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Smith MR, Satter LRF, Vargas-Hernández A. STAT5b: A master regulator of key biological pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1025373. [PMID: 36755813 PMCID: PMC9899847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-5 proteins are required in immune regulation and homeostasis and play a crucial role in the development and function of several hematopoietic cells. STAT5b activation is involved in the expression of genes that participate in cell development, proliferation, and survival. STAT5a and STAT5b are paralogs and only human mutations in STAT5B have been identified leading to immune dysregulation and hematopoietic malignant transformation. The inactivating STAT5B mutations cause impaired post-natal growth, recurrent infections and immune dysregulation, whereas gain of function somatic mutations cause dysregulated allergic inflammation. These mutations are rare, and they are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations which provide a disease model elucidating the biological mechanism of STAT5 by studying the consequences of perturbations in STAT5 activity. Further, the use of Jak inhibitors as therapy for a variety of autoimmune and malignant disorders has increased substantially heading relevant lessons for the consequences of Jak/STAT immunomodulation from the human model. This review summarizes the biology of the STAT5 proteins, human disease associate with molecular defects in STAT5b, and the connection between aberrant activation of STAT5b and the development of certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison R. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa R. Forbes Satter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexander Vargas-Hernández
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Alexander Vargas-Hernández,
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2
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Solano A, Lou J, Scipioni L, Gratton E, Hinde E. Radial pair correlation of molecular brightness fluctuations maps protein diffusion as a function of oligomeric state within live-cell nuclear architecture. Biophys J 2022; 121:2152-2167. [PMID: 35490296 PMCID: PMC9247470 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear proteins can modulate their DNA binding activity and the exploration volume available during DNA target search by self-associating into higher-order oligomers. Directly tracking this process in the nucleoplasm of a living cell is, however, a complex task. Thus, here we present a microscopy method based on radial pair correlation of molecular brightness fluctuations (radial pCOMB) that can extract the mobility of a fluorescently tagged nuclear protein as a function of its oligomeric state and spatiotemporally map the anisotropy of this parameter with respect to nuclear architecture. By simply performing a rapid frame scan acquisition, radial pCOMB has the capacity to detect, within each pixel, protein oligomer formation and the size-dependent obstruction nuclear architecture imparts on this complex's transport across sub-micrometer distances. From application of radial pCOMB to an oligomeric transcription factor and DNA repair protein, we demonstrate that homo-oligomer formation differentially regulates chromatin accessibility and interaction with the DNA template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Solano
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne
| | - Jieqiong Lou
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne
| | - Lorenzo Scipioni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine.
| | - Elizabeth Hinde
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne.
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3
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Stabile H, Scarno G, Fionda C, Gismondi A, Santoni A, Gadina M, Sciumè G. JAK/STAT signaling in regulation of innate lymphoid cells: The gods before the guardians. Immunol Rev 2019; 286:148-159. [PMID: 30294965 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Immunity to pathogens is ensured through integration of early responses mediated by innate cells and late effector functions taking place after terminal differentiation of adaptive lymphocytes. In this context, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and adaptive T cells represent a clear example of how prototypical effector functions, including polarized expression of cytokines and/or cytotoxic activity, can occur with overlapping modalities but different timing. The ability of ILCs to provide early protection relies on their poised epigenetic state, which determines their propensity to quickly respond to cytokines and to activate specific patterns of signal-dependent transcription factors. Cytokines activating the Janus kinases (JAKs) and members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway are key regulators of lymphoid development and sustain the processes underlying T-cell activation and differentiation. The role of the JAK/STAT pathway has been recently extended to several aspects of ILC biology. Here, we discuss how JAK/STAT signals affect ILC development and effector functions in the context of immune responses, highlighting the molecular mechanisms involved in regulation of gene expression as well as the potential of targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Stabile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scarno
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Fionda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Gismondi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Massimo Gadina
- Translational Immunology Section, Office of Science Technology (OST), National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Giuseppe Sciumè
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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4
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Gupta R, Li W, Yan XJ, Barrientos J, Kolitz JE, Allen SL, Rai K, Chiorazzi N, Mongini PKA. Mechanism for IL-15-Driven B Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cycling: Roles for AKT and STAT5 in Modulating Cyclin D2 and DNA Damage Response Proteins. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2924-2944. [PMID: 30988120 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Clonal expansion of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) occurs within lymphoid tissue pseudofollicles. IL-15, a stromal cell-associated cytokine found within spleens and lymph nodes of B-CLL patients, significantly boosts in vitro cycling of blood-derived B-CLL cells following CpG DNA priming. Both IL-15 and CpG DNA are elevated in microbe-draining lymphatic tissues, and unraveling the basis for IL-15-driven B-CLL growth could illuminate new therapeutic targets. Using CpG DNA-primed human B-CLL clones and approaches involving both immunofluorescent staining and pharmacologic inhibitors, we show that both PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT5 pathways are activated and functionally important for IL-15→CD122/ɣc signaling in ODN-primed cells expressing activated pSTAT3. Furthermore, STAT5 activity must be sustained for continued cycling of CFSE-labeled B-CLL cells. