1
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Wang Z, Wang H, Lin S, Angers S, Sargent EH, Kelley SO. Phenotypic targeting using magnetic nanoparticles for rapid characterization of cellular proliferation regulators. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj1468. [PMID: 38718125 PMCID: PMC11078187 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide CRISPR screens have provided a systematic way to identify essential genetic regulators of a phenotype of interest with single-cell resolution. However, most screens use live/dead readout of viability to identify factors of interest. Here, we describe an approach that converts cell proliferation into the degree of magnetization, enabling downstream microfluidic magnetic sorting to be performed. We performed a head-to-head comparison and verified that the magnetic workflow can identify the same hits from a traditional screen while reducing the screening period from 4 weeks to 1 week. Taking advantage of parallelization and performance, we screened multiple mesenchymal cancer cell lines for their dependency on cell proliferation. We found and validated pan- and cell-specific potential therapeutic targets. The method presented provides a nanoparticle-enabled approach means to increase the breadth of data collected in CRISPR screens, enabling the rapid discovery of drug targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Hansen Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Sichun Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Stephane Angers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Edward H. Sargent
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts and Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Shana O. Kelley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3M2, Canada
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Weinberg College of Arts and Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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2
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Pasquale EB. Eph receptors and ephrins in cancer progression. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:5-27. [PMID: 37996538 PMCID: PMC11015936 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Evidence implicating Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands (that together make up the 'Eph system') in cancer development and progression has been accumulating since the discovery of the first Eph receptor approximately 35 years ago. Advances in the past decade and a half have considerably increased the understanding of Eph receptor-ephrin signalling mechanisms in cancer and have uncovered intriguing new roles in cancer progression and drug resistance. This Review focuses mainly on these more recent developments. I provide an update on the different mechanisms of Eph receptor-ephrin-mediated cell-cell communication and cell autonomous signalling, as well as on the interplay of the Eph system with other signalling systems. I further discuss recent advances in elucidating how the Eph system controls tumour expansion, invasiveness and metastasis, supports cancer stem cells, and drives therapy resistance. In addition to functioning within cancer cells, the Eph system also mediates the reciprocal communication between cancer cells and cells of the tumour microenvironment. The involvement of the Eph system in tumour angiogenesis is well established, but recent findings also demonstrate roles in immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix. Lastly, I discuss strategies under evaluation for therapeutic targeting of Eph receptors-ephrins in cancer and conclude with an outlook on promising future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena B Pasquale
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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3
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Chaudhary RK, Patil P, Mateti UV, Alagundagi DB, Shetty V. Theranostic Potential of EFNB2 for Cetuximab Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:1923-1936. [PMID: 37636764 PMCID: PMC10447808 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Only 13% of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients respond to cetuximab therapy despite its target (EGFR) is expressed in about 80-90% of HNC patients. However, this problem remained unresolved till date despite of numerous efforts. Thus, the current study aimed to establish hub genes involved in cetuximab resistance via series of bioinformatics approach. The GSE21483 dataset was analysed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using GEO2R and enrichment analysis was carried out using DAVID. STRING 11.5 and Cytoscape 3.7.2 were used for protein-protein interactions and hub genes respectively. The significant hub genes (p < 0.05) were validated using ULCAN and Human protein atlas. Validated genes were further queried for tumor infiltration using TIMER2.0. Out of total 307 DEGs, 38 hub genes were identified of which IL1A, EFNB2, SPRR1A, ROBO1 and SOCS3 were the significant hub genes associated with both mRNA expression and overall survival. IL1A, ROBO1, and SOCS3 were found to be downregulated whereas EFNB2 and SPRR1A were found to be upregulated in our study. However, using UALCAN, we found that high expression of IL1A, EFNB2, SOCS3 negatively affects overall survival whereas high expression of SPRR1A and ROBO1 positively affects overall survival. Protein level for EFNB2 and SPRR1A expression was significant in tumor HNC tissue as compared to normal HNC tissue. EFNB2 was found to be a key regulator of CTX resistance among HNC patients. Targeting EFNB2 and associated PPI circuits might improve the response rate to CTX. Thus, EFNB2 has potential to be theranostic marker for CTX resistance. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12070-023-03739-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raushan Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Prakash Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Uday Venkat Mateti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (NGSMIPS), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Dhananjay B. Alagundagi
