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Vignes S. Genital Lymphedema after Cancer Treatment: A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235809. [PMID: 36497291 PMCID: PMC9739141 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genital lymphedema may affect males and females after cancer treatment (gynecological, such as cervical, uterine or ovarian, melanoma, prostate, anus…). It is frequently associated with lower limb lymphedema, and is responsible for discomfort, cosmetic disfigurement and functional disturbances. Impacts on body image, sexual function and quality of life are major, and difficult to explore because cancer treatment itself and lymphedema are so closely interwoven. Local complications, e.g., papillomatosis, warty growth, lymph vesicles with embarrassing lymph oozing and cellulitis, may occur. Usual lymphedema therapies, like bandaging and elastic compression, are poorly adapted to these sites. Surgery, essentially based on cutaneous resection techniques, is the primary symptomatic treatment; it achieves good efficacy, in adults and children, with possible recurrence requiring reintervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Vignes
- Department of Lymphology, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Vasculaires Rares (Lymphoedèmes Primaires), Hôpital Cognacq-Jay, 15, rue Eugène-Millon, 75015 Paris, France
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2
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A Verrucous Plaque With Linear Fissures in a Patient With Crohn's Disease: Answer. Am J Dermatopathol 2021; 43:461-463. [PMID: 34006733 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Ertoy Baydar D. Massive Localized Lymphedema in an Unreported Location (Retroperitoneum). Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:89. [PMID: 30458829 PMCID: PMC6247625 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Massive localized lymphedema (MLL) is a non-neoplastic benign soft tissue lesion that may be confused with sarcomas or other neoplastic proliferations both clinically and morphologically. Most occur in morbidly obese adults on the lower extremities. The objective of this article is to document a case of MLL in the retroperitoneal cavity which is a previously unreported site for this lesion, and to highlight its unusual clinical features. Case presentation The patient was a non-obese male who had undergone major abdominal surgery due to bladder extrophy 17 years ago. Abdominal ultrasonography detected a large incidental mass in the right renal sinus during his investigation for nephrolithiasis. The lesion extending from renal pelvis down to pelvis was resected and its histopathological findings were compatible with massive localized lymphedema. Conclusions Retroperitoneum has to be added to the list of locations that MLL can be found. Liposarcoma will be a challenging differential diagnosis when the lesion is encountered in an unusual site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Ertoy Baydar
- Department of Pathology, Koc University School of Medicine, Topkapi / Zeytinburnu, 34010, Istanbul, Turkey.
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4
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Shim TN, Doiron PR, Francis N, Minhas S, Muneer A, Hawkins D, Dinneen M, Bunker CB. Penile lymphoedema: approach to investigation and management. Clin Exp Dermatol 2018; 44:20-31. [PMID: 30009576 DOI: 10.1111/ced.13609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penile lymphoedema (with and without cellulitis) is a rare, often chronic, clinically heterogeneous entity with an uncertain pathogenesis and an important differential diagnosis. It creates significant physical and psychosexual morbidity, and presents considerable therapeutic challenges. The existing literature is limited. AIM To describe and share our updated cumulative experience of a cohort of patients with penile lymphoedema. METHODS This was a retrospective review of the case records of patients with chronic penile lymphoedema seen in two dedicated male genital dermatology clinics between January 2011 and July 2016. RESULTS In total, 41 cases were identified. Over a third had Crohn disease (CD) (which was occult in one-third of these), and over a third had serological evidence of streptococcal infection. All patients responded to systemic antibiotics and specialized urological surgery circumcision and excision). CONCLUSIONS Penile lymphoedema should be investigated to exclude underlying pathology especially CD and streptococcal infection. Treatment with antibiotics should be considered early and long term to try to preserve the foreskin: most patients are uncircumcised. Some patients may benefit from a course or courses of oral steroids. The development of gross dysfunction of the prepuce usually dictates circumcision and excision of lymphoedematous tissue once the situation is medically stabilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Shim
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Coventry, West Midlands, UK.,Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Dermatology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - P R Doiron
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Dermatology, University College Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Canada
| | - N Francis
- Department of Pathology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Minhas
- Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Urology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Muneer
- Department of Urology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - D Hawkins
- Department of HIV/GUM , Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Dinneen
- Department of Urology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - C B Bunker
- Department of Dermatology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Dermatology, University College Hospital, London, UK
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Korbl JD, Chan J, Wood BA, Harvey NT. Localised lymphoedema forming a papillated lesion on the scalp. Pathology 2018; 50:361-364. [PMID: 29496201 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Dvorah Korbl
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan Chan
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Benjamin Andrew Wood
- Dermatopathology Group, Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, Perth, WA, Australia; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nathan Tobias Harvey
- Dermatopathology Group, Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest, Perth, WA, Australia; Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Abstract
SummaryTriggered by obesity, venous (obesity-associated dependency syndrome) and lymphatic drainage disorders (obesity-associated lymphoedema) can develop, which in themselves require compression therapy, or other comorbidities with indication for compression therapy may exist. In obese patients, some specific features have to be observed in compression therapy:- An adequate initial decongestive phase with padding and bandage materials,- Compression hosiery with a high degree of stiffness (high-strength materials, where appropriate, flat-knitted) and optimal fit (meticulous fitting),- Garment types that are suitable for daily use, if necessary, multi-part garment,- Need for aids or auxiliary persons to ensure correct use,- Concomitant consistent, intensive, lipid-replenishing skin care and optimised hygiene to reduce complications and side effects- Regular medical check-ups to ensure correct fit of the leg compression garment.Sometimes, particularly at the initial provision and in patients with a complicated physical shape, the stockings have to be modified several times before an optimal fit is achieved.
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Álvarez-Chinchilla P, Poveda I, Marco FM, López-Fernández JA, Peiro G, Illán F, Guijarro J. Vulvar lymphedema and refractory VIN-III heralding GATA2 deficiency syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017; 218:138-140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Butler C, Osterberg C, Horvai A, Breyer B. Milroy's disease and scrotal lymphoedema: pathological insight. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2016-215396. [PMID: 27118755 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-215396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christi Butler
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Charles Osterberg
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew Horvai
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Breyer
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Selected Case From the Arkadi M. Rywlin International Pathology Slide: Massive Localized Lymphedema in Morbid Obesity Complicated by a Nonspecific Subcutaneous Abscess. Adv Anat Pathol 2015; 22:388-91. [PMID: 26452214 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A 59-year-old morbidly obese female developed an ulcerated, slowly growing, 25 cm, subcutaneous, pendulous mass in the right groin which became infected and was excised in January 2014. The excised skin and subcutaneous fat weighed 1901 g. The skin exhibited a cobblestone appearance, the dermis was thickened and edematous, and the subcutaneous fat was traversed by fibrous septae. Histologically, there were dilated, thin-walled vessels, perivascular chronic inflammatory cells, slightly atypical macrophages, and expanded subcutaneous fibrous septae surrounding degenerating adipocytes resembling lipoblasts. Nearly all the Club members agreed with the submitted diagnosis of massive localized lymphedema in morbid obesity. Postoperatively, the wound healed well, there has been no recurrence or further infection as of July 2015, but the patient suffers from diabetes and congestive cardiac, the more common complications of morbid obesity.
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