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Ren Y, Chu X, Senarathna J, Bhargava A, Grayson WL, Pathak AP. Multimodality imaging reveals angiogenic evolution in vivo during calvarial bone defect healing. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:105-119. [PMID: 38032405 PMCID: PMC10964991 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The healing of calvarial bone defects is a pressing clinical problem that involves the dynamic interplay between angiogenesis and osteogenesis within the osteogenic niche. Although structural and functional vascular remodeling (i.e., angiogenic evolution) in the osteogenic niche is a crucial modulator of oxygenation, inflammatory and bone precursor cells, most clinical and pre-clinical investigations have been limited to characterizing structural changes in the vasculature and bone. Therefore, we developed a new multimodality imaging approach that for the first time enabled the longitudinal (i.e., over four weeks) and dynamic characterization of multiple in vivo functional parameters in the remodeled vasculature and its effects on de novo osteogenesis, in a preclinical calvarial defect model. We employed multi-wavelength intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging to assess microvascular remodeling, intravascular oxygenation (SO2), and osteogenesis; laser speckle contrast (LSC) imaging to assess concomitant changes in blood flow and vascular maturity; and micro-computed tomography (μCT) to validate volumetric changes in calvarial bone. We found that angiogenic evolution was tightly coupled with calvarial bone regeneration and corresponded to distinct phases of bone healing, such as injury, hematoma formation, revascularization, and remodeling. The first three phases occurred during the initial two weeks of bone healing and were characterized by significant in vivo changes in vascular morphology, blood flow, oxygenation, and maturity. Overall, angiogenic evolution preceded osteogenesis, which only plateaued toward the end of bone healing (i.e., four weeks). Collectively, these data indicate the crucial role of angiogenic evolution in osteogenesis. We believe that such multimodality imaging approaches have the potential to inform the design of more efficacious tissue-engineering calvarial defect treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunke Ren
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xinying Chu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janaka Senarathna
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, 217 Traylor Bldg, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Kavli Neuroscience Discovery Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Akanksha Bhargava
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, 217 Traylor Bldg, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Warren L Grayson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arvind P Pathak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Ave, 217 Traylor Bldg, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Electrical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Lasiecka ZM, Pitot M, Chern BL, Chern JJ, Kadom N. Skull Fracture Healing in Children Up To 36 Months - A Cohort Analysis. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2022; 52:253-256. [PMID: 36473801 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During medicolegal proceedings in cases of suspected child abuse it is sometimes argued that skull fractures could be sequelae from complications at birth or resulted from a prior witnessed accidental trauma that may have preceded the suspected abusive event. There is paucity of scientific evidence indicating timing for skull fracture healing in children up to 36 months old. Objective of this study was to assess the average time to imaging documentation of skull fracture healing in children up to 36 months old. We performed retrospective chart review and image analysis in children with documented skull fractures after trauma between May 2009 and December 2014, excluding any patients who underwent cranial procedures related to the head injury, patients with pre-existing CSF shunts, patients who were referred for child abuse evaluation, and patients who were admitted to the General Surgery service for multi-organ trauma.We analyzed 185 skull fractures: 82 fractures were not healed, 49 fractures were partially healed, and 54 fractures were healed on follow-up imaging. The mean time to imaging evidence of healing among patients with healed fractures was 108 days (3.6 months), the median was 112 days (3.7 months), the minimum was 22 days, and the maximum was 225 days (7.5 months). Chi-square analysis showed a significant relationship between the skull fracture healed status and presence of bleed (P = 0.001) and with fracture characteristics of displaced, depressed, or dehiscent (P= 0.009). There was no significant association with the age group (P= 0.32) nor with involvement of multiple cranial plates (P= 0.73). This information may be useful during medicolegal proceedings in patients with suspected abusive head trauma mechanism.
