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de Sales SC, Oliveira SR, Pantuzzo ES, Costa FPD, Xavier MH, de Mesquita RA, Abreu LG, Campos FEB, de Castro WH, Silva TA. Cheilitis glandularis: case report and systematic literature review. Int J Dermatol 2023; 62:154-168. [PMID: 35318652 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.16165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that affects the minor salivary glands predominantly in the lower lip. In this article, we report the case of an 18-year-old black woman who presented with a deep suppurative type of CG in both lips. In addition, we performed a systematic literature review in five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Ovid, and Embase) to identify CG case reports or case series. A total of 360 references were retrieved in the electronic databases. Thirty-four articles met the inclusion criteria, and six were retrieved through manual search, totaling 40 articles included in the systematic review. Thirty-nine (68.4%) cases occurred in male individuals and 18 (31.6%) in female individuals. The mean age of affected individuals was 40.9 years. Different clinical manifestations ranging from no symptoms to discomfort, pain, swelling, erythema, eversion of the lip, dilated ductal openings, ulcers, and crust have been reported. Among the included CG cases, 41 affected exclusively the lower lip (71.9%). In four cases, the CG only affected the upper lip (7.0%). In 12 cases, the lesion affected both the lower and upper lips (21.1%). Different treatment modalities were adopted in the management of CG. Although the surgical treatment was indicated (42.1%), the conservative treatment with topical medications, as in the present case, resulted in resolution in 21.0% of cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Campos de Sales
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sicília Rezende Oliveira
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Erika Soares Pantuzzo
- Multiprofessional Integrated Residency in Health, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Pereira Delgado Costa
- Multiprofessional Integrated Residency in Health, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Alves de Mesquita
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child's and Adolescent's Oral Health, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Felipe Eduardo Baires Campos
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Wagner Henriques de Castro
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Residency, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Multiprofessional Integrated Residency in Health, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Piperi E, Georgaki M, Andreou A, Pettas E, Tziveleka S, Nikitakis NG. Cheilitis Glandularis: A clinicopathologic study with emphasis on etiopathogenesis. Oral Dis 2022; 29:1579-1587. [PMID: 35113467 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cheilitis Glandularis (CG) is an uncommon entity of obscure etiology. A cases series is presented with emphasis on etiopathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen CG cases were analyzed according to their demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics. RESULTS The mean age of the patients with CG was 68.1 years, while a male-to-female ratio of 1.8:1 was observed. One or more potential causative factors were identified for each patient, including long-term smoking (9 cases), xerostomia (4 cases), cosmetic filler injections (2 cases), and actinic cheilitis (1 case). The lesions were located on the lips, buccal mucosa, or both in 7, 2, and 5 cases, respectively. Multiple submucosal nodules with dilated ductal orifices and mucous or purulent discharge were observed in all cases. Histopathologically, ductal ectasia with metaplasia, intraductal mucin, and chronic or mixed inflammation were noted, as well as pools of hyaluronic acid in 2 cases with a history of cosmetic filler injections. CONCLUSIONS CG etiopathogenesis is probably multifactorial. Reduced salivary flow rate and increased viscosity of saliva, potentially caused by long-term smoking, diabetes mellitus, and drug-induced xerostomia, may participate in the initial pathogenesis, while local irritants, for example, poor oral hygiene and local trauma, may further contribute to the development and aggravation of the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Piperi
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Georgaki
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Andreou
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Efstathios Pettas
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Styliani Tziveleka
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G Nikitakis
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Athens, Greece
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de Morais Medeiros HC, Del Carmen Martinez Vargas Y, Gonzaga AKG, Queiroz LMG, de Medeiros AMC, de Oliveira PT, da Silveira ÉJD. Co-existence of cheilitis glandularis and actinic cheilitis-an update. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 25:113-117. [PMID: 32740769 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-020-00886-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cheilitis Glandularis (CG) is a chronic inflammatory disorder with no specific etiology that affects the minor salivary glands of the lips. The main characteristic of this condition consists of the exit of thick saliva or mucopurulent secretion through the dilated ducts present in the vermilion border of the lip, associated to varying degrees of macrocheilia. In this article we report the case of a male patient, leucoderma, 48 years old, that exhibited actinic cheilitis and glandular cheilitis. We emphasized the clinical management, diagnosis criteria and treatment, taking into consideration that GC is a rare condition and makes a differential diagnosis with other entities that may occur on lips. Although a diagnosis of CG is not difficult, its treatment is a challenge, considering the unknown etiology that hinders the development of more specific and effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hianne Cristinne de Morais Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
