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Martín-Gutiérrez A, Loricera J, Narváez J, Aldasoro V, Maiz O, Vela P, Romero-Yuste S, de Miguel E, Galíndez-Agirregoikoa E, Fernández-López JC, Ferraz-Amaro I, Sánchez-Martín J, Moya P, Campos C, López-Gutiérrez F, Castañeda S, Blanco R. Effectiveness Of Tocilizumab In Aortitis And Aneurysms Associated With Giant Cell Arteritis. Eur J Intern Med 2024:S0953-6205(24)00253-X. [PMID: 38908981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aortitis in Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA-aortitis) is a frequent complication that may lead to aneurysms. Tocilizumab (TCZ) was approved in GCA, but the efficacy in GCA-aortitis and aneurysms has not been analyzed to date. Our aim was to assess the effectiveness and safety of TCZ in a wide series of GCA-aortitis and aneurysms. METHODS Multicentre observational study with GCA-aortitis treated with TCZ. GCA was diagnosed by: a) ACR criteria, b) temporal artery biopsy, and/or c) imaging techniques. Aortitis was diagnosed mainly by PET/CT. Main outcomes were EULAR and imaging remission. Others were clinical remission, analytical normalization, corticosteroid-sparing effect, and the prevention and improvement of aneurysms. RESULTS 196 patients with GCA-aortitis treated with TCZ. After 6 months, 72.2% reached EULAR remission but only 12% an imaging remission; increasing up-to 81.4% and 31.8%, respectively, at 24 months. A rapid clinical remission, ESR and CRP normalization was observed in 47.4%, 84.3% and 55.6%, at 1 month, increasing to 89.6%, 85.3% and 80.3% at 24 months, respectively. Aneurysms were present in 10 (5%) patients. Five of them required early surgery, while 3 others enlarged. No patient on TCZ therapy developed aneurysms during follow-up. CONCLUSION In patients with GCA-aortitis treated with TCZ, a rapid and maintained clinical and analytical improvement was observed. However, there was an uncoupling between clinical and EULAR remission with imaging remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Martín-Gutiérrez
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Immunopathology Group, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Loricera
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Immunopathology Group, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Narváez
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vicente Aldasoro
- Department of Rheumatology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Olga Maiz
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Donosti, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Paloma Vela
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Susana Romero-Yuste
- Department of Rheumatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Eugenio de Miguel
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Iván Ferraz-Amaro
- Department of Rheumatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Moya
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Campos
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital General Universitatio de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gutiérrez
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Immunopathology Group, Santander, Spain
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Catedra EPID-Future, UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Immunopathology Group, Santander, Spain.
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Loricera J, Tofade T, Prieto-Peña D, Romero-Yuste S, de Miguel E, Riveros-Frutos A, Ferraz-Amaro I, Labrador E, Maiz O, Becerra E, Narváez J, Galíndez-Agirregoikoa E, González-Fernández I, Urruticoechea-Arana A, Ramos-Calvo Á, López-Gutiérrez F, Castañeda S, Unizony S, Blanco R. Effectiveness of janus kinase inhibitors in relapsing giant cell arteritis in real-world clinical practice and review of the literature. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:116. [PMID: 38840219 PMCID: PMC11151571 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03314-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A substantial proportion of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) relapse despite standard therapy with glucocorticoids, methotrexate and tocilizumab. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signalling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of GCA and JAK inhibitors (JAKi) could be a therapeutic alternative. We evaluated the effectiveness of JAKi in relapsing GCA patients in a real-world setting and reviewed available literature. METHODS Retrospective analysis of GCA patients treated with JAKi for relapsing disease at thirteen centers in Spain and one center in United States (01/2017-12/2022). Outcomes assessed included clinical remission, complete remission and safety. Clinical remission was defined as the absence of GCA signs and symptoms regardless of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) values. Complete remission was defined as the absence of GCA signs and symptoms along with normal ESR and CRP values. A systematic literature search for other JAKi-treated GCA cases was conducted. RESULTS Thirty-five patients (86% females, mean age 72.3) with relapsing GCA received JAKi therapy (baricitinib, n = 15; tofacitinib, n = 10; upadacitinib, n = 10). Before JAKi therapy, 22 (63%) patients had received conventional synthetic immunosuppressants (e.g., methotrexate), and 30 (86%) biologics (e.g., tocilizumab). After a median (IQR) follow-up of 11 (6-15.5) months, 20 (57%) patients achieved and maintained clinical remission, 16 (46%) patients achieved and maintained complete remission, and 15 (43%) patients discontinued the initial JAKi due to relapse (n = 11 [31%]) or serious adverse events (n = 4 [11%]). A literature search identified another 36 JAKi-treated GCA cases with clinical improvement reported for the majority of them. CONCLUSIONS This real-world analysis and literature review suggest that JAKi could be effective in GCA, including in patients failing established glucocorticoid-sparing therapies such as tocilizumab and methotrexate. A phase III randomized controlled trial of upadacitinib is currently ongoing (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03725202).
