feidi Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Anthony T Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Xiangsheng Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | - Suxia Yao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | | | - Zhanju Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China,Corresponding authors: Yingzi Cong, Ph.D., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 4.142C Medical Research Building, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-1019. Phone: (409) 772-4902. Fax: (409) 772-5065. or Dr. Zhanju Liu, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; ; fax: (86) 21-6630-3983
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX,Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX,Corresponding authors: Yingzi Cong, Ph.D., Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 4.142C Medical Research Building, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555-1019. Phone: (409) 772-4902. Fax: (409) 772-5065. or Dr. Zhanju Liu, Department of Gastroenterology, The Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China; ; fax: (86) 21-6630-3983
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MyD88 signaling in dendritic cells and the intestinal epithelium controls immunity against intestinal infection with C. rodentium. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006357. [PMID: 28520792 PMCID: PMC5433783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MyD88-mediated signaling downstream of Toll-like receptors and the IL-1 receptor family is critically involved in the induction of protective host responses upon infections. Although it is known that MyD88-deficient mice are highly susceptible to a wide range of bacterial infections, the cell type-specific contribution of MyD88 in protecting the host against intestinal bacterial infection is only poorly understood. In order to investigate the importance of MyD88 in specific immune and nonimmune cell types during intestinal infection, we employed a novel murine knock-in model for MyD88 that enables the cell type-specific reactivation of functional MyD88 expression in otherwise MyD88-deficient mice. We report here that functional MyD88 signaling in CD11c+ cells was sufficient to activate intestinal dendritic cells (DC) and to induce the early group 3 innate lymphoid cell (ILC3) response as well as the development of colonic Th17/Th1 cells in response to infection with the intestinal pathogen C. rodentium. In contrast, restricting MyD88 signaling to several other cell types, including macrophages (MO), T cells or ILC3 did not induce efficient intestinal immune responses upon infection. However, we observed that the functional expression of MyD88 in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) also partially protected the mice during intestinal infection, which was associated with enhanced epithelial barrier integrity and increased expression of the antimicrobial peptide RegIIIγ and the acute phase protein SAA1 by epithelial cells. Together, our data suggest that MyD88 signaling in DC and IEC is both essential and sufficient to induce a full spectrum of host responses upon intestinal infection with C. rodentium. MyD88-dependent signaling pathways play a critical role in the protective immune response during intestinal infections. However, the significance of MyD88-mediated signaling in specific intestinal immune and nonimmune cell types for the activation of the early innate, adaptive and epithelial host responses upon infection remains poorly understood. Using a novel knock-in mouse model for MyD88, we report here that MyD88 signaling in CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC) is sufficient to activate RORγt+ group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) as well as Th17/Th1 cells in response to infection with C. rodentium. In contrast, restricting functional MyD88 signaling to several other immune cell types, including macrophages (MO), T cells and ILC3 did not result in intestinal immunity, while expression of MyD88 in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) mainly enhanced epithelial barrier integrity. Together, our data suggest that MyD88 signaling in DC and IEC is both essential and sufficient to induce a full spectrum of host responses upon intestinal infection with C. rodentium.
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39
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Schickel JN, Glauzy S, Ng YS, Chamberlain N, Massad C, Isnardi I, Katz N, Uzel G, Holland SM, Picard C, Puel A, Casanova JL, Meffre E. Self-reactive VH4-34-expressing IgG B cells recognize commensal bacteria. J Exp Med 2017; 214:1991-2003. [PMID: 28500047 PMCID: PMC5502416 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human VH4-34 gene segment encodes intrinsically self-reactive antibodies that recognize I/i carbohydrates. Schickel et al. show that these self-reactive clones may represent an innate-like B cell population specialized in the containment of commensal bacteria when gut barriers are breached. The germline immunoglobulin (Ig) variable heavy chain 4–34 (VH4-34) gene segment encodes in humans intrinsically self-reactive antibodies that recognize I/i carbohydrates expressed by erythrocytes with a specific motif in their framework region 1 (FWR1). VH4-34–expressing clones are common in the naive B cell repertoire but are rarely found in IgG memory B cells from healthy individuals. In contrast, CD27+IgG+ B cells from patients genetically deficient for IRAK4 or MYD88, which mediate the function of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) except TLR3, contained VH4-34–expressing clones and showed decreased somatic hypermutation frequencies. In addition, VH4-34–encoded IgGs from IRAK4- and MYD88-deficient patients often displayed an unmutated FWR1 motif, revealing that these antibodies still recognize I/i antigens, whereas their healthy donor counterparts harbored FWR1 mutations abolishing self-reactivity. However, this paradoxical self-reactivity correlated with these VH4-34–encoded IgG clones binding commensal bacteria antigens. Hence, B cells expressing germline-encoded self-reactive VH4-34 antibodies may represent an innate-like B cell population specialized in the containment of commensal bacteria when gut barriers are breached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Nicolas Schickel
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Salomé Glauzy
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Yen-Shing Ng
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Nicolas Chamberlain
