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Wei XZ, Liao FJ, Xu X, Ye C, Tung CH, Wu LZ. In situ assembly of nickel-based ultrathin catalyst film for water oxidation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11109-11112. [PMID: 37646081 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03110a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-based ultrathin catalyst film is assembled in situ from a solution of Ni(OAc)2 and a Schiff-base ligand L. The resulting ultrathin catalyst film shows a low overpotential of 330 mV, a steady current of 7 mA cm-2 for water oxidation over 10 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Jie Liao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Ye
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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2
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Wei XZ, Ding TY, Wang Y, Yang B, Yang QQ, Ye S, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Tracking an Fe V (O) Intermediate for Water Oxidation in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308192. [PMID: 37431961 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
High-valent iron-oxo species are appealing for conducting O-O bond formation for water oxidation reactions. However, their high reactivity poses a great challenge to the dissection of their chemical transformations. Herein, we introduce an electron-rich and oxidation-resistant ligand, 2-[(2,2'-bipyridin)-6-yl]propan-2-ol to stabilize such fleeting intermediates. Advanced spectroscopies and electrochemical studies demonstrate a high-valent FeV (O) species formation in water. Combining kinetic and oxygen isotope labelling experiments and organic reactions indicates that the FeV (O) species is responsible for O-O bond formation via water nucleophilic attack under the real catalytic water oxidation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Qing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shengfa Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Song H, Amati A, Pannwitz A, Bonnet S, Hammarström L. Mechanistic Insights into the Charge Transfer Dynamics of Photocatalytic Water Oxidation at the Lipid Bilayer-Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19353-19364. [PMID: 36250745 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem II, the natural water-oxidizing system, is a large protein complex embedded in a phospholipid membrane. A much simpler system for photocatalytic water oxidation consists of liposomes functionalized with amphiphilic ruthenium(II)-tris-bipyridine photosensitizer (PS) and 6,6'-dicarboxylato-2,2'-bipyridine-ruthenium(II) catalysts (Cat) with a water-soluble sacrificial electron acceptor (Na2S2O8). However, the effect of embedding this photocatalytic system in liposome membranes on the mechanism of photocatalytic water oxidation was not well understood. Here, several phenomena have been identified by spectroscopic tools, which explain the drastically different kinetics of water photo-oxidizing liposomes, compared with analogous homogeneous systems. First, the oxidative quenching of photoexcited PS* by S2O82- at the liposome surface occurs solely via static quenching, while dynamic quenching is observed for the homogeneous system. Moreover, the charge separation efficiency after the quenching reaction is much smaller than unity, in contrast to the quantitative generation of PS+ in homogeneous solution. In parallel, the high local concentration of the membrane-bound PS induces self-quenching at 10:1-40:1 molar lipid-PS ratios. Finally, while the hole transfer from PS+ to catalyst is rather fast in homogeneous solution (kobs > 1 × 104 s-1 at [catalyst] > 50 μM), in liposomes at pH = 4, the reaction is rather slow (kobs ≈ 17 s-1 for 5 μM catalyst in 100 μM DMPC lipid). Overall, the better understanding of these productive and unproductive pathways explains what limits the rate of photocatalytic water oxidation in liposomal vs homogeneous systems, which is required for future optimization of light-driven catalysis within self-assembled lipid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Song
- Department of Chemistry-Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Agnese Amati
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Pannwitz
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands.,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leif Hammarström
- Department of Chemistry-Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
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4
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Bühler J, Zurflüh J, Siol S, Blacque O, Sévery L, Tilley D. Electrochemical Ruthenium-Catalysed C–H Activation in Water Through Heterogenization of a Molecular Catalyst. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01999f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Efficient catalytic oxidative C–H activation of organic substrates remains an important challenge in synthetic chemistry. Here, we show that the combination of a transition metal catalyst, surface immobilisation and an...