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Loricera
- Department of Rheumatology, IDIVAL, Immunopathology Group, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, Santander, ES- 39008, Spain
| | - Toluwalase Tofade
- Neurology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diana Prieto-Peña
- Department of Rheumatology, IDIVAL, Immunopathology Group, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, Santander, ES- 39008, Spain
| | - Susana Romero-Yuste
- Department of Rheumatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Pontevedra, Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Eugenio de Miguel
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne Riveros-Frutos
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Iván Ferraz-Amaro
- Department of Rheumatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Olga Maiz
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Donosti, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Elena Becerra
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario de Elda, Alicante, Spain
| | - Javier Narváez
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ángel Ramos-Calvo
- Department of Rheumatology, Complejo Hospitalario de Soria, Soria, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gutiérrez
- Department of Rheumatology, IDIVAL, Immunopathology Group, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, Santander, ES- 39008, Spain
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sebastian Unizony
- Vasculitis and Glomerulonephritis Center, Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- Department of Rheumatology, IDIVAL, Immunopathology Group, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Avda. Valdecilla s/n, Santander, ES- 39008, Spain.
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Management of primary vasculitides with biologic and novel small molecule medications. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2021; 33:8-14. [PMID: 33164993 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vasculitides can affect small, medium and/or large vessels, leading to end-organ damage, decreased quality of life and death. Glucocorticoids remain the backbone of treatment for systemic vasculitis but are associated with numerous toxicities. In recent years, the efficacy of glucocorticoid-sparing biologic and novel small molecule therapies has been demonstrated. RECENT FINDINGS In giant cell arteritis, tocilizumab was superior to glucocorticoid monotherapy in maintenance remission and cumulative glucocorticoid exposure and is now approved for the treatment of giant cell arteritis. In addition to the previously demonstrated efficacy of rituximab for remission induction in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis, recent trials have also demonstrated its superiority for remission maintenance compared to alternative approaches. Mepolizumab is superior to standard of care alone with regard to remission rates and glucocorticoid-sparing effect in refractory eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Avacopan has shown significant promise in ANCA-associated vasculitis as part of a glucocorticoid-free induction regimen in a recently completed phase 3 trial. Use of biologics in rarer vasculitides remains guided by reports from small case series. SUMMARY Biologics and other novel therapies have an increasingly important role in the management of systemic vasculitis. Additional studies are needed to define their optimal use and to guide their use in more rare forms of vasculitis.
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Krusche M, Ruffer N, Schneider U, Meyer M, Burmester G, Kötter I. Tocilizumab treatment for polyarteritis nodosa. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 59:e63-e65. [PMID: 32182367 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Krusche
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin.,Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Nephrology, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Hamburg, Klinikum Bad Bramstedt, Germany
| | - Nikolas Ruffer
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Nephrology, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Hamburg, Klinikum Bad Bramstedt, Germany
| | - Udo Schneider
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Marco Meyer
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Nephrology, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Hamburg, Klinikum Bad Bramstedt, Germany
| | - Gerd Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Ina Kötter
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Nephrology, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Hamburg, Klinikum Bad Bramstedt, Germany.,Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg and Klinikum Bad Bramstedt, Bad Bramsted, Germany
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Abstract
GENERAL PURPOSE To discuss the pathogenesis and clinical features of wounds caused by microthrombi formation under the following categories of systemic diseases: cold-related and immune-complex deposition diseases, coagulopathies, abnormalities in red blood cell structure, emboli, and vasospasm. TARGET AUDIENCE This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care. LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:1. Recall the etiology, risk factors, and pathophysiology of the various types of microthrombotic wounds.2. Describe the clinical manifestations and treatment of the various types of microthrombotic wounds. ABSTRACT Typical wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers, pressure ulcers, and arterial ulcers are responsible for more than 70% of chronic wounds. Atypical wounds have broad differential diagnoses and can sometimes develop as a combination of different conditions. Regardless of the etiology, impaired blood circulation is characteristic of all chronic and acute wounds. Chronic wounds associated with microthrombi formation are an important group of atypical wounds commonly linked to an underlying systemic disease. In this perspective article, the pathogenesis and clinical features of wounds caused by microthrombi formation are discussed under the following categories of systemic diseases: cold-related and immune-complex deposition diseases, coagulopathies, abnormalities in red blood cell structure, emboli, and vasospasm.