- Central Research Laboratory, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018 India
| | - Vijith Shetty
- Department of Medical Oncology, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA), Justice K.S. Hegde Charitable Hospital, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangaluru, Karnataka 575018 India
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4
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Shenoy AK, Pi L, Ligocki AP, Hosaka K, Cogle CR, Scott EW. Targeting Redundant ROBO1 and SDF-1 Pathways Prevents Adult Hemangioblast Derived-EPC and CEC Activity Effectively Blocking Tumor Neovascularization. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:928-941. [PMID: 36652143 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10498-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Neovascularization is a key therapeutic target for cancer treatment. However, anti-angiogenic therapies have shown modest success, as tumors develop rapid resistance to treatment owing to activation of redundant pathways that aid vascularization. We hypothesized that simultaneously targeting different pathways of neovascularization will circumvent the current issue of drug resistance and offer enhanced therapeutic benefits. To test this hypothesis, we made use of two distinct models of tumor-neovascularization, which exhibit equally dense microvasculature but show disparate sensitivity to anti-SDF-1 treatment. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) is primarily a vasculogenic-tumor that is associated with HSC functioning as a hemangioblast to generate circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells contributing to formation of new blood vessels, and responds to anti-SDF-1 treatment. B16F0 melanoma is an angiogenic-tumor that derives new blood vessels from existing vasculature and is resistant to anti-SDF-1 therapy. In this study, we observed increased expression of the angiogenic-factor, Robo1 predominantly expressed on the blood vessels of B16F0 tumor. Blockade of Robo1 by the decoy receptor, RoboN, resulted in reduced microvascular-density and tumor-growth. However, this was associated with mobilization of BM-cells into the B16F0 tumor, thus switching the mode of neovascularization from angiogenic to vasculogenic. The use of a combinatorial treatment of RoboN and the monoclonal anti-SDF-1 antibody effectively attenuated tumor-growth and inhibited both angiogenic and BM-derived microvessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha K Shenoy
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Liya Pi
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexander P Ligocki
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Koji Hosaka
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher R Cogle
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Edward W Scott
- Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. .,Program in Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbology, University of Florida, PO Box 100232, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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5
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Psilopatis I, Karniadakis I, Danos KS, Vrettou K, Michaelidou K, Mavridis K, Agelaki S, Theocharis S. May EPH/Ephrin Targeting Revolutionize Lung Cancer Treatment? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010093. [PMID: 36613532 PMCID: PMC9820524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptors (EPHs) comprise the largest receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) family in mammals. EPHs along with their ligands, EPH-family receptor-interacting proteins (ephrins), have been found to be either up- or downregulated in LC cells, hence exhibiting a defining role in LC carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In their capacity as membrane-bound molecules, EPHs/ephrins may represent feasible targets in the context of precision cancer treatment. In order to investigate available therapeutics targeting the EPH/ephrin system in LC, a literature review was conducted, using the MEDLINE, LIVIVO, and Google Scholar databases. EPHA2 is the most well-studied EPH/ephrin target in LC treatment. The targeting of EPHA2, EPHA3, EPHA5, EPHA7, EPHB4, EPHB6, ephrin-A1, ephrin-A2, ephrin-B2, and ephrin-B3 in LC cells or xenograft models not only directly correlates with a profound LC suppression but also enriches the effects of well-established therapeutic regimens. However, the sole clinical trial incorporating a NSCLC patient could not describe objective anti-cancer effects after anti-EPHA2 antibody administration. Collectively, EPHs/ephrins seem to represent promising treatment targets in LC. However, large clinical trials still need to be performed, with a view to examining the effects of EPH/ephrin targeting in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iason Psilopatis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Department of Gynecology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt—Universität zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioannis Karniadakis
- Second Department of Propaedeutic Surgery, “Laiko” General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Stylianos Danos
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kleio Vrettou
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kleita Michaelidou
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003 Herakleion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mavridis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Herakleion, Greece
| | - Sofia Agelaki
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71003 Herakleion, Greece
- Department of Medical Oncology, University General Hospital of Herakleion, Vassilika Vouton, 71110 Herakleion, Greece
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias Street, Bld 10, Goudi, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (S.T.)