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments with inhibitors of PI3K and STAT5 show that both contribute to IL-15-driven upregulation of mRNA for cyclin D2 and suppression of mRNA for DNA damage response mediators ATM, 53BP1, and MDC1. Furthermore, protein levels of these DNA damage response molecules are reduced by IL-15, as indicated by Western blotting and immunofluorescent staining. Bioinformatics analysis of ENCODE chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data from cell lines provides insight into possible mechanisms for STAT5-mediated repression. Finally, pharmacologic inhibitors of JAKs and STAT5 significantly curtailed B-CLL cycling when added either early or late in a growth response. We discuss how the IL-15-induced changes in gene expression lead to rapid cycling and possibly enhanced mutagenesis. STAT5 inhibitors might be an effective modality for blocking B-CLL growth in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Gupta
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Wentian Li
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | - Xiao J Yan
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030
| | | | - Jonathan E Kolitz
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030.,Department of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030.,Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549; and
| | - Steven L Allen
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030.,Department of Medicine, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030.,Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549; and
| | - Kanti Rai
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030.,Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549; and.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549
| | - Nicholas Chiorazzi
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030.,Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549; and.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549
| | - Patricia K A Mongini
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030; .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549
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Vargas-Hernández A, Forbes LR. JAK/STAT proteins and their biological impact on NK cell development and function. Mol Immunol 2019; 115:21-30. [PMID: 30704805 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
NK cells are important early effectors in the innate immune response to a variety of viral infections and for elimination of tumor cells. The JAK/STAT signaling cascade is critical for NK cell development, maturation, survival, and proliferation, therefore, it is important to understand the role of this pathway in NK cell biology. Many cytokines can activate multiple JAK/STAT protein family members, creating a severe phenotype when mutations impair their function or expression. Here we discuss the impact of defective JAK/STAT signaling pathways on NK cell development, activation and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Vargas-Hernández
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lisa R Forbes
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Texas Children's Hospital, Center for Human Immunobiology, Department of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Houston, TX, USA.
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6
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Ren Y, Zhao Y, Lin D, Xu X, Zhu Q, Yao J, Shu HB, Zhong B. The Type I Interferon-IRF7 Axis Mediates Transcriptional Expression of Usp25 Gene. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13206-15. [PMID: 27129230 PMCID: PMC4933234 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.718080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infection or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment induces expression of a large array of genes, the products of which play a critical role in host antipathogen immunity and inflammation. We have previously reported that the expression of ubiquitin-specific protease 25 (USP25) is significantly up-regulated after viral infection or LPS treatment, and this is essential for innate immune signaling. However, the mechanism behind this phenomenon is unclear. In this study, we found that viral infection-induced up-regulation of Usp25 is diminished in cells lacking interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) or interferon α receptor 1 (IFNAR1) but not p65. Sendai virus- or type I interferon-induced up-regulation of Usp25 requires de novo protein synthesis of IRF7. Furthermore, IRF7 directly binds to the two conserved IRF binding sites on the USP25 promoter to drive transcription of Usp25, and mutation of these two sites abolished Sendai virus-induced IRF7-mediated activation of the USP25 promoter. Our study has uncovered a previously unknown mechanism by which viral infection or LPS induces up-regulation of USP25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Ren
- From the State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China, and
| | - Ximing Xu
- Cancer Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China, and
| | - Qiyun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Jing Yao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong-Bing Shu
- Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- From the State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China,
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7
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Quantifying the dynamics of the oligomeric transcription factor STAT3 by pair correlation of molecular brightness. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11047. [PMID: 27009358 PMCID: PMC4820838 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligomerization of transcription factors controls their translocation into the nucleus and DNA-binding activity. Here we present a fluorescence microscopy analysis termed pCOMB (pair correlation of molecular brightness) that tracks the mobility of different oligomeric species within live cell nuclear architecture. pCOMB amplifies the signal from the brightest species present and filters the dynamics of the extracted oligomeric population based on arrival time between two locations. We use this method to demonstrate a dependence of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mobility on oligomeric state. We find that on entering the nucleus STAT3 dimers must first bind DNA to form STAT3 tetramers, which are also DNA-bound but exhibit a different mobility signature. Examining the dimer-to-tetramer transition by a cross-pair correlation analysis (cpCOMB) reveals that chromatin accessibility modulates STAT3 tetramer formation. Thus, the pCOMB approach is suitable for mapping the impact oligomerization on transcription factor dynamics.