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Christopher Massad
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Isabelle Isnardi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Nathan Katz
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Gulbu Uzel
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.,Clinical Genomics Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Capucine Picard
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,Pediatric Hematology-Immunology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, 75015 Paris, France.,St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY 10065
| | - Eric Meffre
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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40
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Ericsson AC, Personett AR, Turner G, Dorfmeyer RA, Franklin CL. Variable Colonization after Reciprocal Fecal Microbiota Transfer between Mice with Low and High Richness Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:196. [PMID: 28280484 PMCID: PMC5322181 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several associations have been made between characteristics of the resident gut microbiota and human health and disease susceptibility. Animal models provide the means to test these correlations prospectively and evaluate causality. Experimental fecal microbiota transfer (FMT), or the intentional transplantation of gut microbes into recipient mice depleted of their autochthonous microbes with antibiotics, is a commonly used method of testing these relationships. The true completeness of microbial transfer through such procedures is poorly documented in the literature, particularly in the context of reciprocal transfer of microbes between recipient and donor mice harboring microbial populations of differing richness and diversity. Moreover, it is unclear whether the use of frozen fecal contents or cecal contents would confer any difference in the outcomes of transfer. Herein, groups of mice colonized with distinct gut microbiota of differing richness and composition were used in a reciprocal FMT study, with different groups receiving transfer of material prepared from fresh cecal contents, fresh feces, or frozen feces. Targeted 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used at intervals throughout the study to characterize the microbiota. Notably, despite comparable depletion of the microbiota in recipient mice prior to transfer, donor-specific taxa reliably colonized recipients only when relatively rich donor material was transferred to mice originally colonized with a simpler microbiota. It is unclear whether these differences were due to differences in the endogenous recipient microbiota or host factors induced in early life by microbial factors. These findings are of practical import for researchers using FMT to prospectively assess the influence of the gut microbiota in mouse models, and to those studying host-microbial interactions and their influence on gut barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron C Ericsson
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA; University of Missouri Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA; Comparative Metagenomics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA
| | - Alexa R Personett
- Comparative Metagenomics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Giedre Turner
- University of Missouri Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA; Comparative Metagenomics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca A Dorfmeyer
- University of Missouri Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA; Comparative Metagenomics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA
| | - Craig L Franklin
- University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA; University of Missouri Mutant Mouse Resource and Research Center, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA; Comparative Metagenomics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of MissouriColumbia, MO, USA
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41
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Ray A, Dittel BN. Mechanisms of Regulatory B cell Function in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases beyond IL-10. J Clin Med 2017; 6:jcm6010012. [PMID: 28124981 PMCID: PMC5294965 DOI: 10.3390/jcm6010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades it has become clear that in addition to antigen presentation and antibody production B cells play prominent roles in immune regulation. While B cell-derived IL-10 has garnered much attention, B cells also effectively regulate inflammation by a variety of IL-10-independent mechanisms. B cell regulation has been studied in both autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. While collectively called regulatory B cells (Breg), no definitive phenotype has emerged for B cells with regulatory potential. This has made their study challenging and thus unique B cell regulatory mechanisms have emerged in a disease-dependent manner. Thus to harness the therapeutic potential of Breg, further studies are needed to understand how they emerge and are induced to evoke their regulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Ray
- Blood Center of Wisconsin, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
- Oncology Discovery, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Bonnie N Dittel
- Blood Center of Wisconsin, Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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Abstract
Disruptions to the microbiota can have pathological consequences, which highlights the need to understand the factors that contribute to its stability. Although decades of research have focused on the importance of IgA during pathogenic infection, much of the IgA that is generated in the gut targets the resident commensal microorganisms. Despite this observation, the role of antibodies in regulating microbiota composition remains controversial and poorly understood. Here we propose that antibodies generated in response to microbial colonization of the gut shape the composition of the microbiota to benefit the health of the host through a process that we term antibody-mediated immunoselection (AMIS). Given the exquisite specificity of antibodies and an emerging interest in the use of immunotherapies, we suggest that understanding AMIS of the microbiota will highlight novel uses of antibodies to manipulate microbial communities for therapeutic benefit.
