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Mushtaq I, Hsieh TH, Chen YC, Kao YH, Chen YJ. MicroRNA-452-5p regulates fibrogenesis via targeting TGF-β/SMAD4 axis in SCN5A-knockdown human cardiac fibroblasts. iScience 2024; 27:110084. [PMID: 38883840 PMCID: PMC11179076 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The mutated SCN5A gene encoding defective Nav1.5 protein causes arrhythmic ailments and is associated with enhanced cardiac fibrosis. This study investigated whether SCN5A mutation directly affects cardiac fibroblasts and explored how defective SCN5A relates to cardiac fibrosis. SCN5A knockdown (SCN5AKD) human cardiac fibroblasts (HCF) had higher collagen, α-SMA, and fibronectin expressions. Micro-RNA deep sequencing and qPCR analysis revealed the downregulation of miR-452-5p and bioinformatic analysis divulged maladaptive upregulation of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling in SCN5AKD HCF. Luciferase reporter assays validated miR-452-5p targets SMAD4 in SCN5AKD HCF. Moreover, miR-452-5p mimic transfection in SCN5AKD HCF or AAV9-mediated miR-452-5p delivery in isoproterenol-induced heart failure (HF) rats, resulted in the attenuation of TGF-β signaling and fibrogenesis. The exogenous miR-452-5p significantly improved the poor cardiac function in HF rats. In conclusion, miR-452-5p regulates cardiac fibrosis progression by targeting the TGF-β/SMAD4 axis under the loss of the SCN5A gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Mushtaq
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Hsieh
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Pang Y, Xu Y, Chen Q, Cheng K, Ling Y, Jang J, Ge J, Zhu W. FLRT3 and TGF-β/SMAD4 signalling: Impacts on apoptosis, autophagy and ion channels in supraventricular tachycardia. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18237. [PMID: 38509727 PMCID: PMC10955158 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT), this study aimed to analyse the complex relationship between FLRT3 and TGF-β/SMAD4 signalling pathway, which affects Na+ and K+ channels in cardiomyocytes. Bioinformatics analysis was performed on 85 SVT samples and 15 healthy controls to screen overlapping genes from the key module and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Expression profiling of overlapping genes, coupled with Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses, identified FLRT3 as a hub gene. In vitro studies utilizing Ang II-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes were undertaken to elucidate the consequences of FLRT3 silencing on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagic processes. Utilizing a combination of techniques such as quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting (WB), flow cytometry, dual-luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation polymerase chain reaction (ChIP-PCR) assays were conducted to decipher the intricate interactions between FLRT3, the TGF-β/SMAD4 signalling cascade and ion channel gene expression. Six genes (AADAC, DSC3, FLRT3, SYT4, PRR9 and SERTM1) demonstrated reduced expression in SVT samples, each possessing significant clinical diagnostic potential. In H9C2 cardiomyocytes, FLRT3 silencing mitigated Ang II-induced apoptosis and modulated autophagy. With increasing TGF-β concentration, there was a dose-responsive decline in FLRT3 and SCN5A expression, while both KCNIP2 and KCND2 expressions were augmented. Moreover, a direct interaction between FLRT3 and SMAD4 was observed, and inhibition of SMAD4 expression resulted in increased FLRT3 expression. Our results demonstrated that the TGF-β/SMAD4 signalling pathway plays a critical role by regulating FLRT3 expression, with potential implications for ion channel function in SVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Pang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qingxing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kuan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yunlong Ling
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Jang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wenqing Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Zhao M, Zheng Z, Peng S, Xu Y, Zhang J, Liu J, Pan W, Yin Z, Xu S, Wei C, Wang M, Wan J, Qin J. Epidermal Growth Factor-Like Repeats and Discoidin I-Like Domains 3 Deficiency Attenuates Dilated Cardiomyopathy by Inhibiting Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 10 Dependent Smad4 Deubiquitination. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031283. [PMID: 38456416 PMCID: PMC11010021 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of heart failure with a poor prognosis. Recent studies suggest that endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT) may be involved in the pathogenesis and cardiac remodeling during DCM development. EDIL3 (epidermal growth factor-like repeats and discoidin I-like domains 3) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein that has been reported to promote EndMT in various diseases. However, the roles of EDIL3 in DCM still remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS A mouse model of DCM and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used to explore the roles and mechanisms of EDIL3 in DCM. The results indicated that EndMT and EDIL3 were activated in DCM mice. EDIL3 deficiency attenuated cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in DCM mice. EDIL3 knockdown alleviated EndMT by inhibiting USP10 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 10) dependent Smad4 deubiquitination in vivo and in vitro. Recombinant human EDIL3 promoted EndMT via reinforcing deubiquitination of Smad4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with IL-1β (interleukin 1β) and TGF-β (transforming growth factor beta). Inhibiting USP10 abolished EndMT exacerbated by EDIL3. In addition, recombinant EDIL3 also aggravates doxorubicin-induced EndMT by promoting Smad4 deubiquitination in HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicate that EDIL3 deficiency attenuated EndMT by inhibiting USP10 dependent Smad4 deubiquitination in DCM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Zihui Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Shanshan Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Jishou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Jianfang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Shuwan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Cheng Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Menglong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Cardiovascular Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Hubei Key Laboratory of CardiologyWuhanChina
| | - Juan‐Juan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Department of GeriatricsZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan UniversityWuhanChina
- Center for Healthy AgingWuhan University School of NursingWuhanChina
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Luo H, Fu L, Wang X, Yini Xu, Ling Tao, Shen X. Salvianolic acid B ameliorates myocardial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy by deubiquitinating Smad7. Chin Med 2023; 18:161. [PMID: 38072948 PMCID: PMC10712074 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00868-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a water-soluble phenolic compound derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, is commonly used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat cardiovascular disease. In our previous study, Sal B protected against myocardial fibrosis induced by diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects and potential mechanisms of Sal B in mitigating myocardial fibrosis induced by DCM. METHODS Various methods were used to investigate the effects of Sal B on myocardial fibrosis induced by DCM in vivo and in vitro. These methods included blood glucose measurement, echocardiography, HE staining, Masson's trichrome staining, Sirius red staining, cell proliferation assessment, determination of hydroxyproline levels, immunohistochemical staining, evaluation of fibrosis-related protein expression (Collagen-I, Collagen-III, TGF-β1, p-Smad3, Smad3, Smad7, and α-smooth muscle actin), analysis of Smad7 gene expression, and analysis of Smad7 ubiquitin modification. RESULTS The animal test results indicated that Sal B significantly improved cardiac function, inhibited collagen deposition and phenotypic transformation, and ameliorated myocardial fibrosis in DCM by upregulating Smad7, thereby inhibiting the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. In addition, cell experiments demonstrated that Sal B significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, phenotypic transformation, and collagen secretion of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) induced by high glucose (HG). Sal B significantly decreased the ubiquitination of Smad7 and stabilized the protein expression of Smad7, thereby increasing the protein expression of Smad7 in CFs and inhibiting the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, which may be the potential mechanism by which Sal B mitigates myocardial fibrosis induced by DCM. CONCLUSION This study revealed that Sal B can improve myocardial fibrosis in DCM by deubiquitinating Smad7, stabilizing the protein expression of Smad7, and blocking the TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Ankang Road, Guian New District, Guizhou, 561113, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Ankang Road, Guin New District, Guizhou, 561113, China
- The Experimental Animal Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Ankang Road, Guian New District, Guizhou, 561113, China
| | - Lingyun Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Ankang Road, Guin New District, Guizhou, 561113, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Ankang Road, Guin New District, Guizhou, 561113, China
| | - Yini Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Ankang Road, Guian New District, Guizhou, 561113, China
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Ankang Road, Guin New District, Guizhou, 561113, China
| | - Ling Tao
- The Experimental Animal Center of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Ankang Road, Guian New District, Guizhou, 561113, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Ankang Road, Guian New District, Guizhou, 561113, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Ankang Road, Guin New District, Guizhou, 561113, China.