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6
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Laws KM, Bashaw GJ. Diverse roles for axon guidance pathways in adult tissue architecture and function. NATURAL SCIENCES (WEINHEIM, GERMANY) 2022; 2:e20220021. [PMID: 37456985 PMCID: PMC10346896 DOI: 10.1002/ntls.20220021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Classical axon guidance ligands and their neuronal receptors were first identified due to their fundamental roles in regulating connectivity in the developing nervous system. Since their initial discovery, it has become clear that these signaling molecules play important roles in the development of a broad array of tissue and organ systems across phylogeny. In addition to these diverse developmental roles, there is a growing appreciation that guidance signaling pathways have important functions in adult organisms, including the regulation of tissue integrity and homeostasis. These roles in adult organisms include both tissue-intrinsic activities of guidance molecules, as well as systemic effects on tissue maintenance and function mediated by the nervous and vascular systems. While many of these adult functions depend on mechanisms that mirror developmental activities, such as regulating adhesion and cell motility, there are also examples of adult roles that may reflect signaling activities that are distinct from known developmental mechanisms, including the contributions of guidance signaling pathways to lineage commitment in the intestinal epithelium and bone remodeling in vertebrates. In this review, we highlight studies of guidance receptors and their ligands in adult tissues outside of the nervous system, focusing on in vivo experimental contexts. Together, these studies lay the groundwork for future investigation into the conserved and tissue-specific mechanisms of guidance receptor signaling in adult tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin M. Laws
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Current address: Department of Biology, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA 23005, USA
| | - Greg J. Bashaw
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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7
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Ahirwar DK, Peng B, Charan M, Misri S, Mishra S, Kaul K, Sassi S, Gadepalli VS, Siddiqui J, Miles WO, Ganju RK. Slit2/Robo1 signaling inhibits small-cell lung cancer by targeting β-catenin signaling in tumor cells and macrophages. Mol Oncol 2022; 17:839-856. [PMID: 35838343 PMCID: PMC10158774 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine subtype of lung cancer with poor patient prognosis. However, the mechanisms that regulate SCLC progression and metastasis remain undefined. Here, we show that the expression of the slit guidance ligand 2 (SLIT2) tumor suppressor gene is reduced in SCLC tumors relative to adjacent normal tissue. In addition, the expression of the SLIT2 receptor, roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1), is upregulated. We find a positive association between SLIT2 expression and the Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator (YAP1)-expressing SCLC subtype (SCLC-Y), which shows a better prognosis. Using genetically engineered SCLC cells, adenovirus gene therapy, and preclinical xenograft models, we show that SLIT2 overexpression or the deletion of ROBO1 restricts tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed significant inhibition of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the SCLC tumors. In addition, SLIT2 enhances M1-like and phagocytic macrophages. Molecular analysis showed that ROBO1 knockout or SLIT2 overexpression suppresses the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)/β-catenin signaling pathway in both tumor cells and macrophages. Overall, we find that SLIT2 and ROBO1 have contrasting effects on SCLC tumors. SLIT2 suppresses, whereas ROBO1 promotes, SCLC growth by regulating the Tgf-β1/glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3)/β-catenin signaling pathway in tumor cells and TAMs. These studies indicate that SLIT2 could be used as a novel therapeutic agent against aggressive SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Ahirwar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Bioscience & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, India
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Manish Charan
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Swati Misri
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kirti Kaul
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Salha Sassi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Jalal Siddiqui
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wayne O Miles
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ramesh K Ganju
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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8
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He Y, Liu S, Newburg DS. Musarin, a novel protein with tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity from Trametes versicolor, inhibits colorectal cancer stem cell growth. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112339. [PMID: 34656057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the second deadly cancer in the world. Trametes versicolor is a traditional Chinese medicinal mushroom with a long history of being used to regulate immunity and prevent cancer. Trametes versicolor mushroom extract demonstrates strongly cell growth inhibitory activity on human colorectal tumor cells. In this study, we characterized a novel 12-kDa protein that named musarin, which was purified from Trametes versicolor mushroom extract and showed significant growth inhibition on multiple human colorectal cancer cell lines in vitro. The protein sequence of musarin was determined through enzyme digestion and MS/MS analysis. Furthermore, Musarin, in particular, strongly inhibits aggressive human colorectal cancer stem cell-like CD24+CD44+ HT29 proliferation in vitro and in a NOD/SCID murine xenograft model. Through whole transcription profile and gene enrichment analysis of musarin-treated CSCs-like cells, major signaling pathways and network modulated by musarin have been enriched, including the bioprocess of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, the EGFR-Ras signaling pathway and enzyme inhibitor activity. Musarin demonstrated tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity in vitro. Musarin strongly attenuated EGFR expression and down-regulated phosphorylation level, thereby slowing cancer cells proliferation. In addition, oral ingestion of musarin significantly inhibited CD24+CD44+ HT29 generated tumor development in SCID/NOD mice with less side effects in microgram doses. Targeting self-renewal aggressive stem-cell like cancer cell proliferation, with higher water solubility and lower cytotoxicity, musarin has shown strong potence to be developed as a promising novel therapeutic drug candidate against colorectal cancers, especially those that acquire chemo-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- YingYing He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; School of Chemical Science & Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China
| | - Shubai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
| | - David S Newburg
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 130 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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EphA2 signaling within integrin adhesions regulates fibrillar adhesion elongation and fibronectin deposition. Matrix Biol 2021; 103-104:1-21. [PMID: 34537369 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional glycoprotein fibronectin influences several crucial cellular processes and contributes to multiple pathologies. While a link exists between fibronectin-associated pathologies and the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2, the mechanism by which EphA2 promotes fibronectin matrix remodeling remains unknown. We previously demonstrated that EphA2 deletion reduces smooth muscle fibronectin deposition and blunts fibronectin deposition in atherosclerosis without influencing fibronectin expression. We now show that EphA2 expression is required for contractility-dependent elongation of tensin- and α5β1 integrin-rich fibrillar adhesions that drive fibronectin fibrillogenesis. Mechanistically, EphA2 localizes to integrin adhesions where focal adhesion kinase mediates ligand-independent Y772 phosphorylation, and mutation of this site significantly blunts fibrillar adhesion length. EphA2 deficiency decreases smooth muscle cell contractility by enhancing p190RhoGAP activation and reducing RhoA activity, whereas stimulating RhoA signaling in EphA2 deficient cells rescues fibrillar adhesion elongation. Together, these data identify EphA2 as a novel regulator of fibrillar adhesion elongation and provide the first data identifying a role for EphA2 signaling in integrin adhesions.
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10
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Čermák V, Škarková A, Merta L, Kolomazníková V, Palušová V, Uldrijan S, Rösel D, Brábek J. RNA-seq Characterization of Melanoma Phenotype Switch in 3D Collagen after p38 MAPK Inhibitor Treatment. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030449. [PMID: 33802847 PMCID: PMC8002814 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma phenotype plasticity underlies tumour dissemination and resistance to therapy, yet its regulation is incompletely understood. In vivo switching between a more differentiated, proliferative phenotype and a dedifferentiated, invasive phenotype is directed by the tumour microenvironment. We found that treatment of partially dedifferentiated, invasive A375M2 cells with two structurally unrelated p38 MAPK inhibitors, SB2021920 and BIRB796, induces a phenotype switch in 3D collagen, as documented by increased expression of melanocyte differentiation markers and a loss of invasive phenotype markers. The phenotype is accompanied by morphological change corresponding to amoeboid–mesenchymal transition. We performed RNA sequencing with an Illumina HiSeq platform to fully characterise transcriptome changes underlying the switch. Gene expression results obtained with RNA-seq were validated by comparing them with RT-qPCR. Transcriptomic data generated in the study will extend the present understanding of phenotype plasticity in melanoma and its contribution to invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Čermák
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.Č.); (A.Š.); (L.M.); (V.K.); (D.R.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Škarková
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.Č.); (A.Š.); (L.M.); (V.K.); (D.R.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Merta
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.Č.); (A.Š.); (L.M.); (V.K.); (D.R.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Kolomazníková
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.Č.); (A.Š.); (L.M.); (V.K.); (D.R.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Palušová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (S.U.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Stjepan Uldrijan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (V.P.); (S.U.)
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.Č.); (A.Š.); (L.M.); (V.K.); (D.R.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.Č.); (A.Š.); (L.M.); (V.K.); (D.R.)
- Biotechnology and Biomedicine Centre of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University (BIOCEV), Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec u Prahy, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +420-3258-73900
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