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43
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Kim M, Qie Y, Park J, Kim CH. Gut Microbial Metabolites Fuel Host Antibody Responses. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 20:202-14. [PMID: 27476413 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 512] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibody production is a metabolically demanding process that is regulated by gut microbiota, but the microbial products supporting B cell responses remain incompletely identified. We report that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by gut microbiota as fermentation products of dietary fiber, support host antibody responses. In B cells, SCFAs increase acetyl-CoA and regulate metabolic sensors to increase oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and fatty acid synthesis, which produce energy and building blocks supporting antibody production. In parallel, SCFAs control gene expression to express molecules necessary for plasma B cell differentiation. Mice with low SCFA production due to reduced dietary fiber consumption or microbial insufficiency are defective in homeostatic and pathogen-specific antibody responses, resulting in greater pathogen susceptibility. However, SCFA or dietary fiber intake restores this immune deficiency. This B cell-helping function of SCFAs is detected from the intestines to systemic tissues and conserved among mouse and human B cells, highlighting its importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghoo Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yaqing Qie
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jeongho Park
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chang H Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology and Hematopoiesis, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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44
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Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Krasnova Y, Putoczki T, Miles K, MacDonald KP, Town L, Shi W, Gobe GC, McDade L, Mielke LA, Tye H, Masters SL, Belz GT, Huntington ND, Radford-Smith G, Smyth MJ. Granzyme M has a critical role in providing innate immune protection in ulcerative colitis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2302. [PMID: 27441655 PMCID: PMC4973354 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an immunoregulatory disorder, associated with a chronic and inappropriate mucosal immune response to commensal bacteria, underlying disease states such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) in humans. Granzyme M (GrzM) is a serine protease expressed by cytotoxic lymphocytes, in particular natural killer (NK) cells. Granzymes are thought to be involved in triggering cell death in eukaryotic target cells; however, some evidence supports their role in inflammation. The role of GrzM in the innate immune response to mucosal inflammation has never been examined. Here, we discover that patients with UC, unlike patients with CD, display high levels of GrzM mRNA expression in the inflamed colon. By taking advantage of well-established models of experimental UC, we revealed that GrzM-deficient mice have greater levels of inflammatory indicators during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD, including increased weight loss, greater colon length reduction and more severe intestinal histopathology. The absence of GrzM expression also had effects on gut permeability, tissue cytokine/chemokine dynamics, and neutrophil infiltration during disease. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that GrzM has a critical role during early stages of inflammation in UC, and that in its absence colonic inflammation is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Division of Molecular Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Y Krasnova
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - T Putoczki
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - K Miles
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - K P MacDonald
- Antigen Presentation and Immunoregulation Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - L Town
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - W Shi
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - G C Gobe
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, School of Medicine, University of Queensland at Translational Research Institute, St Lucia, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - L McDade
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - L A Mielke
- Division of Molecular Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - H Tye
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - S L Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - G T Belz
- Division of Molecular Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - N D Huntington
- Division of Molecular Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - G Radford-Smith
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - M J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4006, Australia
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Vlantis K, Polykratis A, Welz PS, van Loo G, Pasparakis M, Wullaert A. TLR-independent anti-inflammatory function of intestinal epithelial TRAF6 signalling prevents DSS-induced colitis in mice. Gut 2016; 65:935-43. [PMID: 25761602 PMCID: PMC4893119 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The gut microbiota modulates host susceptibility to intestinal inflammation, but the cell types and the signalling pathways orchestrating this bacterial regulation of intestinal homeostasis remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the function of intestinal epithelial toll-like receptor (TLR) responses in the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse model of colitis. DESIGN We applied an in vivo genetic approach allowing intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific deletion of the critical TLR signalling adaptors, MyD88 and/or TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), as well as the downstream ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 in order to reveal the IEC-intrinsic function of these TLR signalling molecules during DSS colitis. RESULTS Mice lacking TRAF6 in IECs showed exacerbated DSS-induced inflammatory responses that ensued in the development of chronic colon inflammation. Antibiotic pretreatment abolished the increased DSS susceptibility of these mice, showing that epithelial TRAF6 signalling pathways prevent the gut microbiota from driving excessive colitis. However, in contrast to epithelial TRAF6 deletion, blocking epithelial TLR signalling by simultaneous deletion of MyD88 and TRIF specifically in IECs did not affect DSS-induced colitis severity. This in vivo functional comparison between TRAF6 and MyD88/TRIF deletion in IECs shows that the colitis-protecting effects of epithelial TRAF6 signalling are not triggered by TLRs. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal epithelial TRAF6-dependent but MyD88/TRIF-independent and, thus, TLR-independent signalling pathways are critical for preventing propagation of DSS-induced colon inflammation by the gut microbiota. Moreover, our experiments using mice with dual MyD88/TRIF deletion in IECs unequivocally show that the gut microbiota trigger non-epithelial TLRs rather than epithelial TLRs to restrict DSS colitis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Vlantis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Apostolos Polykratis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Patrick-Simon Welz