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Umbarkar P, Ejantkar S, Ruiz Ramirez SY, Toro Cora A, Zhang Q, Tousif S, Lal H. Cardiac fibroblast GSK-3α aggravates ischemic cardiac injury by promoting fibrosis, inflammation, and impairing angiogenesis. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:35. [PMID: 37656238 PMCID: PMC11340261 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) has been considered to be a promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. GSK-3 is a family of ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine kinases. GSK-3 isoforms appear to play overlapping, unique, and even opposing functions in the heart. Previously, our group identified that cardiac fibroblast (FB) GSK-3β acts as a negative regulator of fibrotic remodeling in the ischemic heart. However, the role of FB-GSK-3α in MI pathology is not defined. To determine the role of FB-GSK-3α in MI-induced adverse cardiac remodeling, GSK-3α was deleted specifically in the residential fibroblast or myofibroblast (MyoFB) using tamoxifen (TAM) inducible Tcf21 or Periostin (Postn) promoter-driven Cre recombinase, respectively. Echocardiographic analysis revealed that FB- or MyoFB-specific GSK-3α deletion prevented the development of dilative remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Morphometrics and histology studies confirmed improvement in capillary density and a remarkable reduction in hypertrophy and fibrosis in the KO group. We harvested the hearts at 4 weeks post-MI and analyzed signature genes of adverse remodeling. Specifically, qPCR analysis was performed to examine the gene panels of inflammation (TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β), fibrosis (COL1A1, COL3A1, COMP, Fibronectin-1, Latent TGF-β binding protein 2), and hypertrophy (ANP, BNP, MYH7). These molecular markers were essentially normalized due to FB-specific GSK-3α deletion. Further molecular studies confirmed that FB-GSK-3α could regulate NF-kB activation and expression of angiogenesis-related proteins. Our findings suggest that FB-GSK-3α plays a critical role in the pathological cardiac remodeling of ischemic hearts, therefore, it could be therapeutically targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1913, USA.
| | - Suma Ejantkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1913, USA
| | - Sulivette Y Ruiz Ramirez
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1913, USA
| | - Angelica Toro Cora
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1913, USA
| | - Qinkun Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1913, USA
| | - Sultan Tousif
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1913, USA
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB|The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-1913, USA.
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Singh M, Anvekar P, Baraskar B, Pallipamu N, Gadam S, Cherukuri ASS, Damani DN, Kulkarni K, Arunachalam SP. Prospective of Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis Using Cardiac Sensing. J Imaging 2023; 9:149. [PMID: 37623681 PMCID: PMC10455647 DOI: 10.3390/jimaging9080149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic carcinoma (Ca Pancreas) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. The malignancies of the pancreas can be diagnosed with the help of various imaging modalities. An endoscopic ultrasound with a tissue biopsy is so far considered to be the gold standard in terms of the detection of Ca Pancreas, especially for lesions <2 mm. However, other methods, like computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are also conventionally used. Moreover, newer techniques, like proteomics, radiomics, metabolomics, and artificial intelligence (AI), are slowly being introduced for diagnosing pancreatic cancer. Regardless, it is still a challenge to diagnose pancreatic carcinoma non-invasively at an early stage due to its delayed presentation. Similarly, this also makes it difficult to demonstrate an association between Ca Pancreas and other vital organs of the body, such as the heart. A number of studies have proven a correlation between the heart and pancreatic cancer. The tumor of the pancreas affects the heart at the physiological, as well as the molecular, level. An overexpression of the SMAD4 gene; a disruption in biomolecules, such as IGF, MAPK, and ApoE; and increased CA19-9 markers are a few of the many factors that are noted to affect cardiovascular systems with pancreatic malignancies. A comprehensive review of this correlation will aid researchers in conducting studies to help establish a definite relation between the two organs and discover ways to use it for the early detection of Ca Pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansunderbir Singh
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (M.S.); (B.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Priyanka Anvekar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
| | - Bhavana Baraskar
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (M.S.); (B.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Namratha Pallipamu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (M.S.); (B.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Srikanth Gadam
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (M.S.); (B.B.); (N.P.)
| | - Akhila Sai Sree Cherukuri
- GIH Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (GAIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Microwave Engineering and Imaging Laboratory (MEIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Devanshi N. Damani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX 79995, USA
| | - Kanchan Kulkarni
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, U1045, 33000 Bordeaux, France;
- IHU Liryc, Heart Rhythm Disease Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, 33600 Bordeaux, France
| | - Shivaram P. Arunachalam
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (M.S.); (B.B.); (N.P.)
- GIH Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (GAIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Microwave Engineering and Imaging Laboratory (MEIL), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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7
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Su H, Cantrell AC, Chen JX, Gu W, Zeng H. SIRT3 Deficiency Enhances Ferroptosis and Promotes Cardiac Fibrosis via p53 Acetylation. Cells 2023; 12:1428. [PMID: 37408261 PMCID: PMC10217433 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis plays an essential role in the development of diastolic dysfunction and contributes to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Our previous studies suggested Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) as a potential target for cardiac fibrosis and heart failure. In the present study, we explored the role of SIRT3 in cardiac ferroptosis and its contribution to cardiac fibrosis. Our data showed that knockout of SIRT3 resulted in a significant increase in ferroptosis, with increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and downregulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX-4) in the mouse hearts. Overexpression of SIRT3 significantly blunted ferroptosis in response to erastin, a known ferroptosis inducer, in H9c2 myofibroblasts. Knockout of SIRT3 resulted in a significant increase in p53 acetylation. Inhibition of p53 acetylation by C646 significantly alleviated ferroptosis in H9c2 myofibroblasts. To further explore the involvement of p53 acetylation in SIRT3-mediated ferroptosis, we crossed acetylated p53 mutant (p534KR) mice, which cannot activate ferroptosis, with SIRT3KO mice. SIRT3KO/p534KR mice exhibited a significant reduction in ferroptosis and less cardiac fibrosis compared to SIRT3KO mice. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte-specific knockout of SIRT3 (SIRT3-cKO) in mice resulted in a significant increase in ferroptosis and cardiac fibrosis. Treatment of SIRT3-cKO mice with the ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) led to a significant reduction in ferroptosis and cardiac fibrosis. We concluded that SIRT3-mediated cardiac fibrosis was partly through a mechanism involving p53 acetylation-induced ferroptosis in myofibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA (J.-X.C.)
| | - Aubrey C. Cantrell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA (J.-X.C.)
| | - Jian-Xiong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA (J.-X.C.)
