Bisphenol A-induced DNA damages promote to lymphoma progression in human lymphoblastoid cells through aberrant CTNNB1 signaling pathway

Environmental triggers and future risk of developing autoimmune diseases: Molecular mechanism and network toxicology analysis of bisphenol A

Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical compound in plastics and resins, widely exist in people's production and life which have great potential to damage human and animal health. It has been proved that BPA could affect human immune function and promote the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases (ADs). However, the mechanism and pathophysiology remain unknown. Therefore, this study aims to advance network toxicology strategies to efficiently investigate the putative toxicity and underlying molecular mechanisms of environmental pollutants, focusing on ADs induced by BPA exposure. Leveraging databases including ChEMBL, STITCH, SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards, and OMIM, we identified potential targets associated with BPA exposure and ADs, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Subsequent refinement using STRING and Cytoscape software highlighted core targets respectively, and Metascape was utilized for enrichment analysis. Gene expression data from the GEO database revealed the upregulation or downregulation of these targets across these ADs. Molecular docking performed with Autodock confirmed robust binding between BPA and core targets, notably PPARG, CTNNB1, ESR1, EGFR, SRC, and CCND1. These findings suggest that BPA exposure may serve as an environmental trigger in the development of autoimmunity, underscoring potential environmental risk factors for the onset of autoimmune conditions.

The alarming link between environmental microplastics and health hazards with special emphasis on cancer

Microplastic contamination is a burgeoning environmental issue that poses serious threats to animal and human health. Microplastics enter the human body through nasal, dermal, and oral routes to contaminate multiple organs. Studies have advocated the existence of microplastics in human breast milk, sputum, faeces, and blood. Microplastics can find their ways to the sub-cellular moiety via active and passive approaches. At cellular level, microplastics follow clathrin and caveolae-dependent pathways to invade the sub-cellular environment. These environmental contaminants modulate the epigenetic control of gene expression, status of inflammatory mediators, redox homeostasis, cell-cycle proteins, and mimic the endocrine mediators like estrogen and androgen to fuel carcinogenesis. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have suggested potential links between the exposure to microplastics and the onset of various chronic diseases. Microplastics trigger uncontrolled cell proliferation and ensue tissue growth leading to various cancers affecting the lungs, blood, breasts, prostate, and ovaries. Additionally, such contamination can potentially affect sub-cellular signaling and injure multiple organs. In essence, numerous reports have claimed microplastic-induced toxicity and tumorigenesis in human and model animals. Nonetheless, the underlying molecular mechanism is still elusive and warrants further investigations. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of microplastics, covering their sources, chemistry, human exposure routes, toxicity, and carcinogenic potential at the molecular level.

Novel insights into the role of bisphenol A (BPA) in genomic instability

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a phenolic chemical that has been used for over 50 years in the manufacturing of polycarbonate and polyvinyl chloride plastics, and it is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide. Because BPA can bind to and activate estrogen receptors, studies have mainly focused on the effect of BPA in disrupting the human endocrine and reproductive systems. However, BPA also plays a role in promoting genomic instability and has been associated with initiating carcinogenesis. For example, it has been recently shown that exposure to BPA promotes the formation of single stranded DNA gaps, which may be associated with increased genomic instability. In this review, we outline the mechanisms by which BPA works to promote genomic instability including chromosomal instability, DNA adduct formation, ROS production, and estrogen receptor (ER) activation. Moreover, we define the ways in which BPA promotes both carcinogenesis and resistance to chemotherapy, and we provide critical insights into future directions and outstanding questions in the field.

Construction of dose prediction model and identification of sensitive genes for space radiation based on single-sample networks under spaceflight conditions

PURPOSE

To identify sensitive genes for space radiation, we integrated the transcriptomic samples of spaceflight mice from GeneLab and predicted the radiation doses absorbed by individuals in space.

METHODS AND MATERIALS

A single-sample network (SSN) for each individual sample was constructed. Then, using machine learning and genetic algorithms, we built the regression models to predict the absorbed dose equivalent based on the topological structure of SSNs. Moreover, we analyzed the SSNs from each tissue and compared the similarities and differences among them.

RESULTS

Our model exhibited excellent performance with the following metrics: R 2 = 0.980 , MSE = 6.74 e - 04 , and the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.990 (p value <.0001) between predicted and actual values. We identified 20 key genes, the majority of which had been proven to be associated with radiation. However, we uniquely established them as space radiation sensitive genes for the first time. Through further analysis of the SSNs, we discovered that the different tissues exhibited distinct mechanisms in response to space stressors.

CONCLUSIONS

The topology structures of SSNs effectively predicted radiation doses under spaceflight conditions, and the SSNs revealed the gene regulatory patterns within the organisms under space stressors.

Impact of plastic-related compounds on the gene expression signature of HepG2 cells transfected with CYP3A4

