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Álvarez-Bueno C, Cavero-Redondo I, Bruno RM, Saz-Lara A, Sequí-Dominguez I, Notario-Pacheco B, Martinez-Vizcaino V. Intima Media Thickness and Cognitive Function Among Adults: Meta-Analysis of Observational and Longitudinal Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e021760. [PMID: 35179392 PMCID: PMC9075078 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Carotid structural changes measured by intima media thickness (IMT) have been related to cognitive complaints during aging. Therefore, the aims of this meta‐analysis were (1) to elucidate the relationship between vascular status, measured as IMT, and cognitive domains distinguishing between global cognition, executive functions, memory and attention; and (2) to explore whether demographic (ie, age and sex), clinical (ie, body mass index and IMT baseline values), and procedure characteristics influence this association. Methods and Results We performed a systematic review of MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases from their inception to June 2021. Studies meeting the following inclusion criteria were included: (1) the participants were adults; (2) the exposure was carotid IMT; (3) the outcome was cognitive function, including global cognition, executive function, memory, and attention measured using standardized tests; and (4) the study design was cross‐sectional or longitudinal including unadjusted and adjusted analyses. A total of 19 cross‐sectional and 15 longitudinal studies were included and demographic (age and sex), clinical (body mass index and baseline IMT values), and procedure characteristics were analyzed as potential mediator or moderators of the association. Conclusions Our data support negative associations between IMT and cognitive function in cross‐sectional studies. The association between IMT and cognition lost significance in longitudinal studies and when controlling for covariates in cross‐sectional studies. Finally, the strength of these associations seems not to be modified by age, sex, body mass index, and baseline IMT values. This systematic review and meta‐analysis adds to the evidence supporting the use of IMT as a measure for identifying patients at risk of cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Research Center Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Cuenca Spain.,Universidad Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay Asunción Paraguay
| | - Iván Cavero-Redondo
- Health and Social Research Center Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Cuenca Spain.,Rehabilitation in Health Research Center (CIRES)Universidad de las Americas Santiago Chile
| | - Rosa Maria Bruno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Italy.,INSERM U970 and Université de Paris Paris France
| | - Alicia Saz-Lara
- Health and Social Research Center Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Cuenca Spain
| | | | | | - Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino
- Health and Social Research Center Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Cuenca Spain.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autónoma de Chile Talca Chile
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2
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Liu B, Li J, Lin X, Hu J, Lou S. The metabolic changes in the hippocampus of an atherosclerotic rat model and the regulation of aerobic training. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:1017-1034. [PMID: 32240489 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00566-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis has been associated with the progression of cognitive impairment and the effect of metabolic changes in the brain on cognitive function may be pronounced. The aim is to reveal the metabolic changes during atherosclerosis and clarify the possible role of exercise in regulating hippocampal metabolism. Hence, A rat model of atherosclerosis was established by high-fat diet feeding in combination with vitamin D3 intraperitoneal injection, then 4 weeks of aerobic exercise was conducted. Metabolomics based on GC-MS was applied to detect small molecules metabolites and western blot was used to detect the concentration of enzymes involved in metabolic changes in rat hippocampus. Compared to the control group, metabolites including xylulose 5-phosphate, threonine, succinate, and nonanoic acid were markedly elevated, whereas methyl arachidonic acid and methyl stearate decreased in the AS group, accompanied by a raised concentration of aldose reductase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase as well as a declined concentration of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase. After 4 weeks' aerobic exercise, the levels of succinic acid, branched chain amino acids, nonanoic acid, desmosterol, and aldose reductase decreased, whereas methyl arachidonic acid, methyl stearate, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate elevated in the hippocampus of the TAS group in comparison with the AS group. These results suggest that atherosclerosis could cause a severe metabolic disturbance, and aerobic exercise plays an important role in regulating atherosclerosis-induced disorder of glucose metabolism in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, 261053, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Post-doctoral station of clinical medicine, Tongji Hospital, medical school of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jingyun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shujie Lou
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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3
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Tuo J, Liu Y, Liao W, Gu W, Yang S, Tan X, Tang T, Chen H, Feng J, Wen Y, He W, Huang Q. Altered brain volume and its relationship to characteristics of carotid plaques in asymptomatic patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13821. [PMID: 30593177 PMCID: PMC6314752 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotid plaque is an aggregate marker of exposure to vascular risk factors, which are linked to structural brain changes. We investigated prestroke global and regional changes in brain volume in a carotid plaque population of cognitively healthy individuals and the association between carotid plaque characteristics and these changes.A total of 76 participants were divided into healthy control (HC, n = 28), vulnerable plaque (n = 27) and stable plaque groups (n = 21). All subjects underwent carotid ultrasound and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to examine differences in regional gray matter volumes (rGMVs) among the different groups.The plaque group had a significantly lower mean total cerebral brain volume (TCBV) than the HC group (P = .03). Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was negatively correlated with TCBV (r = -0.311, P = .006) and rGMV in the right thalamus (r = -0.589, P = .001). The rGMVs of the right middle occipital gyrus and bilateral lingual gyrus were significantly different between the unstable and stable groups. The gray-scale median (GSM) of the plaque and the total plaque risk score (TPRS) were correlated with the volume of the right middle occipital gyrus (r=-0.478, P = .001; r = 0.541, P = .001) and bilateral lingual gyrus (r = -0.419, P = .003; r = 0.288, P = .04).Carotid plaque is related to the volume of the brain parenchyma and right thalamus. The rGMVs of the right middle occipital gyrus and bilateral lingual gyrus differed between the vulnerable plaque and stable plaque groups, and the characteristics of carotid plaques may serve as indexes that reflect these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tuo