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, 1130 Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Heng Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA (J.-X.C.)
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8
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Maleki B, Noureddini M, Saadat S, Verdi J, Farrokhian A, Ghanbarian H, Cheraghi E, Alani B. Effect of miR-18a-5p, miR-19a-3p, and miR-20a-5p on In Vitro Cardiomyocyte Differentiation of Human Endometrium Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Through Regulation of Smad4 Expression. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 12:136-146. [PMID: 37724150 PMCID: PMC10505458 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.12.1.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Background Smad4 regulates the expression of the genes required for heart homeostasis. Regarding the central role of microRNAs in cardiac biology, we investigated the expression of the three Smad4-targeting miRNAs, namely miR-18a-5p, miR-19a-3p, and miR-20a-5p, as well as Smad4 during differentiation of human endometrium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hEMSCs) into cardiomyocytes (CMs). Methods To evaluate mesenchymal phenotype and multi-lineage differentiation ability of hEMSCs, immunophenotyping by flow cytometry and differentiation into osteoblasts and adipocytes were performed, respectively. For transdifferentiation into CMs, hEMSCs were exposed to a cardiomyogenic medium composed of 5-aza and bFGF for 30 days. The comparison between transcriptional expression levels of Nkx2-5, GATA4, Smad4, TNNT2, TBX5, miR-18a-5p, miR-19a-3p, and miR-20a-5p by qRT-PCR, as well as protein levels of Nkx2-5, Smad4, and cTnT by immunofluorescence staining, was conducted in every 6 days. Results In vitro, the mesenchymal stem cell phenotype of hEMSCs and their potency for differentiation into other MSCs were confirmed. Differentiated hEMSCs had morphological characteristics of CMs. The percentage of positive cells for Nkx2-5, Smad4, and cTnT proteins was increased following induction and culminated on the 24th day. Also, mRNA levels of Nkx2-5, GATA4, Smad4, TNNT2, and TBX5 exhibited the same trend. The expression of investigated miRNAs was significantly decreased sequentially. A significant negative correlation between expressions of Smad4 and investigated miRNAs was observed. Conclusion Our results indicate that miR-18a-5p, miR-19a-3p, and miR-20a-5p are involved in the cardiac differentiation propensity of hEMSCs potentially by regulation of Smad levels. Although, more mechanistic experiments are required to confirm this idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Maleki
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mahdi Noureddini
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Somayeh Saadat
- Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Javad Verdi
- Department of Applied Cellular Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Farrokhian
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Hossein Ghanbarian
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Cheraghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.
| | - Behrang Alani
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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9
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Subramaniam G, Schleicher K, Kovanich D, Zerio A, Folkmanaite M, Chao YC, Surdo NC, Koschinski A, Hu J, Scholten A, Heck AJ, Ercu M, Sholokh A, Park KC, Klussmann E, Meraviglia V, Bellin M, Zanivan S, Hester S, Mohammed S, Zaccolo M. Integrated Proteomics Unveils Nuclear PDE3A2 as a Regulator of Cardiac Myocyte Hypertrophy. Circ Res 2023; 132:828-848. [PMID: 36883446 PMCID: PMC10045983 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Signaling by cAMP is organized in multiple distinct subcellular nanodomains regulated by cAMP-hydrolyzing PDEs (phosphodiesterases). Cardiac β-adrenergic signaling has served as the prototypical system to elucidate cAMP compartmentalization. Although studies in cardiac myocytes have provided an understanding of the location and properties of a handful of cAMP subcellular compartments, an overall view of the cellular landscape of cAMP nanodomains is missing. METHODS Here, we combined an integrated phosphoproteomics approach that takes advantage of the unique role that individual PDEs play in the control of local cAMP, with network analysis to identify previously unrecognized cAMP nanodomains associated with β-adrenergic stimulation. We then validated the composition and function of one of these nanodomains using biochemical, pharmacological, and genetic approaches and cardiac myocytes from both rodents and humans. RESULTS We demonstrate the validity of the integrated phosphoproteomic strategy to pinpoint the location and provide critical cues to determine the function of previously unknown cAMP nanodomains. We characterize in detail one such compartment and demonstrate that the PDE3A2 isoform operates in a nuclear nanodomain that involves SMAD4 (SMAD family member 4) and HDAC-1 (histone deacetylase 1). Inhibition of PDE3 results in increased HDAC-1 phosphorylation, leading to inhibition of its deacetylase activity, derepression of gene transcription, and cardiac myocyte hypertrophic growth. CONCLUSIONS We developed a strategy for detailed mapping of subcellular PDE-specific cAMP nanodomains. Our findings reveal a mechanism that explains the negative long-term clinical outcome observed in patients with heart failure treated with PDE3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunasekaran Subramaniam
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Schleicher
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Duangnapa Kovanich
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (D.K., A.S., A.J.R.H.)
- Centre for Vaccine Development, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Thailand (D.K.)
| | - Anna Zerio
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Milda Folkmanaite
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ying-Chi Chao
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicoletta C. Surdo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Now with Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padova (N.C.S.)
| | - Andreas Koschinski
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jianshu Hu
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arjen Scholten
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (D.K., A.S., A.J.R.H.)
| | - Albert J.R. Heck
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, the Netherlands (D.K., A.S., A.J.R.H.)
| | - Maria Ercu
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin (M.E., A.S., E.K.)
| | - Anastasiia Sholokh
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin (M.E., A.S., E.K.)
| | - Kyung Chan Park
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Berlin (M.E., A.S., E.K.)
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (V.M., M.B.)
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (V.M., M.B.)
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Italy (M.B.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy (M.B.)
| | - Sara Zanivan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.Z.)
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (S.Z.)
| | - Svenja Hester
- Department of Biochemistry (S.H., S.M.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shabaz Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry (S.H., S.M.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Manuela Zaccolo
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics (G.S., K.S., D.K., A.Z., M.F., Y.-C.C., N.C.S., A.K., J.H., K.C.P., M.Z.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (M.Z.)
