miR-214 could promote myocardial fibrosis and cardiac mesenchymal transition in VMC mice through regulation of the p53 or PTEN-PI3K-Akt signali pathway, promoting CF proliferation and inhibiting its ng pathway

Role of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis

Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a common inflammatory disease of the myocardium that is characterized mainly by inflammatory cell infiltration and cardiomyocyte necrosis. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is a common cause of VMC, although major progress has been made in the treatment of VMC, the long-term prognosis is still not ideal and further research is needed. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNA molecules without coding functions and include microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), which play extensive regulatory roles in gene expression; however, their mechanisms of action in CVB3-induced VMC remain incompletely understood. Here, we review the currently known roles of various ncRNAs in CVB3-induced VMC models, with a focus on cell death, inflammation and viral replication, with the aim of providing a reference for their therapeutic or vaccine development for the treatment of VMC.

Therapeutic applications of stem cell-derived exosomes in radiation-induced lung injury

Radiation-induced lung injury is a common complication of chest tumor radiotherapy; however, effective clinical treatments are still lacking. Stem cell-derived exosomes, which contain various signaling molecules such as proteins, lipids, and miRNAs, not only retain the tissue repair and reconstruction properties of stem cells but also offer improved stability and safety. This presents significant potential for treating radiation-induced lung injury. Nonetheless, the clinical adoption of stem cell-derived exosomes for this purpose remains limited due to scientific, practical, and regulatory challenges. In this review, we highlight the current pathology and therapies for radiation-induced lung injury, focusing on the potential applications and therapeutic mechanisms of stem cell-derived exosomes. We also discuss the limitations of existing stem cell-derived exosomes and outline future directions for exosome-based treatments for radiation-induced lung injury.

Optimized New Shengmai Powder modulation of cAMP/Rap1A signaling pathway attenuates myocardial fibrosis in heart failure

BACKGROUND

Optimized New Shengmai Powder (ONSMP) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula with significant anti-heart failure and myocardial fibrosis effects, but the specific molecular biological mechanisms are not fully understood.

METHODS

In this study, we first used network pharmacology to analyze the ONSMP's active ingredients, core signaling pathways, and core targets. Second, calculate the affinity and binding modes of the ONSMP components to the core targets using molecular docking. Finally, the heart failure rat model was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery and assessing the effect of ONSMP on myocardial fibrosis in heart failure using echocardiography, cardiac organ coefficients, heart failure markers, and pathological sections after 4 weeks of drug intervention. The cAMP level in rat myocardium was determined using Elisa, the α-SMA and FSP-1 positive expression determined by immunohistochemistry, and the protein and mRNA levels of the cAMP/Rap1A signaling pathway were detected by Western Blotting and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively.

RESULTS

The result shows that the possible mechanism of ONSMP in reducing myocardial fibrosis also includes the use of 12 active ingredients such as baicalin, vitamin D, resveratrol, tanshinone IIA, emodin, 15,16-dihydrotanshinone-i to regulate β1-AR, AC6, EPAC1, Rap1 A, STAT3, and CCND1 on the cAMP/Rap1A signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and reduce the excessive secretion of collagen, effectively improve cardiac function and ventricular remodeling in heart failure rats.

CONCLUSION

This research shows that ONSMP can inhibit myocardial fibrosis and delay heart failure through the cAMP/Rap1A signaling pathway.