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Zhu W, Shi Y, Lu J, Han F, Luo W, Xu D, Guo T, Huang G, Kühn FE, Zhang B, Zhang T. Sustainable production of triazoles from lignin major motifs. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301421. [PMID: 38102854 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
An efficiently catalyzed synthesis of pharmaceutically relevant 1,2,3-trazoles from renewable resources is highly desirable. However, due to incompatible catalysis conditions, this endeavor remained challenging so far. Herein, a practical access protocol to 1,2,3-triazoles, starting from lignin phenolic β-O-4 with γ-OH group utilizing a vanadium-based catalyst is presented. A broad substrate scope reaching up to 97 % yield of 1,2,3-triazoles are obtained. The reaction pathway includes selective cleavage of double C-O bonds, cycloaddition, and dehydrogenation. Mechanistic studies and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the V-based complex acts as a bifunctional catalyst for both selective C-O bonds cleavage and dehydrogenation. This synthetic pathway has been applied for the synthesis of pharmacological and biological active carbohydrate derivatives starting from biomass components as feedstock, enabling a potential sustainable route to triazolyl carbohydrate derivatives, which paves the way for lignin-based heterocyclic aromatics in the pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jinfei Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Fengan Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Wenhao Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, 235 West University Street, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Dezhu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tenglong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Fritz E Kühn
- Molecular Catalysis, Catalysis Research Center and Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D - 85748, Garching bei München
| | - Bo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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