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10
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Tousif S, Singh AP, Umbarkar P, Galindo C, Wheeler N, Coro AT, Zhang Q, Prabhu SD, Lal H. Ponatinib Drives Cardiotoxicity by S100A8/A9-NLRP3-IL-1β Mediated Inflammation. Circ Res 2023; 132:267-289. [PMID: 36625265 PMCID: PMC9898181 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tyrosine kinase inhibitor ponatinib is the only treatment option for chronic myelogenous leukemia patients with T315I (gatekeeper) mutation. Pharmacovigilance analysis of Food and Drug Administration and World Health Organization datasets has revealed that ponatinib is the most cardiotoxic agent among all Food and Drug Administration-approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors in a real-world scenario. However, the mechanism of ponatinib-induced cardiotoxicity is unknown. METHODS The lack of well-optimized mouse models has hampered the in vivo cardio-oncology studies. Here, we show that cardiovascular comorbidity mouse models evidence a robust cardiac pathological phenotype upon ponatinib treatment. A combination of multiple in vitro and in vivo models was employed to delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS An unbiased RNA sequencing analysis identified the enrichment of dysregulated inflammatory genes, including a multifold upregulation of alarmins S100A8/A9, as a top hit in ponatinib-treated hearts. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that ponatinib activates the S100A8/A9-TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4)-NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3)-IL (interleukin)-1β signaling pathway in cardiac and systemic myeloid cells, in vitro and in vivo, thereby leading to excessive myocardial and systemic inflammation. Excessive inflammation was central to the cardiac pathology because interventions with broad-spectrum immunosuppressive glucocorticoid dexamethasone or specific inhibitors of NLRP3 (CY-09) or S100A9 (paquinimod) nearly abolished the ponatinib-induced cardiac dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings uncover a novel mechanism of ponatinib-induced cardiac inflammation leading to cardiac dysfunction. From a translational perspective, our results provide critical preclinical data and rationale for a clinical investigation into immunosuppressive interventions for managing ponatinib-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Tousif
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB | The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Anand P. Singh
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB | The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Prachi Umbarkar
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB | The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Cristi Galindo
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA35294-1913, USA
| | - Nicholas Wheeler
- Department of Biology, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA35294-1913, USA
| | - Angelica Toro Coro
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB | The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Qinkun Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB | The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Sumanth D. Prabhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, UAB | The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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11
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Totoń-Żurańska J, Sulicka-Grodzicka J, Seweryn MT, Pitera E, Kapusta P, Konieczny P, Drabik L, Kołton-Wróż M, Chyrchel B, Nowak E, Surdacki A, Grodzicki T, Wołkow PP. MicroRNA composition of plasma extracellular vesicles: a harbinger of late cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin. Mol Med 2022; 28:156. [PMID: 36517751 PMCID: PMC9753431 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of doxorubicin is associated with an increased risk of acute and long-term cardiomyopathy. Despite the constantly growing number of cancer survivors, little is known about the transcriptional mechanisms which progress in the time leading to a severe cardiac outcome. It is also unclear whether long-term transcriptomic alterations related to doxorubicin use are similar to transcriptomic patterns present in patients suffering from other cardiomyopathies. METHODS We have sequenced miRNA from total plasma and extracellular vesicles (EVs) from 66 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors and 61 healthy controls (254 samples in total). We then analyzed processes regulated by differentially expressed circulating miRNAs and cross-validated results with the data of patients with clinically manifested cardiomyopathies. RESULTS We found that especially miRNAs contained within EVs may be informative in terms of cardiomyopathy development and may regulate pathways related to neurotrophin signaling, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) or epidermal growth factor receptors (ErbB). We identified vesicular miR-144-3p and miR-423-3p as the most variable between groups and significantly correlated with echocardiographic parameters and, respectively, for plasma: let-7g-5p and miR-16-2-3p. Moreover, vesicular miR-144-3p correlates with the highest number of echocardiographic parameters and is differentially expressed in the circulation of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. We also found that distribution of particular miRNAs between of plasma and EVs (proportion between compartments) e.g., miR-184 in ALL, is altered, suggesting changes within secretory and miRNA sorting mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that transcriptomic changes resulting from doxorubicin induced myocardial injury are reflected in circulating miRNA levels and precede development of the late onset cardiomyopathy phenotype. Among miRNAs related to cardiac function, we found vesicular miR-144-3p and miR-423-3p, as well as let-7g-5p and miR-16-2-3p contained in the total plasma. Selection of source for such studies (plasma or EVs) is of critical importance, as distribution of some miRNA between plasma and EVs is altered in ALL survivors, in comparison to healthy people, which suggests that doxorubicin-induced changes include miRNA sorting and export to extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Totoń-Żurańska
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Sulicka-Grodzicka
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Rheumatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał T. Seweryn
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland ,grid.261331.40000 0001 2285 7943Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Pharmacogenomics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Ewelina Pitera
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kapusta
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł Konieczny
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Leszek Drabik
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Medical College and John Paul II Hospital, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland ,grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Kołton-Wróż
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Chyrchel
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Second Department of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Nowak
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Surdacki
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Second Department of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Grodzicki
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Internal Medicine and Gerontology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paweł P. Wołkow
- grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7C, 31-034 Krakow, Poland ,grid.5522.00000 0001 2162 9631Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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12
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Genetic Disruption of Guanylyl Cyclase/Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-A Triggers Differential Cardiac Fibrosis and Disorders in Male and Female Mutant Mice: Role of TGF-β1/SMAD Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911487. [PMID: 36232788 PMCID: PMC9569686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The global targeted disruption of the natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPRA) gene (Npr1) in mice provokes hypertension and cardiovascular dysfunction. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms regulating the development of cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in Npr1 mutant mice. Npr1 knockout (Npr1-/-, 0-copy), heterozygous (Npr1+/-, 1-copy), and wild-type (Npr1+/+, 2-copy) mice were treated with the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 receptor (TGF-β1R) antagonist GW788388 (2 µg/g body weight/day; ip) for 28 days. Hearts were isolated and used for real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemical analyses. The Npr1-/- (0-copy) mice showed a 6-fold induction of cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction with markedly induced expressions of collagen-1α (3.8-fold), monocyte chemoattractant protein (3.7-fold), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, 5.3-fold), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, 6.1-fold), TGF-βRI (4.3-fold), TGF-βRII (4.7-fold), and phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic (pSMAD) proteins, including pSMAD-2 (3.2-fold) and pSMAD-3 (3.7-fold), compared with wild-type mice. The expressions of phosphorylated extracellular-regulated kinase ERK1/2 (pERK1/2), matrix metalloproteinases-2, -9, (MMP-2, -9), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were also significantly upregulated in Npr1 0-copy mice. The treatment of mutant mice with GW788388 significantly blocked the expression of fibrotic markers, SMAD proteins, MMPs, and PCNA compared with the vehicle-treated control mice. The treatment with GW788388 significantly prevented cardiac dysfunctions in a sex-dependent manner in Npr1 0-copy and 1-copy mutant mice. The results suggest that the development of cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in mutant mice is predominantly regulated through the TGF-β1-mediated SMAD-dependent pathway.
