Congenital retinal macrovessel associated with vitreous hemorrhage

OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN A CASE OF CONGENITAL RETINAL MACROVESSEL WITH ANOMALOUS RETINAL ANASTOMOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH CONTRALATERAL MYELINATED NERVE FIBERS AND RETINAL VASCULAR ABNORMALITIES

PURPOSE

To describe a case of congenital retinal macrovessel complicated by cystoid macular edema associated with contralateral myelinated retinal nerve fibers and retinal vascular abnormalities studied with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

METHODS

Case report.

RESULTS

A healthy 25-year-old woman with decreased vision in her right eye was found to have a congenital retinal venous macrovessel in the macula associated with cystoid edema. In the contralateral amblyopic eye, the examination revealed a tuft of myelinated retinal nerve fibers along the superotemporal vascular arcade associated with superficial vascular abnormalities. A complete multi-imaging examination was obtained, including fundus color photography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and optical coherence tomography angiography. At 1-week follow-up, the optical coherence tomography displayed spontaneous resolution of the edema that remained stable at consecutive 1-month follow-up.

CONCLUSION

Congenital retinal macrovessels can be associated with other ocular developmental anomalies. Vascular complications can occur, leading to macular edema and retinal ischemia. Optical coherence tomography angiography can be useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of this condition.

Multimodal imaging of aberrant macular microvessel crossing the foveal avascular zone in two young adults

Background

The traditional view is that there are no vessels in the foveal avascular zone. The two cases we report show microvessels crossing the foveal avascular zone.

Case presentation

A man and a woman, both 25 years old, were both incidentally found on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to have unilateral aberrant microvessels crossing the foveal avascular zone in their left eyes. Visual acuity was preserved in both patients. The vessel density (VD) and perfusion density (PD) of the eyes with the aberrant microvessels were all higher than those of the contralateral eyes. Nevertheless, measurements of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) dimensions, including its area, perimeter and circularity, were smaller in the left eyes than in the right eyes. No complications were recorded.

Conclusions

To date, aberrant microvessels crossing the foveal avascular zone have not been found to impair visual function. OCTA is a non-invasive and quick method that does not require dilation or the use of fluorescein dye. It is a reliable tool for the detection of aberrant microvessels crossing the foveal avascular zone.

Favourable outcome in retinal macrovessel-related choroidal neovascularization

Congenital retinal macrovessel (CRM) is an aberrant retinal blood vessel, which crosses the central macula and has tributaries extending on both sides of the horizontal raphe. It is a rare vascular condition, usually asymptomatic and incidentally discovered on routine fundus exam. This report describes a case of venous CRM associated with visual impairment secondary to choroidal nonvascular membrane (CNV). Treatment with intravitreal injection of aflibercept resulted in a favourable visual as well as anatomical outcome.

A case of congenital retinal macrovessel in an otherwise normal eye

Purpose

To present the case of a 37-year-old female with a foveal macrovessel.

Observations

The patient had an incidental finding of congenital retinal macrovessel (CRM) in the left eye on optical coherence tomography (OCT). Visual acuity was normal, and slit lamp and dilated fundus examinations were otherwise unremarkable. OCT angiography (OCTA) imaging allowed for visualization of the depth profile of the vessel as well as the foveal avascular zone (FAZ). The FAZ and foveal pit were both smaller in the affected eye compared to the fellow eye.

Conclusions and importance

We describe findings of OCTA imaging in a patient with CRM. Previous reports have relied on examination using fluorescein angiography, which does not provide sufficient axial resolution to discern the different vascular plexuses. This report further characterizes how this rare condition can affect foveal morphology and retinal vasculature.

Multimodal Imaging Analysis in a Case with Congenital Fovea-Involving Retinal Macrovessel and Excellent Visual Acuity

Purpose

Congenital retinal macrovessels (CRM) represent rare aberrant vasculature of the retinal vessels that can supply or drain the macula. In this report, the optical coherence tomography angiography features of a congenital retinal macrovessel are discussed.

Methods

The history and examination findings are presented alongside swept-source OCT angiography with corresponding B scan and en face OCT imaging.

Patients

The case is a 12-year-old female patient with excellent best-corrected visual acuity in both eyes.

Results

Swept-source OCT angiography demonstrated considerable loss of the foveal avascular zone at the levels of the superficial and deep capillary plexus.

Discussion

In this case there was no detrimental effect on vision despite anatomical loss of the foveal avascular zone.