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Krusche M, Ruffer N, Kötter I. Tocilizumab treatment in refractory polyarteritis nodosa: a case report and review of the literature. Rheumatol Int 2018; 39:337-344. [PMID: 30465270 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-4210-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare systemic vasculitis affecting multiple organs. Current standard treatment includes the use of glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide. Unfortunately, some patients do not respond to this treatment and other therapeutic options are needed. We present a case of a young male with refractory PAN and ongoing biopsy evidence of active vasculitis despite optimal standard therapies, who was successfully treated with interleukin-6 antagonist, tocilizumab. A 24-year-old male presented with severe immobilizing polyneuropathy and myalgias. Clinical features included fasciitis, tenosynovitis, early signs of polyneuropathy, and panniculitis, which were largely refractory to the standard therapies. The previous unsuccessful treatments included high-dose glucocorticoids, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, anakinra, and intravenous immunoglobulins. Magnetic resonance imaging showed signs of myositis, with muscle biopsy confirming the diagnosis of PAN. Rapid clinical improvement and sustained remission occurred after interleukin-6 inhibition with tocilizumab at increased dose of 800 mg every 4 weeks. The used search strategy identified 20 publications of which four articles were included for the further analysis. In total, we report the clinical outcome of five PAN cases from the literature and the present one. The present case and the systematic review of literature suggest that tocilizumab is a possible treatment option for, otherwise, refractory hepatitis B virus negative PAN. Randomized-controlled trials are required to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tocilizumab in PAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Krusche
- Asklepios Klinik Altona, Rheumatologie, Klinische Immunologie, Nephrologie, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 1, 22763, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nikolas Ruffer
- Asklepios Klinik Altona, Rheumatologie, Klinische Immunologie, Nephrologie, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 1, 22763, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ina Kötter
- Asklepios Klinik Altona, Rheumatologie, Klinische Immunologie, Nephrologie, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 1, 22763, Hamburg, Germany
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González-Gay MA, Pina T, Prieto-Peña D, Calderon-Goercke M, Blanco R, Castañeda S. Current and emerging diagnosis tools and therapeutics for giant cell arteritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2018; 14:593-605. [DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2018.1485491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. González-Gay
- Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Cardiovascular Pathophysiology and Genomics Research Unit, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Trinitario Pina
- Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Diana Prieto-Peña
- Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Mónica Calderon-Goercke
- Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Ricardo Blanco
- Division of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, Genetics and Atherosclerosis Research Group on Systemic Inflammatory Diseases, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
| | - Santos Castañeda
- Rheumatology Division, Hospital de La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
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Herrera CN, Tomala-Haz JE. Portal hypertension: an uncommon clinical manifestation of Takayasu arteritis in a 9-year-old child. Open Access Rheumatol 2016; 8:115-118. [PMID: 27895519 PMCID: PMC5117910 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s114689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Takayasu arteritis (TA) is the third most common childhood vasculitis and its clinical manifestations depend on the arteries involved. We report a case of a 9-year-old boy with multiple aneurysms in carotid and iliac arteries, subclavian and coronary arteries, and abdominal aorta. At the age of 7 years, he presented with recurrent fever and hepatosplenomegaly. An angio-computed tomography scan showed aneurysms in the left subclavian artery, abdominal aorta, and both proximal iliac arteries. He was diagnosed with TA and was treated with corticosteroids, aspirin, and enalapril. One year later, he was admitted to Dr Roberto Gilbert Children's Hospital because of intracranial hemorrhage. Angiography revealed enlargement of aneurysms enlargement and new aneurysms. He also developed portal hypertension. Treatment with intravenous corticosteroids, azathioprine, and monthly intravenous cyclophosphamide was begun. After 6 months of no improvement, infliximab was begun. The aim of this article was to report the concurrence of coronary involvement and portal vein hypertension in pediatric TA because there were scarce reports on this matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina N Herrera
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Dr Roberto Gilbert Children’s Hospital, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Javier E Tomala-Haz
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Dr Roberto Gilbert Children’s Hospital, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Loricera J, Blanco R, Hernández J, Martínez-Rodríguez I, Carril J, Lavado C, Jiménez M, González-Vela C, González-Gay M. Use of positron emission tomography (PET) for the diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Use of positron emission tomography (PET) for the diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2015; 34:372-7. [PMID: 26272121 DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The term vasculitis encompasses a heterogeneous group of diseases that share the presence of inflammatory infiltrates in the vascular wall. The diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis is often a challenge because the presenting clinical features are nonspecific in many cases and they are often shared by different types of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including other systemic vasculitides. Moreover, the pathogenesis of large-vessel vasculitis is not fully understood. Nevertheless, the advent of new imaging techniques has constituted a major breakthrough to establish an early diagnosis and a promising tool to monitor the follow-up of patients with largevessel vasculitis. This is the case of the molecular imaging with the combination of positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) using different radiotracers, especially the (18)F-fluordeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG). In this review we have focused on the contribution of (18)F-FDG PET in the diagnosis of large-vessel vasculitis.
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Sciascia S, Cuadrado MJ. Thematic issue: Biologics in autoimmune diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 27:179. [PMID: 25962817 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Sciascia
- Centro di Ricerche di Immunologia Clinica ed Immunopatologia e Documentazione su Malattie Rare (CMID), Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Università di Torino, Italy; Louise Coote Lupus Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M J Cuadrado
- Louise Coote Lupus Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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