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13
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Mahapatra S, Sharma MVR, Brownson B, Gallicano VE, Gallicano GI. Cardiac inducing colonies halt fibroblast activation and induce cardiac/endothelial cells to move and expand via paracrine signaling. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar96. [PMID: 35653297 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-02-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF), a common event that develops after myocardial infarction, initially is a reparative process but eventually leads to heart failure and sudden cardiac arrest. In MF, the infarct area is replaced by a collagenous-based scar induced by "excessive" collagen deposition from activated cardiac fibroblasts. The scar prevents ventricular wall thinning; however, over time it expands to noninfarcted myocardium. Therapies to prevent fibrosis include reperfusion, anti-fibrotic agents, and ACE inhibitors. Paracrine factor (PF)/stem cell research has recently gained significance as a therapy. We consistently find that cardiac inducing colonies (CiCs) (derived from human germline pluripotent stem cells) secrete PFs at physiologically relevant concentrations that suppress cardiac fibroblast activation and excessive extracellular matrix protein secretion. These factors also affect human cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells by inducing migration/proliferation of both populations into a myocardial wound model. Finally, CiC factors modulate matrix turnover and proinflammation. Taking the results together, we show that CiCs could help tip the balance from fibrosis toward repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Mahapatra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057-145
| | | | - Breanna Brownson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057-145.,Rye High School, Rye, NY 10580
| | - Vaughn E Gallicano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057-145.,Thomas Edison High School, Alexandria, VA 22310
| | - G Ian Gallicano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057-145
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14
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Ramli FF, Hashim SAS, Raman B, Mahmod M, Kamisah Y. Role of Trientine in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Review of Mechanistic Aspects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1145. [PMID: 36145368 PMCID: PMC9505553 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormality in myocardial copper homeostasis is believed to contribute to the development of cardiomyopathy. Trientine, a copper-chelating drug used in the management of patients with Wilson's disease, demonstrates beneficial effects in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This review aims to present the updated development of the roles of trientine in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The drug has been demonstrated in animal studies to restore myocardial intracellular copper content. However, its mechanisms for improving the medical condition remain unclear. Thus, comprehending its mechanistic aspects in cardiomyopathy is crucial and could help to expedite future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitri Fareez Ramli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Clinical Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Syed Alhafiz Syed Hashim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Betty Raman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Masliza Mahmod
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yusof Kamisah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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15
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Sun Y, Wu W, Zhao Q, Jiang R, Li J, Wang L, Xia S, Liu M, Gong S, Liu J, Yuan P. CircGSAP regulates the cell cycle of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells via the miR-942-5p sponge in pulmonary hypertension. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:967708. [PMID: 36060794 PMCID: PMC9428790 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.967708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently demonstrated that circGSAP was diminished in lung tissues from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and in hypoxia-induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs). However, the underlying role of circGSAP in PMECs remains unknown. The study aimed to investigate the contribution of circGSAP to proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of PMECs in hypoxic environment and explore the mechanism.Methods The expression of circGSAP was quantified by real-time PCR or immunofluorescence in human lung tissue and PMECs. CircGSAP plasmid, circGSAP small interfering RNA (siRNA), miRNA inhibitor and target gene siRNA were synthesized to verify the role of circGSAP on regulating the proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of PMECs.Results CircGSAP levels were decreased in lungs and plasma of patients with pulmonary hypertension second to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD-PH) and were associated with poor outcomes of COPD-PH patients. Upregulation of circGSAP inhibited proliferation, apoptosis resistance and G1/S transition of PMECs. Dual luciferase reporter assays showed that circGSAP acted as a competitive endogenous RNA regulating miR-942-5p, and identified SMAD4 as a target gene of miR-942-5p, Then, we verified the functions of miR-942-5p and SMAD4 in PMECs. In addition, the effect of circGSAP siRNA on PMECs was mitigated by transfection of miR-942-5p inhibitor, and the effect of miR-942-5p inhibitor on PMECs was inhibited by SMAD4 siRNA.Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that diminished circGSAP accelerated cell cycle to facilitate cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance through competitively binding miR-942-5p to modulate SMAD4 expressions in hypoxia-induced PMECs, indicating potential therapeutic strategies for PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhui Wu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinhua Zhao
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinling Li
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijin Xia
- Department of Shanghai Institute of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingjie Liu
- Department of Lung Function, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Sugang Gong
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jinming Liu, ; Ping Yuan,
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jinming Liu, ; Ping Yuan,
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16
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Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) isoforms are upregulated and activated in myocardial diseases and have an important role in cardiac repair and remodelling, regulating the phenotype and function of cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, immune cells and vascular cells. Cardiac injury triggers the generation of bioactive TGFβ from latent stores, through mechanisms involving proteases, integrins and specialized extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Activated TGFβ signals through the SMAD intracellular effectors or through non-SMAD cascades. In the infarcted heart, the anti-inflammatory and fibroblast-activating actions of TGFβ have an important role in repair; however, excessive or prolonged TGFβ signalling accentuates adverse remodelling, contributing to cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac pressure overload also activates TGFβ cascades, which initially can have a protective role, promoting an ECM-preserving phenotype in fibroblasts and preventing the generation of injurious, pro-inflammatory ECM fragments. However, prolonged and overactive TGFβ signalling in pressure-overloaded cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts can promote cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. In the atria, TGFβ-mediated fibrosis can contribute to the pathogenic substrate for atrial fibrillation. Overactive or dysregulated TGFβ responses have also been implicated in cardiac ageing and in the pathogenesis of diabetic, genetic and inflammatory cardiomyopathies. This Review summarizes the current evidence on the role of TGFβ signalling in myocardial diseases, focusing on cellular targets and molecular mechanisms, and discussing challenges and opportunities for therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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Osmak G, Baulina N, Kiselev I, Favorova O. MiRNA-Regulated Pathways for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Network-Based Approach to Insight into Pathogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12122016. [PMID: 34946964 PMCID: PMC8701189 DOI: 10.3390/genes12122016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common hereditary heart disease. The wide spread of high-throughput sequencing casts doubt on its monogenic nature, suggesting the presence of mechanisms of HCM development independent from mutations in sarcomeric genes. From this point of view, HCM may arise from the interactions of several HCM-associated genes, and from disturbance of regulation of their expression. We developed a bioinformatic workflow to study the involvement of signaling pathways in HCM development through analyzing data on human heart-specific gene expression, miRNA-target gene interactions, and protein-protein interactions, available in open databases. Genes regulated by a pool of miRNAs contributing to human cardiac hypertrophy, namely hsa-miR-1-3p, hsa-miR-19b-3p, hsa-miR-21-5p, hsa-miR-29a-3p, hsa-miR-93-5p, hsa-miR-133a-3p, hsa-miR-155-5p, hsa-miR-199a-3p, hsa-miR-221-3p, hsa-miR-222-3p, hsa-miR-451a, and hsa-miR-497-5p, were considered. As a result, we pinpointed a module of TGFβ-mediated SMAD signaling pathways, enriched by targets of the selected miRNAs, that may contribute to the cardiac remodeling in HCM. We suggest that the developed network-based approach could be useful in providing a more accurate glimpse on pathological processes in the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- German Osmak
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disorders, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (I.K.); (O.F.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalia Baulina
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disorders, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (I.K.); (O.F.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan Kiselev
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disorders, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (I.K.); (O.F.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Favorova
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Cardiovascular Disorders, National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (N.B.); (I.K.); (O.F.)
- Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Schlecht A, Vallon M, Wagner N, Ergün S, Braunger BM. TGFβ-Neurotrophin Interactions in Heart, Retina, and Brain. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091360. [PMID: 34572573 PMCID: PMC8464756 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic insults to the heart and brain, i.e., myocardial and cerebral infarction, respectively, are amongst the leading causes of death worldwide. While there are therapeutic options to allow reperfusion of ischemic myocardial and brain tissue by reopening obstructed vessels, mitigating primary tissue damage, post-infarction inflammation and tissue remodeling can lead to secondary tissue damage. Similarly, ischemia in retinal tissue is the driving force in the progression of neovascular eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which eventually lead to functional blindness, if left untreated. Intriguingly, the easily observable retinal blood vessels can be used as a window to the heart and brain to allow judgement of microvascular damages in diseases such as diabetes or hypertension. The complex neuronal and endocrine interactions between heart, retina and brain have also been appreciated in myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and retinal diseases. To describe the intimate relationship between the individual tissues, we use the terms heart-brain and brain-retina axis in this review and focus on the role of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and neurotrophins in regulation of these axes under physiologic and pathologic conditions. Moreover, we particularly discuss their roles in inflammation and repair following ischemic/neovascular insults. As there is evidence that TGFβ signaling has the potential to regulate expression of neurotrophins, it is tempting to speculate, and is discussed here, that cross-talk between TGFβ and neurotrophin signaling protects cells from harmful and/or damaging events in the heart, retina, and brain.
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Ruhr I, Bierstedt J, Rhen T, Das D, Singh SK, Miller S, Crossley DA, Galli GLJ. Developmental programming of DNA methylation and gene expression patterns is associated with extreme cardiovascular tolerance to anoxia in the common snapping turtle. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:42. [PMID: 34488850 PMCID: PMC8420019 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental fluctuation during embryonic and fetal development can permanently alter an organism’s morphology, physiology, and behaviour. This phenomenon, known as developmental plasticity, is particularly relevant to reptiles that develop in subterranean nests with variable oxygen tensions. Previous work has shown hypoxia permanently alters the cardiovascular system of snapping turtles and may improve cardiac anoxia tolerance later in life. The mechanisms driving this process are unknown but may involve epigenetic regulation of gene expression via DNA methylation. To test this hypothesis, we assessed in situ cardiac performance during 2 h of acute anoxia in juvenile turtles previously exposed to normoxia (21% oxygen) or hypoxia (10% oxygen) during embryogenesis. Next, we analysed DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in turtles from the same cohorts using whole genome bisulfite sequencing, which represents the first high-resolution investigation of DNA methylation patterns in any reptilian species. Results Genome-wide correlations between CpG and CpG island methylation and gene expression patterns in the snapping turtle were consistent with patterns observed in mammals. As hypothesized, developmental hypoxia increased juvenile turtle cardiac anoxia tolerance and programmed DNA methylation and gene expression patterns. Programmed differences in expression of genes such as SCN5A may account for differences in heart rate, while genes such as TNNT2 and TPM3 may underlie differences in calcium sensitivity and contractility of cardiomyocytes and cardiac inotropy. Finally, we identified putative transcription factor-binding sites in promoters and in differentially methylated CpG islands that suggest a model linking programming of DNA methylation during embryogenesis to differential gene expression and cardiovascular physiology later in life. Binding sites for hypoxia inducible factors (HIF1A, ARNT, and EPAS1) and key transcription factors activated by MAPK and BMP signaling (RREB1 and SMAD4) are implicated. Conclusions Our data strongly suggests that DNA methylation plays a conserved role in the regulation of gene expression in reptiles. We also show that embryonic hypoxia programs DNA methylation and gene expression patterns and that these changes are associated with enhanced cardiac anoxia tolerance later in life. Programming of cardiac anoxia tolerance has major ecological implications for snapping turtles, because these animals regularly exploit anoxic environments throughout their lifespan. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13072-021-00414-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Ruhr
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
| | - Jacob Bierstedt
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Turk Rhen
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA.