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Yunhai Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha
| | - Wenping Gu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha
| | - Xinglin Tan
- Department of Neurology, Nanhai Hospital, Southern Medical University, Foshan, Guangdong
| | - Tao Tang
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha
| | - Jie Feng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha
| | - Yanbin Wen
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha
| | - Wei He
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
| | - Qing Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University
- Hunan Clinical Research Center for Cerebrovascular Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha
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4
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Rapid shortening of leukocyte telomeres is associated with poorer pulmonary function among healthy adults. Respir Med 2018; 145:73-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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5
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Cohen-Manheim I, Doniger GM, Sinnreich R, Simon ES, Murad H, Pinchas-Mizrachi R, Kark JD. Body Mass Index, Height and Socioeconomic Position in Adolescence, Their Trajectories into Adulthood, and Cognitive Function in Midlife. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 55:1207-1221. [PMID: 27814299 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether life course anthropometric indices relate to cognitive function in midlife remains insufficiently explored. Rarely was socioeconomic position (SEP) adequately accounted for. OBJECTIVE To examine the association of the cumulative life course burden of high-ranked body mass index (BMI), its trajectory, and stature with cognitive function in midlife. METHODS Weight and height were measured from age 17 across a 33-year follow-up. 507 individuals completed a NeuroTrax computerized cognitive assessment at ages 48-52. Life course SEP was assessed by multiple methods. Using mixed models we calculated the area under the curve (AUC), representing both the life-course burden of BMI (total AUC) and trends in BMI (incremental AUC) from age 17 to midlife. The associations of BMI and height with global cognition and its five component domains were assessed by multiple regression. RESULTS Higher BMI in late adolescence and total AUC over the life course were associated with poorer global cognition (Standardized beta (Beta) = -0.111, p = 0.005 and Beta = -0.105, p = 0.018, respectively), adjusted for childhood and adulthood SEP, and demographic characteristics. The associations with higher adolescent and midlife BMI were both restricted to those with low childhood SEP (p < 0.05 for interaction). Short adolescent stature was related to poorer cognition (Beta = 0.115, p = 0.040), whereas late final growth in women was associated with better cognition (Beta = 0.213, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION An adverse association of higher BMI with cognitive function began in adolescence and was restricted to low childhood SEP. Taller stature in both sexes and late growth in women were associated with better midlife cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irit Cohen-Manheim
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Glen M Doniger
- Department of Clinical Research, NeuroTrax Corporation, Modiin, Israel.,Centre for Medical Decision Making, Ono Academic College, Kiryat Ono, Israel
| | - Ronit Sinnreich
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ely S Simon
- Department of Clinical Research, NeuroTrax Corporation, Modiin, Israel.,Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Havi Murad
- Biostatistics Unit, Gertner Institute for Epidemiology and Health Policy Research, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ronit Pinchas-Mizrachi
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jeremy D Kark
- Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, Israel
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6
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Wardlaw JM, Allerhand M, Eadie E, Thomas A, Corley J, Pattie A, Taylor A, Shenkin SD, Cox S, Gow A, Starr JM, Deary IJ. Carotid disease at age 73 and cognitive change from age 70 to 76 years: A longitudinal cohort study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2017; 37:3042-3052. [PMID: 28155579 PMCID: PMC5536260 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x16683693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline and carotid artery atheroma are common at older ages. In community-dwelling subjects, we assessed cognition at ages 70, 73 and 76 and carotid Doppler ultrasound at age 73, to determine whether carotid stenosis was related to cognitive decline. We used latent growth curve models to examine associations between four carotid measures (internal carotid artery stenosis, velocity, pulsatility and resistivity indices) and four cognitive ability domains (memory, visuospatial function, crystallised intelligence, processing speed) adjusted for cognitive ability at age 11, current age, gender and vascular risk factors. Amongst 866 participants, carotid stenosis (median 12.96%) was not associated with cognitive abilities at age 70 or cognitive decline from age 70 to 76. Increased ICA pulsatility and resistivity indices were associated with slower processing speed (both P < 0.001) and worse visuospatial function ( P = 0.036, 0.031, respectively) at age 70, and declining crystallised intelligence from ages 70 to 76 ( P = 0.008, 0.006, respectively). The findings suggest that vascular stiffening, rather than carotid luminal narrowing, adversely influences cognitive ageing and provides a potential target for ameliorating age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Wardlaw
- 1 Brain Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,2 Department of Neuroradiology, NHS Lothian, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.,3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Allerhand
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elizabeth Eadie
- 2 Department of Neuroradiology, NHS Lothian, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Avril Thomas
- 2 Department of Neuroradiology, NHS Lothian, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Janey Corley
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alison Pattie
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Adele Taylor
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan D Shenkin
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,4 Geriatric Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon Cox
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan Gow
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,5 Department of Psychology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John M Starr
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- 3 Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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