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Geert van Loo
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manolis Pasparakis
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andy Wullaert
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Centre for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium,Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Silva-Barrios S, Smans M, Duerr C, Qureshi S, Fritz J, Descoteaux A, Stäger S. Innate Immune B Cell Activation by Leishmania donovani Exacerbates Disease and Mediates Hypergammaglobulinemia. Cell Rep 2016; 15:2427-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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47
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Swiatczak B, Cohen IR. Gut feelings of safety: tolerance to the microbiota mediated by innate immune receptors. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 59:573-85. [PMID: 26306708 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To enable microbial colonization of the gut mucosa, the intestinal immune system must not only react to danger signals but also recognize cues that indicate safety. Recognition of safety, paradoxically, is mediated by the same environmental sensors that are involved in signaling danger. Indeed, in addition to their well-established role in inducing inflammation in response to stress signals, pattern recognition receptors and a variety of metabolic sensors also promote gut-microbiota symbiosis by responding to "microbial symbiosis factors", "resolution-associated molecular patterns", markers of energy extraction and other signals indicating the absence of pathogenic infection and tissue damage. Here we focus on how the paradoxical roles of immune receptors and other environmental sensors define the microbiota signature of an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Swiatczak
- Department of History of Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Irun R Cohen
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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48
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Richards JL, Yap YA, McLeod KH, Mackay CR, Mariño E. Dietary metabolites and the gut microbiota: an alternative approach to control inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Clin Transl Immunology 2016; 5:e82. [PMID: 27350881 PMCID: PMC4910123 DOI: 10.1038/cti.2016.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now convincingly clear that diet is one of the most influential lifestyle factors contributing to the rise of inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity in both developed and developing countries. In addition, the modern 'Western diet' has changed in recent years with increased caloric intake, and changes in the relative amounts of dietary components, including lower fibre and higher levels of fat and poor quality of carbohydrates. Diet shapes large-bowel microbial ecology, and this may be highly relevant to human diseases, as changes in the gut microbiota composition are associated with many inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated a remarkable role for diet, the gut microbiota and their metabolites-the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer and wound-healing. This review summarizes how diet, microbiota and gut microbial metabolites (particularly SCFAs) can modulate the progression of inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity, and reveal the molecular mechanisms (metabolite-sensing G protein-coupled receptor (GPCRs) and inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs)). Therefore, considerable benefit could be achieved simply through the use of diet, probiotics and metabolites for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Richards
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yu Anne Yap
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Keiran H McLeod
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eliana Mariño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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49
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MyD88 in donor bone marrow cells is critical for protection from acute intestinal graft-vs.-host disease. Mucosal Immunol 2016; 9:730-43. [PMID: 26442657 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2015.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To understand the role of myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) expressed by donor bone marrow (BM) in the pathophysiology of graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD), we investigated the effects of transplantation of MyD88-deficient T cell-depleted BM (MyD88KO TCD-BM) on the severity of GVHD. Transplantation with MyD88KO TCD-BM aggravated GVHD; serious gut damage was evident, with high infiltration of T cells into the intestines of recipients and markedly reduced expansion of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs from MyD88KO mice were defective in inducing donor T-cell apoptosis and inhibiting T-cell proliferation. Supplementation of transplanted mice with MDSCs from wild-type mice, but not MyD88KO mice, attenuated GVHD severity with reduced intestinal T-cell infiltration in MyD88KO TCD-BM recipients. Pretreatment of BM donors with lipopolysaccharide to increase MDSC levels and MyD88 transcription in the TCD-BM transplant alleviated GVHD severity and intestinal T-cell infiltration. The T cell/MDSC ratios were correlated with intestinal GVHD severity in both animal models and human patients. This study indicates that MyD88-dependent MDSC expansion from donor BM is critical for protection against fatal intestinal GVHD.
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50
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Ramanan D, Cadwell K. Intrinsic Defense Mechanisms of the Intestinal Epithelium. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 19:434-41. [PMID: 27049583 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is a single cell layer that facilitates the absorption of nutrients but also provides a tight barrier to prevent pathogen invasion and dissemination of commensal microbes. Specialized epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract achieve this frontline defense by working in concert with lymphoid, myeloid, and stromal cells to secrete an array of factors that limit direct contact between the epithelium and infectious agents. The importance of these mechanisms is underscored by the ability of enteric pathogens to target these mechanisms to achieve invasion and dissemination. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of these intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms adopted by these cells to promote spatial segregation and barrier maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepshika Ramanan
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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