The presence of plastic and microplastic within the oceans as well as in marine flora and fauna have caused a multitude of problems that have been the topic of numerous investigations for many years. However, their impact on human health remains largely unknown. Such plastic and microplastic particles have been detected in blood and placenta, underlining their ability to enter the human body. Plastics also contain other compounds, such as plasticizers, antioxidants, or dyes, whose impact on human health is currently being studied. Critical enzymes within the metabolism of endogenous molecules, especially of xenobiotics, are the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs). Although their importance in maintaining cellular balance has been confirmed, their interactions with plastics and related products are poorly understood. In this study, the possible relationship between different plastic-related compounds and CYP3A4 as one of the most important CYPs was analyzed using hepatic cells overexpressing this enzyme. Beginning with virtual compound screening and molecular docking of more than 1000 plastic-related compounds, several candidates were identified to interact with CYP3A4. In a second step, RNA-sequencing was used to study in detail the transcriptome-wide gene expression levels affected by the selected compounds. Three candidate molecules ((2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 1,1-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, and 2,2'-methylenebis(6-cyclohexyl-4-methylphenol)) had an excellent binding affinity to CYP3A4 in-silico as well as cytotoxic effects and interactions with several metabolic pathways in-vitro. We identified common pathways influenced by all three selected plastic-related compounds. In particular, the suppression of pathways related to mitosis and 'DNA-templated DNA replication' which were confirmed by cell cycle analysis and single-cell gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, several mis-regulated metabolic and inflammation-related pathways were identified, suggesting the induction of hepatotoxicity at different levels. These findings imply that these compounds may cause liver problems subsequently affecting the entire organism.

Transcriptomic Integration Analyses Uncover Common Bisphenol A Effects Across Species and Tissues Primarily Mediated by Disruption of JUN/FOS, EGFR, ER, PPARG, and P53 Pathways

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a common endocrine disruptor widely used in the production of electronic, sports, and medical equipment, as well as consumer products like milk bottles, dental sealants, and thermal paper. Despite its widespread use, current assessments of BPA exposure risks remain limited due to the lack of comprehensive cross-species comparative analyses. To address this gap, we conducted a study aimed at identifying genes and fundamental molecular processes consistently affected by BPA in various species and tissues, employing an effective data integration method and bioinformatic analyses. Our findings revealed that exposure to BPA led to significant changes in processes like lipid metabolism, proliferation, and apoptosis in the tissues/cells of mammals, fish, and nematodes. These processes were found to be commonly affected in adipose, liver, mammary, uterus, testes, and ovary tissues. Additionally, through an in-depth analysis of signaling pathways influenced by BPA in different species and tissues, we observed that the JUN/FOS, EGFR, ER, PPARG, and P53 pathways, along with their downstream key transcription factors and kinases, were all impacted by BPA. Our study provides compelling evidence that BPA indeed induces similar toxic effects across different species and tissues. Furthermore, our investigation sheds light on the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for these toxic effects. By uncovering these mechanisms, we gain valuable insights into the potential health implications associated with BPA exposure, highlighting the importance of comprehensive assessments and awareness of this widespread endocrine disruptor.

Potential Pathogenic Impact of Cow’s Milk Consumption and Bovine Milk-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

Epidemiological evidence supports an association between cow’s milk consumption and the risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide. This narrative review intends to elucidate the potential impact of milk-related agents, predominantly milk-derived exosomes (MDEs) and their microRNAs (miRs) in lymphomagenesis. Upregulation of PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 signaling is a common feature of DLBCL. Increased expression of B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and suppression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1)/PR domain-containing protein 1 (PRDM1) are crucial pathological deviations in DLBCL. Translational evidence indicates that during the breastfeeding period, human MDE miRs support B cell proliferation via epigenetic upregulation of BCL6 (via miR-148a-3p-mediated suppression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and miR-155-5p/miR-29b-5p-mediated suppression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) and suppression of BLIMP1 (via MDE let-7-5p/miR-125b-5p-targeting of PRDM1). After weaning with the physiological termination of MDE miR signaling, the infant’s BCL6 expression and B cell proliferation declines, whereas BLIMP1-mediated B cell maturation for adequate own antibody production rises. Because human and bovine MDE miRs share identical nucleotide sequences, the consumption of pasteurized cow’s milk in adults with the continued transfer of bioactive bovine MDE miRs may de-differentiate B cells back to the neonatal “proliferation-dominated” B cell phenotype maintaining an increased BLC6/BLIMP1 ratio. Persistent milk-induced epigenetic dysregulation of BCL6 and BLIMP1 expression may thus represent a novel driving mechanism in B cell lymphomagenesis. Bovine MDEs and their miR cargo have to be considered potential pathogens that should be removed from the human food chain.

Current Evidence on Bisphenol A Exposure and the Molecular Mechanism Involved in Related Pathological Conditions

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the so-called endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of different morbid conditions: immune-mediated disorders, type-2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The purpose of this review is to analyze the mechanism of action of bisphenol A, with a special focus on mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) and adipogenesis. Its uses will be assessed in various fields: dental, orthopedic, and industrial. The different pathological or physiological conditions altered by BPA and the related molecular pathways will be taken into consideration.

Contribution of common plastic-related endocrine disruptors to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor progression

Many chemicals, including many endocrine disruptors (EDCs) are known to leach out from various plastic consumer products and waste, and are widespread in the environment. EDCs are a large group of contaminants that can interfere with hormonal metabolism or function. In addition, there are in the literature implications of contribution by EDCs in tumor progression, the last stage of carcinogenesis driven by cells with a metastatic phenotype. The process of epithelial cells losing their apical-basal polarity and cell-to-cell contacts, and acquiring migration and invasive properties typical of mesenchymal cells is called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). It is essential for tumor progression. In human cells, plastic-related EDCs, (phthalates, bisphenol A, and the alkylphenols: nonylphenol and octylphenol) reduce epithelial E-cadherin, and increase mesenchymal N-cadherin and extracellular matrix metalloproteinases. These changes are hallmarks of EMT. In xenograft mouse studies, EDCs increase migration of cells and metastatic growth in distant tissues. Their contribution to EMT and tumor progression, the topic of this review, is important from public health perspective, because of the ubiquitous exposure to these EDCs. In this mini-review we also discuss molecular mechanisms associated with EDC-induced EMT and tumor progression.