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Li W, Liu YH, Estrada H, Rebling J, Reiss M, Galli S, Nombela-Arrieta C, Razansky D. Tracking Strain-Specific Morphogenesis and Angiogenesis of Murine Calvaria with Large-Scale Optoacoustic and Ultrasound Microscopy. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1032-1043. [PMID: 35220594 PMCID: PMC9311448 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Skull bone development is a dynamic and well-coordinated process playing a key role in maturation and maintenance of the bone marrow (BM), fracture healing, and progression of diseases such as osteoarthritis or osteoporosis. At present, dynamic transformation of the growing bone (osteogenesis) as well as its vascularization (angiogenesis) remain largely unexplored due to the lack of suitable in vivo imaging techniques capable of noninvasive visualization of the whole developing calvaria at capillary-level resolution. We present a longitudinal study on skull bone development using ultrasound-aided large-scale optoacoustic microscopy (U-LSOM). Skull bone morphogenesis and microvascular growth patterns were monitored in three common mouse strains (C57BL/6J, CD-1, and Athymic Nude-Foxn1nu) at the whole-calvaria scale over a 3-month period. Strain-specific differences in skull development were revealed by quantitative analysis of bone and vessel parameters, indicating the coupling between angiogenesis and osteogenesis during skull bone growth in a minimally invasive and label-free manner. The method further enabled identifying BM-specific sinusoidal vessels, and superficial skull vessels penetrating into BM compartments. Our approach furnishes a new high-throughput longitudinal in vivo imaging platform to study morphological and vascular skull alterations in health and disease, shedding light on the critical links between blood vessel formation, skull growth, and regeneration. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Li
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Hang Liu
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Héctor Estrada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Rebling
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Reiss
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Serena Galli
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - César Nombela-Arrieta
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Li Y, Fraser D, Mereness J, Van Hove A, Basu S, Newman M, Benoit DSW. Tissue Engineered Neurovascularization Strategies for Craniofacial Tissue Regeneration. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:20-39. [PMID: 35014834 PMCID: PMC9016342 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Craniofacial tissue injuries, diseases, and defects, including those within bone, dental, and periodontal tissues and salivary glands, impact an estimated 1 billion patients globally. Craniofacial tissue dysfunction significantly reduces quality of life, and successful repair of damaged tissues remains a significant challenge. Blood vessels and nerves are colocalized within craniofacial tissues and act synergistically during tissue regeneration. Therefore, the success of craniofacial regenerative approaches is predicated on successful recruitment, regeneration, or integration of both vascularization and innervation. Tissue engineering strategies have been widely used to encourage vascularization and, more recently, to improve innervation through host tissue recruitment or prevascularization/innervation of engineered tissues. However, current scaffold designs and cell or growth factor delivery approaches often fail to synergistically coordinate both vascularization and innervation to orchestrate successful tissue regeneration. Additionally, tissue engineering approaches are typically investigated separately for vascularization and innervation. Since both tissues act in concert to improve craniofacial tissue regeneration outcomes, a revised approach for development of engineered materials is required. This review aims to provide an overview of neurovascularization in craniofacial tissues and strategies to target either process thus far. Finally, key design principles are described for engineering approaches that will support both vascularization and innervation for successful craniofacial tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - David Fraser
- Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14620, United States.,Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Jared Mereness
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Amy Van Hove
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Sayantani Basu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Maureen Newman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14620, United States.,Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States.,Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States.,Department of Biomedical Genetics and Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
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5
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Injectable hydrogel delivering bone morphogenetic protein-2, vascular endothelial growth factor, and adipose-derived stem cells for vascularized bone tissue engineering. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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6
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Shi L, Feng L, Zhu ML, Yang ZM, Wu TY, Xu J, Liu Y, Lin WP, Lo JHT, Zhang JF, Li G. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Stimulates Bone Marrow-Mesenchymal Stem Cells Osteogenesis Differentiation by Activating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway and Promotes Rat Skull Defect Repair. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:655-666. [PMID: 32070222 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone defect regeneration is a complex process that involves the coordination of a variety of different type of cells. As bone tissues are innervated and rich in nerve fibers, the neuropeptides released from various never fibers could regulate bone development, metabolism, and remodeling. Among all the neuropeptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) could modulate the functions of both osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and may play a vital role in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) osteogenesis during bone repair. In this study, we investigated the role of VIP in bone formation and the mechanisms of VIP in mediating BMSC osteogenic differentiation, and its possibility in clinical application of bone defect reconstruction. Our in vitro study results indicated that VIP promoted BMSC osteogenic differentiation by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in BMSCs. VIP could also stimulate tube formation of EA.hy926 endothelial cell and increase vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in BMSCs. Furthermore, in the rat skull defect model, VIP-conjugated functionalized hydrogel significantly enhanced cranial bone defect repair compared with the control group, with increased bone formation and angiogenesis. Taken together, as a member of neuropeptides, VIP could promote the BMSCs osteogenesis and angiogenesis differentiation in vitro and stimulate bone repair in vivo by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The knowledge obtained from this study emphasized the close association between innervation and bone repair process, and VIP may be a potential therapeutic agent for augmenting bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China.,Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Meng Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Yi Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ping Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China
| | - Jessica Hiu Tung Lo
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China.,Lingnan Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, P.R. China.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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7