| | - Debojyoti Das
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Soleille Miller
- Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, 58202, USA
| | - Dane A Crossley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
| | - Gina L J Galli
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK
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20
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Repurposing Nintedanib for pathological cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Pharmacol Res 2021; 169:105605. [PMID: 33965510 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Heart Failure (HF) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Myocardial fibrosis, one of the clinical manifestations implicated in almost every form of heart disease, contributes significantly to HF development. However, there is no approved drug specifically designed to target cardiac fibrosis. Nintedanib (NTB) is an FDA approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILD). The favorable clinical outcome of NTB in IPF patients is well established. Furthermore, NTB is well tolerated in IPF patients irrespective of cardiovascular comorbidities. However, there is a lack of direct evidence to support the therapeutic efficacy and safety of NTB in cardiac diseases. In this study we examined the effects of NTB treatment on cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction using a murine model of HF. Specifically, 10 weeks old C57BL/6J male mice were subjected to Transverse Aortic Constriction (TAC) surgery. NTB was administered once daily by oral gavage (50 mg/kg) till 16 weeks post-TAC. Cardiac function was monitored by serial echocardiography. Histological analysis and morphometric studies were performed at 16 weeks post-TAC. In the control group, systolic dysfunction started developing from 4 weeks post-surgery and progressed till 16 weeks. However, NTB treatment prevented TAC-induced cardiac functional decline. In another experiment, NTB treatment was stopped at 8 weeks, and animals were followed till 16 weeks post-TAC. Surprisingly, NTB's beneficial effect on cardiac function was maintained even after treatment interruption. NTB treatment remarkably reduced cardiac fibrosis as confirmed by Masson's trichrome staining and decreased expression of collagen genes (COL1A1, COL3A1). Compared to the TAC group, NTB treated mice showed a lower HW/TL ratio and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area. NTB treatment reduced myocardial and systemic inflammation by inhibiting pro-inflammatory subsets and promoting regulatory T cells (Tregs). Our in vitro studies demonstrated that NTB prevents myofibroblast transformation, TGFβ1-induced SMAD3 phosphorylation, and the production of fibrogenic proteins (Fibronectin-1, α-SMA). However, NTB promoted immunosuppressive phenotype in Tregs, and altered vital signaling pathways in isolated cardiac fibroblast and cardiomyocytes, suggesting that its biological effect and underlying cardiac protection mechanisms are not limited to fibroblast and fibrosis alone. Our findings provide a proof of concept for repurposing NTB to combat adverse myocardial fibrosis and encourage the need for further validation in large animal models and subsequent clinical development for HF patients.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The loss of contractile function after heart injury remains one of the major healthcare issues of our time. One strategy to deal with this problem would be to increase the number of cardiomyocytes to enhance cardiac function. In the last couple of years, reactivation of cardiomyocyte proliferation has repeatedly demonstrated to aid in functional recovery after cardiac injury. RECENT FINDINGS The Tgf-β superfamily plays key roles during development of the heart and populating the embryonic heart with cardiomyocytes. In this review, we discuss the role of Tgf-β signaling in regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation during development and in the setting of cardiac regeneration. Although various pathways to induce cardiomyocyte proliferation have been established, the extent to which cardiomyocyte proliferation requires or involves activation of the Tgf-β superfamily is not entirely clear. More research is needed to better understand cross-talk between pathways that regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Sorensen
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jop H van Berlo
- Lillehei Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Integrative Biology and Physiology graduate program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. .,Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2231 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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22
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Guignabert C, Humbert M. Targeting transforming growth factor-β receptors in pulmonary hypertension. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.02341-2020. [PMID: 32817256 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02341-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily includes several groups of multifunctional proteins that form two major branches, namely the TGF-β-activin-nodal branch and the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-growth differentiation factor (GDF) branch. The response to the activation of these two branches, acting through canonical (small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) 2/3 and Smad 1/5/8, respectively) and noncanonical signalling pathways, are diverse and vary for different environmental conditions and cell types. An extensive body of data gathered in recent years has demonstrated a central role for the cross-talk between these two branches in a number of cellular processes, which include the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as the transduction of signalling cascades for the development and maintenance of different tissues and organs. Importantly, alterations in these pathways, which include heterozygous germline mutations and/or alterations in the expression of several constitutive members, have been identified in patients with familial/heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or idiopathic PAH (IPAH). Consequently, loss or dysfunction in the delicate, finely-tuned balance between the TGF-β-activin-nodal branch and the BMP-GDF branch are currently viewed as the major molecular defect playing a critical role in PAH predisposition and disease progression. Here we review the role of the TGF-β-activin-nodal branch in PAH and illustrate how this knowledge has not only provided insight into understanding its pathogenesis, but has also paved the way for possible novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Guignabert
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999 (Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies), Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM UMR_S 999 (Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies), Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Dept of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, French Pulmonary Hypertension Reference Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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23
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Chen J, Dang J. LncRNA CASC11 was downregulated in coronary artery disease and inhibits transforming growth factor- β1. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060519889187. [PMID: 32223575 PMCID: PMC7133399 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519889187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the involvement of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) Cancer Susceptibility 11 (CASC11) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods This case–control study enrolled patients with CAD and age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. The plasma levels of lncRNA CASC11 and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) were measured. Diagnostic values of lncRNA CASC11 and TGF-β1 for CAD were determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Correlations between plasma levels of lncRNA CASC11 and TGF-β1 were analysed using linear regression. Results The study enrolled 82 patients with CAD and 82 healthy controls. Plasma levels of lncRNA CASC11 were downregulated in patients with CAD, while plasma TGF-β1 levels were upregulated in patients with CAD, compared with healthy controls. Plasma levels of lncRNA CASC11 and TGF-β1 distinguished patients with CAD from healthy controls and were inversely correlated in both groups. LncRNA CASC11 over-expression mediated the downregulation of TGF-β1 in human primary coronary artery endothelial cells, while TGF-β1 over-expression showed no significant effects on lncRNA CASC11 levels. An 8-year follow-up study showed that low lncRNA CASC11 levels were closely correlated with a higher mortality rate in patients with CAD. Conclusion LncRNA CASC11 is downregulated in CAD and inhibits TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xinjiang Armed Police Corps Hospital, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Province, China
| | - Jianli Dang
- Outpatient Department of the Health and Medical Centre of the People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Province, China
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24
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Reichardt IM, Robeson KZ, Regnier M, Davis J. Controlling cardiac fibrosis through fibroblast state space modulation. Cell Signal 2020; 79:109888. [PMID: 33340659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The transdifferentiation of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts after cardiac injury has traditionally been defined by a unidirectional continuum from quiescent fibroblasts, through activated fibroblasts, and finally to fibrotic-matrix producing myofibroblasts. However, recent lineage tracing and single cell RNA sequencing experiments have demonstrated that fibroblast transdifferentiation is much more complex. Growing evidence suggests that fibroblasts are more heterogenous than previously thought, and many new cell states have recently been identified. This review reexamines conventional fibroblast transdifferentiation paradigms with a dynamic state space lens, which could enable a more complex understanding of how fibroblast state dynamics alters fibrotic remodeling of the heart. This review will define cellular state space, how it relates to fibroblast state transitions, and how the canonical and non-canonical fibrotic signaling pathways modulate fibroblast cell state and cardiac fibrosis. Finally, this review explores the therapeutic potential of fibroblast state space modulation by p38 inhibition, yes-associated protein (YAP) inhibition, and fibroblast reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella M Reichardt
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States.
| | - Kalen Z Robeson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States.
| | - Michael Regnier
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, United States; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, 850 Republican, #343, Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States; Center for Translational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, United States.