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8
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The two interfaces of the STAT1 N-terminus exhibit opposite functions in IFNγ-regulated gene expression. Mol Immunol 2015; 67:596-606. [PMID: 26275341 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Defective cooperative DNA binding of STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) transcription factor has impact on interferon-γ(IFNγ)-regulated transcriptional responses. In this study, we generated N-terminal gain-of-function mutants of this protein which exhibited hyperactive cooperativity and assessed their functional consequences on gene expression. Our data show that four negatively charged, surface-exposed amino acid residues in the N-terminal domain dimer are engaged in the disassembly of tyrosine-phosphorylated tetrameric complexes on DNA and prevent the occurrence of higher-order STAT1 oligomers on low-affinity DNA binding sites. Owing to their improved tetramer stability, the N-terminal mutants showed relaxed sequence requirements for the binding to DNA as compared to the wild-type protein. Similarly to a STAT1 mutant with impaired tetramerization, the N-terminal gain-of-function mutants showed elevated tyrosine-phosphorylation levels and prolonged nuclear accumulation upon stimulation of cells with IFNγ. However, in contrast to the global impairment of IFNγ signalling in tetramerization-deficient mutants, the transcriptional consequences of the N-terminal gain-of-function mutants are rather distinct and affect gene expression locally in a promoter-specific manner. Thus, we conclude that the STAT1 N-domain acts as a double-edged sword: while one interface is crucial for the formation of tetrameric complexes on IFNγ-regulated promoters, the opposite interface harbours an inhibitory mechanism that limits the accumulation of higher-order oligomers simply by disrupting cooperative DNA binding.
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STAT3 supports experimental K-RasG12D-induced murine myeloproliferative neoplasms dependent on serine phosphorylation. Blood 2014; 124:2252-61. [PMID: 25150294 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-02-484196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and other myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are genetically heterogeneous but frequently display activating mutations in Ras GTPases and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Altered STAT3 activity is observed in up to 50% of AML correlating with poor prognosis. Activated STAT proteins, classically associated with tyrosine phosphorylation, support tumor development as transcription factors, but alternative STAT functions independent of tyrosine phosphorylation have been documented, including roles for serine-phosphorylated STAT3 in mitochondria supporting transformation by oncogenic Ras. We examined requirements for STAT3 in experimental murine K-Ras-dependent hematopoietic neoplasia. We show that STAT3 is phosphorylated on S727 but not Y705 in diseased animals. Moreover, a mouse with a point mutation abrogating STAT3 S727 phosphorylation displayed delayed onset and decreased disease severity with significantly extended survival. Activated K-Ras required STAT3 for cytokine-independent growth of myeloid progenitors in vitro, and mitochondrially restricted STAT3 and STAT3-Y705F, both transcriptionally inert mutants, supported factor-independent growth. STAT3 was dispensable for growth of normal or K-Ras-mutant myeloid progenitors in response to cytokines. However, abrogation of STAT3-S727 phosphorylation impaired factor-independent malignant growth. These data document that serine-phosphorylated mitochondrial STAT3 supports neoplastic hematopoietic cell growth induced by K-Ras.
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Carow B, Rottenberg ME. SOCS3, a Major Regulator of Infection and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2014; 5:58. [PMID: 24600449 PMCID: PMC3928676 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we describe the role of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) in modulating the outcome of infections and autoimmune diseases as well as the underlying mechanisms. SOCS3 regulates cytokine or hormone signaling usually preventing, but in some cases aggravating, a variety of diseases. A main role of SOCS3 results from its binding to both the JAK kinase and the cytokine receptor, which results in the inhibition of STAT3 activation. Available data also indicate that SOCS3 can regulate signaling via other STATs than STAT3 and also controls cellular pathways unrelated to STAT activation. SOCS3 might either act directly by hampering JAK activation or by mediating the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome degradation of the cytokine/growth factor/hormone receptor. Inflammation and infection stimulate SOCS3 expression in different myeloid and lymphoid cell populations as well as in diverse non-hematopoietic cells. The accumulated data suggest a relevant program coordinated by SOCS3 in different cell populations, devoted to the control of immune homeostasis in physiological and pathological conditions such as infection and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Carow
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Martin E Rottenberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
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