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Khosravi N, Mendes VC, Nirmal G, Majeed S, DaCosta RS, Davies JE. Intravital Imaging for Tracking of Angiogenesis and Cellular Events Around Surgical Bone Implants. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:617-627. [PMID: 30280999 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT These new experimental methods allow us to image, and quantify, angiogenesis and perivascular cell dynamics in the endosseous healing compartment. As such, the method is capable of providing a new perspective on, and unique information regarding, healing that occurs around orthopedic and dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Khosravi
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,2 Princess Margaret Cancer Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,3 Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa C Mendes
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ghata Nirmal
- 4 Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Safa Majeed
- 5 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ralph S DaCosta
- 2 Princess Margaret Cancer Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,5 Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,6 Techna Institute, University Health Network , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John E Davies
- 1 Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,3 Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Khosravi N, Maeda A, DaCosta RS, Davies JE. Nanosurfaces modulate the mechanism of peri-implant endosseous healing by regulating neovascular morphogenesis. Commun Biol 2018; 1:72. [PMID: 30271953 PMCID: PMC6123776 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosurfaces have improved clinical osseointegration by increasing bone/implant contact. Neovascularization is considered an essential prerequisite to osteogenesis, but no previous reports to our knowledge have examined the effect of surface topography on the spatio-temporal pattern of neovascularization during peri-implant healing. We have developed a cranial window model to study peri-implant healing intravitally over clinically relevant time scales as a function of implant topography. Quantitative intravital confocal imaging reveals that changing the topography (but not chemical composition) of an implant profoundly affects the pattern of peri-implant neovascularization. New vessels develop proximal to the implant and the vascular network matures sooner in the presence of an implant nanosurface. Accelerated angiogenesis can lead to earlier osseointegration through the delivery of osteogenic precursors to, and direct formation of bone on, the implant surface. This study highlights a critical aspect of peri-implant healing, but also informs the biological rationale for the surface design of putative endosseous implant materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Khosravi
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Azusa Maeda
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ralph S DaCosta
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L5, Canada.
| | - John E Davies
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada.
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada.
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9
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Liu WC, Chen S, Zheng L, Qin L. Angiogenesis Assays for the Evaluation of Angiogenic Properties of Orthopaedic Biomaterials - A General Review. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28135051 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascularization is an essential process in bone formation, remodeling and regeneration during both bone development and fracture repair. Vascularization remains a big challenge directly leading to the final success of newly regenerated bone. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of different angiogenesis assays and bone defect models are described in details for investigating revascularization of materials of interest. Unlike conventional angiogenesis study with growth factors or pharmaceutical molecules performed in two-dimension, special considerations are taken into account whether these assays can be translated for testing three-dimensional implantable devices. Over the years, accurate and quantifiable in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays have been extensively demonstrated to be useful in examining how new blood vessels grow. These methods can contribute to the fundamental understanding of angiogenic properties of the materials, but a bone defect model is still pivotal in order to understand the cascade actions of angiogenesis along with bone formation. Finally, angiogenesis and osteogenesis are both complex processes interacting with each other, the choice of which assay to be performed should adequately address the clinical relevance and reflect the sequence of responses of revascularization of the test materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Ching Liu
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; 5/F, Clinical Science Building, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin Hong Kong SAR PR China
| | - Shihui Chen
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; 5/F, Clinical Science Building, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin Hong Kong SAR PR China
- Pathology Center; Shanghai General Hospital/Faculty of Basic Medicine; Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; Shanghai PR China
| | - Lizhen Zheng
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; 5/F, Clinical Science Building, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin Hong Kong SAR PR China
| | - Ling Qin
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory; Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology; The Chinese University of Hong Kong; 5/F, Clinical Science Building, Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin Hong Kong SAR PR China
- Translational Medicine R&D Center; Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering; Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shenzhen PR China
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10
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Weigert R, Porat-Shliom N, Amornphimoltham P. Imaging cell biology in live animals: ready for prime time. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 201:969-79. [PMID: 23798727 PMCID: PMC3691462 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201212130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy is one of the main tools used to image subcellular structures in living cells. Yet for decades it has been applied primarily to in vitro model systems. Thanks to the most recent advancements in intravital microscopy, this approach has finally been extended to live rodents. This represents a major breakthrough that will provide unprecedented new opportunities to study mammalian cell biology in vivo and has already provided new insight in the fields of neurobiology, immunology, and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Weigert
- Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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11
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Research progress in the mechanism of effect of PRP in bone deficiency healing. ScientificWorldJournal 2013; 2013:134582. [PMID: 23710132 PMCID: PMC3654280 DOI: 10.1155/2013/134582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy is a recently developed technique that uses a concentrated portion of autologous blood to try to improve and accelerate the healing of various tissues. There is a considerable interest in using these PRP products for the treatment used in bone deficiency healing. Because PRP products are safe and easy to prepare and administer, there has been increased attention toward using PRP in numerous clinical settings. The benefits of PRP therapy appear to be promising, and many investigators are exploring the ways in which this therapy can be used in the clinical setting. At present, the molecular mechanisms of bone defect repair studies have focused on three aspects of the inflammatory cytokines, growth factors and angiogenic factors. The role of PRP works mainly through these three aspects of bone repair. The purpose of this paper is to review the current evidence on the mechanism of the effect of PRP in bone deficiency healing.