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5
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Misawa-Suzuki T, Mafune S, Nagao H. Synthesis of Carbonato- and Doubly Oxido-Bridged Diruthenium(III,IV) Complex and Reactions with Cations. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9996-10005. [PMID: 34152773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Doubly oxido-bridged transition metal moieties, {M2(μ-O)2}, play important roles as oxidation reaction centers in nature. This work features a diruthenium(III,IV) complex with a doubly oxido-bridged core {Ru2III,IV(μ-O)2}3+ with a carbonato bridged between the two ruthenium centers, M[{RuIII,IV(ebpma)}2(μ-O)2(μ-O2CO)]2(PF6)3 (M[1CO3]2(PF6)3; Carbonato complex, ebpma; ethylbis(2-pyridymethyl)amine), and explores the interactions of this complex with cations (H+ and M+). M[1CO3]2(PF6)3 was formed via reactions of a singly oxido-bridged complex, [{RuIII,IVCl2(ebpma)}2(μ-O)]PF6·(CH3)2CO, with M2CO3 (M = K, Na) or with CO2(g), adjusted to around pH 12 with NaOH(aq.), in a water-acetone mixed solvent. The Carbonato complex was isolated as a powder in the form of M[1CO3]2(PF6)3 (M = K, Na), because of the interactions between the carbonato moiety and K+ or Na+ in the solid structure. In acidic aqueous solutions, unexpectedly, the carbonato ligand remained bound to the doubly bridged core, {Ru2III,IV(μ-O)2}3+ or {Ru2III,IV(μ-O)(μ-OH)}4+, without decarboxylation even under pH 1.0. Two-step one-protonation/deprotonation occurred reversibly between pH 1.0 and 13.2 to the bridging oxido and carbonato ligands. The structures of the corresponding one- and two-protonated complexes ([1CO3H]2+ and [1CO32H]3+) were successfully characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Misawa-Suzuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554 Japan
| | - Sota Mafune
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554 Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nagao
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554 Japan
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6
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Wang D, Huang Q, Shi W, You W, Meyer TJ. Application of Atomic Layer Deposition in Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cells. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Wu HL, Li XB, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Bioinspired metal complexes for energy-related photocatalytic small molecule transformation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15496-15512. [PMID: 33300513 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05870j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bioinspired transformation of small-molecules to energy-related feedstocks is an attractive research area to overcome both the environmental issues and the depletion of fossil fuels. The highly effective metalloenzymes in nature provide blueprints for the utilization of bioinspired metal complexes for artificial photosynthesis. Through simpler structural and functional mimics, the representative herein is the pivotal development of several critical small molecule conversions catalyzed by metal complexes, e.g., water oxidation, proton and CO2 reduction and organic chemical transformation of small molecules. Of great achievement is the establishment of bioinspired metal complexes as catalysts with high stability, specific selectivity and satisfactory efficiency to drive the multiple-electron and multiple-proton processes related to small molecule transformation. Also, potential opportunities and challenges for future development in these appealing areas are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Lin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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8
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Johansson MP, Niederegger L, Rauhalahti M, Hess CR, Kaila VRI. Dispersion forces drive water oxidation in molecular ruthenium catalysts. RSC Adv 2020; 11:425-432. [PMID: 35423068 PMCID: PMC8691110 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09004b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rational design of artificial water-splitting catalysts is central for developing new sustainable energy technology. However, the catalytic efficiency of the natural light-driven water-splitting enzyme, photosystem II, has been remarkably difficult to achieve artificially. Here we study the molecular mechanism of ruthenium-based molecular catalysts by integrating quantum chemical calculations with inorganic synthesis and functional studies. By employing correlated ab initio calculations, we show that the thermodynamic driving force for the catalysis is obtained by modulation of π-stacking dispersion interactions within the catalytically active dimer core, supporting recently suggested mechanistic principles of Ru-based water-splitting catalysts. The dioxygen bond forms in a semi-concerted radical coupling mechanism, similar to the suggested water-splitting mechanism in photosystem II. By rationally tuning the dispersion effects, we design a new catalyst with a low activation barrier for the water-splitting. The catalytic principles are probed by synthesis, structural, and electrochemical characterization of the new catalyst, supporting enhanced water-splitting activity under the examined conditions. Our combined findings show that modulation of dispersive interactions provides a rational catalyst design principle for controlling challenging chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael P Johansson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 55 FI-00014 Helsinki Finland.,Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße 4 Garching D-85747 Germany .,Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (Helsus) FI-00014 Helsinki Finland.,CSC-IT Center for Science P.O. Box 405 FI-02101 Espoo Finland
| | - Lukas Niederegger
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße 4 Garching D-85747 Germany
| | - Markus Rauhalahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 55 FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Corinna R Hess
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße 4 Garching D-85747 Germany
| | - Ville R I Kaila
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße 4 Garching D-85747 Germany .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
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9
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Wang XZ, Meng SL, Xiao H, Feng K, Wang Y, Jian JX, Li XB, Tung CH, Wu LZ. Identifying a Real Catalyst of [NiFe]-Hydrogenase Mimic for Exceptional H 2 Photogeneration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18400-18404. [PMID: 32667116 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the natural [NiFe]-H2 ase, we designed mimic 1, (dppe)Ni(μ-pdt)(μ-Cl)Ru(CO)2 Cl to realize effective H2 evolution under photocatalytic conditions. However, a new species 2 was captured in the course of photo-, electro-, and chemo- one-electron reduction. Experimental studies of in situ IR spectroscopy, EPR, NMR, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and DFT calculations corroborated a dimeric structure of 2 as a closed-shell, symmetric structure with a RuI center. The isolated dimer 2 showed the real catalytic role in photocatalysis with a benchmark turnover frequency (TOF) of 1936 h-1 for H2 evolution, while mimic 1 worked as a pre-catalyst and evolved H2 only after being reduced to 2. The remarkably catalytic activity and unique dimer structure of 2 operated in photocatalysis unveiled a broad research prospect in hydrogenases mimics for advanced H2 evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shu-Lin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ke Feng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing-Xin Jian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu-Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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10
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Wang X, Meng S, Xiao H, Feng K, Wang Y, Jian J, Li X, Tung C, Wu L. Identifying a Real Catalyst of [NiFe]‐Hydrogenase Mimic for Exceptional H
2
Photogeneration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu‐Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Shu‐Lin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hongyan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ke Feng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jing‐Xin Jian
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xu‐Bing Li
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chen‐Ho Tung
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Li‐Zhu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Future Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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