- OralPathology Professor University Center UNIFACISA, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
| | | | - Amanda Katarinny Goes Gonzaga
- Postgraduate Program in Oral Pathology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
- OralPathology Professor,University Center UNIFACISA, Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
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Gholizadeh N, Sadrzadeh-Afshar MS, Sheykhbahaei N. Intralesional corticosteroid injection as an effective treatment method for oral lesions: a meta-analysis. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902019000418077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Lugović-Mihić L, Blagec T, Japundžić I, Skroza N, Delaš Adžajić M, Mravak-Stipetić M. Diagnostic management of cheilitis: an approach based on a recent proposal for cheilitis classification. ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2020. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2020.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cheilitis Glandularis of Both Lips: Successful Treatment with a Combination of an Intralesional Steroid Injection and Tacrolimus Ointment. Case Rep Dent 2018; 2018:9169208. [PMID: 29744227 PMCID: PMC5878902 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9169208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is an inflammatory condition of unknown cause that predominantly affects the minor salivary glands of the lips. Although a diagnosis of CG is not difficult, its treatment is a challenge. This article highlights the clinical presentation of the disease together with a case of successful management of this disease using a combination of a steroid injection followed by a topical immunosuppressor.
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Friedrich RE, Löning T. Cheilitis glandularis: Case report with respect to immunohistochemical findings. GMS INTERDISCIPLINARY PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY DGPW 2016; 5:Doc04. [PMID: 26816670 PMCID: PMC4724758 DOI: 10.3205/iprs000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cheilitis glandularis (CG) is a rare benign affection of the lip mucosa. The etiology and pathogenesis of CG are unknown. Surgical measures are the leading therapeutic options to treat CG. This case report on a 55-year-old female illustrates the recurrent affection of the lips over several years and local therapy. Furthermore, the study of the resected glands intends to differentiate the lesions with respect to the recently introduced concept of immunoglobulin G4-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard E Friedrich
- Oral and Craniomaxillofacial Surgery, Eppendorf University Hospital, University of Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Löning
- Gerhard-Seifert Reference Centre, Hansepathnet, Hamburg, Germany
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Krishna CV, Parmar NV, Has C. Kindler syndrome with severe mucosal involvement in childhood. Clin Exp Dermatol 2015; 39:340-3. [PMID: 24635075 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Kindler syndrome (KS) is an inherited dermatosis linked to the FERMT1 gene, and is characterized clinically by trauma-induced acral skin blisters in infancy and childhood, photosensitivity, and progressive poikiloderma. We report a case of KS in a 7-year-old Indian girl with severe mucosal involvement of the oral cavity and genitourinary tract. Mutation analysis in the girl showed a homozygous FERMT1 mutation, c.862C>T, p.R288*. The clinical manifestations in patients with KS show significant inter individual variation, even with the same type of mutations and within members of the same family. Our case highlights the role of environmental modifiers in regulating the clinical features of KS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Krishna
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India
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Reiter S, Vered M, Yarom N, Goldsmith C, Gorsky M. Cheilitis glandularis: clinico-histopathological diagnostic criteria. Oral Dis 2010; 17:335-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2010.01762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cheilitis glandularis: A clinicopathological study in 22 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 2010; 62:233-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2009.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2009] [Revised: 05/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Erkek E, Sahin S, Kilic R, Erdogan S. A case of cheilitis glandularis superimposed on oral lichen planus: successful palliative treatment with topical tacrolimus and pimecrolimus. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2007; 21:999-1000. [PMID: 17659026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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