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12
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Fellows A, Griffin ME, Petrella BL, Zhong L, Parvin-Nejad FP, Fava R, Morganelli P, Robey RB, Nichols RC. AUF1/hnRNP D represses expression of VEGF in macrophages. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:1414-22. [PMID: 22379108 PMCID: PMC3327320 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-06-0545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression is regulated by sequence elements in the 3′ UTR of VEGF mRNA. AUF1/hnRNP D suppresses VEGF 3′ UTR–dependent expression. Peptides with arginine–glycine–glycine motifs derived from AUF1 also suppress VEGF expression. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a regulator of vascularization in development and is a key growth factor in tissue repair. In disease, VEGF contributes to vascularization of solid tumors and arthritic joints. This study examines the role of the mRNA-binding protein AUF1/heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D (AUF1) in VEGF gene expression. We show that overexpression of AUF1 in mouse macrophage-like RAW-264.7 cells suppresses endogenous VEGF protein levels. To study 3′ untranslated region (UTR)–mediated regulation, we introduced the 3′ UTR of VEGF mRNA into a luciferase reporter gene. Coexpression of AUF1 represses VEGF-3′ UTR reporter expression in RAW-264.7 cells and in mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages. The C-terminus of AUF1 contains arginine–glycine–glycine (RGG) repeat motifs that are dimethylated. Deletion of the RGG domain of AUF1 eliminated the repressive effects of AUF1. Surprisingly, expression of an AUF1-RGG peptide reduced endogenous VEGF protein levels and repressed VEGF-3′ UTR reporter activity in RAW-264.7 cells. These findings demonstrate that AUF1 regulates VEGF expression, and this study identifies an RGG peptide that suppresses VEGF gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Fellows
- Veterans Administration Research Service, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA
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Kanthan SR, Kavitha G, Addi S, Choon DSK, Kamarul T. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) enhances bone healing in non-united critical-sized defects: a preliminary study involving rabbit models. Injury 2011; 42:782-9. [PMID: 21329922 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of bone grafts in treating non- or delayed unions as the result of large bone loss is well established. However, despite good outcomes, the time to achieve complete union is still considerably long. To overcome this problem, the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been advocated albeit with varying success. To determine the true effectiveness of PRP in treating non-/delayed unions, a study was conducted using (n=12) rabbit models. METHODS AND MATERIALS Critical-sized defects measuring 2cm created in the midshaft of the right rabbit tibias were stabilised using 2.7-mm small fragment plates. A spacer placed in the defects to create a delay in bone union was replaced at 3 weeks with artificial bone grafts (Coragraft®), with or without PRP. The operated limbs were radiographed following the defect creation and at 3, 7 and 11 weeks (at sacrifice). Bone healing and histological changes were later assessed and scored using the appropriate grading systems. Four groups were compared for quality of healing: (group-A) control group, that is, no PRP or Coragraft; (group-B) PRP; (group-C) Coragraft; and (group-D) PRP and Coragraft. RESULTS Group-D demonstrated the best bone healing based on radiological, histological and gross findings (Kruskall-Wallis: p<0.05). Group-C had significantly higher scores than group-B, whilst group-A had significantly lower scores than all other groups (Mann-Whitney U: p<0.05). CONCLUSION The use of PRP with bone graft significantly improves the quality of bone healing. However, the use of PRP without bone substitute does not provide adequate repair tissue and, therefore, provides little benefit when used independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Kanthan
- Tissue Engineering Group, NOCERAL, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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