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25
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Identification of Genetic Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction Compared with Angina Patients. Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 2020:8535314. [PMID: 33224271 PMCID: PMC7671815 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8535314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most terrible appearance of cardiovascular disease. The incidence of heart failure, one of the complications of MI, has increased in the past few decades. Therefore, the identification of MI from angina patients and the determination of new diagnoses and therapies of MI are increasingly important. The present study was aimed at identifying differentially expressed genes and miRNAs as biomarkers for the clinical and prognosis factors of MI compared with angina using microarray data analysis. Methods Differentially expressed miRNAs and genes were manifested by GEO2R. The biological function of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was examined by GO and KEGG. The construction of a protein-protein network was explored by STRING. cytoHubba was utilized to screen hub genes. Analysis of miRNA-gene pairs was executed by the miRWalk 3.0 database. The miRNA-target pairs overlapped with hub genes were seen as key genes. Logistic regressive analysis was performed by SPSS. Results A number of 779 DEGs were recorded. The biological function containing extracellular components, signaling pathways, and cell adhesion was enriched. Twenty-four hub genes and three differentially expressed miRNAs were noted. Eight key genes were demonstrated, and 6 out of these 8 key genes were significantly related to clinical and prognosis factors following MI. Conclusions CALCA, CDK6, MDM2, NRXN1, SOCS3, VEGFA, SMAD4, NCAM1, and hsa-miR-127-5p were thought to be potential diagnosis biomarkers for MI. Meanwhile, CALCA, CDK6, NRXN1, SMAD4, SOCS3, and NCAM1 were further identified to be potential diagnosis and therapy targets for MI.
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Hanna A, Humeres C, Frangogiannis NG. The role of Smad signaling cascades in cardiac fibrosis. Cell Signal 2020; 77:109826. [PMID: 33160018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Most myocardial pathologic conditions are associated with cardiac fibrosis, the expansion of the cardiac interstitium through deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Although replacement fibrosis plays a reparative role after myocardial infarction, excessive, unrestrained or dysregulated myocardial ECM deposition is associated with ventricular dysfunction, dysrhythmias and adverse prognosis in patients with heart failure. The members of the Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β superfamily are critical regulators of cardiac repair, remodeling and fibrosis. TGF-βs are released and activated in injured tissues, bind to their receptors and transduce signals in part through activation of cascades involving a family of intracellular effectors the receptor-activated Smads (R-Smads). This review manuscript summarizes our knowledge on the role of Smad signaling cascades in cardiac fibrosis. Smad3, the best-characterized member of the family plays a critical role in activation of a myofibroblast phenotype, stimulation of ECM synthesis, integrin expression and secretion of proteases and anti-proteases. In vivo, fibroblast Smad3 signaling is critically involved in scar organization and exerts matrix-preserving actions. Although Smad2 also regulates fibroblast function in vitro, its in vivo role in rodent models of cardiac fibrosis seems more limited. Very limited information is available on the potential involvement of the Smad1/5/8 cascade in cardiac fibrosis. Dissection of the cellular actions of Smads in cardiac fibrosis, and identification of patient subsets with overactive or dysregulated myocardial Smad-dependent fibrogenic responses are critical for design of successful therapeutic strategies in patients with fibrosis-associated heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Hanna
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Claudio Humeres
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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27
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Sweeney M, Corden B, Cook SA. Targeting cardiac fibrosis in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: mirage or miracle? EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10865. [PMID: 32955172 PMCID: PMC7539225 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is central to the pathology of heart failure, particularly heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Irrespective of the underlying profibrotic condition (e.g. ageing, diabetes, hypertension), maladaptive cardiac fibrosis is defined by the transformation of resident fibroblasts to matrix-secreting myofibroblasts. Numerous profibrotic factors have been identified at the molecular level (e.g. TGFβ, IL11, AngII), which activate gene expression programs for myofibroblast activation. A number of existing HF therapies indirectly target fibrotic pathways; however, despite multiple clinical trials in HFpEF, a specific clinically effective antifibrotic therapy remains elusive. Therapeutic inhibition of TGFβ, the master-regulator of fibrosis, has unfortunately proven toxic and ineffective in clinical trials to date, and new approaches are needed. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology and clinical implications of interstitial fibrosis in HFpEF. We provide an overview of trials targeting fibrosis in HFpEF to date and discuss the promise of potential new therapeutic approaches and targets in the context of underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sweeney
- MRC‐London Institute of Medical SciencesHammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUK
- Wellcome Trust 4i/NIHR Clinical Research FellowImperial CollegeLondonUK
| | - Ben Corden
- MRC‐London Institute of Medical SciencesHammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUK
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Stuart A Cook
- MRC‐London Institute of Medical SciencesHammersmith Hospital CampusLondonUK
- National Heart Research Institute SingaporeNational Heart Centre SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders ProgramDuke‐National University of Singapore Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- National Heart and Lung InstituteImperial College LondonLondonUK
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28
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Di RM, Yang CX, Zhao CM, Yuan F, Qiao Q, Gu JN, Li XM, Xu YJ, Yang YQ. Identification and functional characterization of KLF5 as a novel disease gene responsible for familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur J Med Genet 2020; 63:103827. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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29
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Ramugounder R. The impact of p38 MAPK, 5-HT/DA/E signaling pathways in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases and heart failure in type 1 diabetes. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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30
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Ranjan P, Kumari R, Verma SK. Cardiac Fibroblasts and Cardiac Fibrosis: Precise Role of Exosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:318. [PMID: 31867328 PMCID: PMC6904280 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a group of extracellular microvesicles that deliver biologically active RNAs, proteins, lipids and other signaling molecules to recipient cells. Classically, exosomes act as a vehicle by which cells or organs communicate with each other to maintain cellular/tissue homeostasis and to respond to pathological stress. Most multicellular systems, including the cardiovascular system, use exosomes for intercellular communication. In heart, endogenous exosomes from cardiac cells or stem cells aid in regulation of cell survival, cell proliferation and cell death; and thus tightly regulate cardiac biology and repair processes. Pathological stimulus in heart alters secretion and molecular composition of exosomes, thus influencing the above processes. The past decade has yielded increasing interest in the role of exosomes in the cardiovascular system and significant contribution of cardiac fibroblast (CF) and mediated cardiac fibrosis in heart failure, in this review we had overviewed the relevant literatures about fibroblast exosomes, its effect in the cardiovascular biology and its impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD). This review briefly describes the communication between fibroblasts and other cardiac cells via exosomes, the influence of such on myocardial fibrosis and remodeling, and the possibilities to use exosomes as biomarkers for acute and chronic heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Ranjan
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rajesh Kumari
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Suresh Kumar Verma
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Guo Y, Sui JY, Kim K, Zhang Z, Qu XA, Nam YJ, Willette RN, Barnett JV, Knollmann BC, Force T, Lal H. Cardiomyocyte Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 2 Maintains Basal Cardiac Function via Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Signaling. Circulation 2019; 140:1820-1833. [PMID: 31581792 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.040740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac kinases play a critical role in the development of heart failure, and represent potential tractable therapeutic targets. However, only a very small fraction of the cardiac kinome has been investigated. To identify novel cardiac kinases involved in heart failure, we used an integrated transcriptomics and bioinformatics analysis and identified Homeodomain-Interacting Protein Kinase 2 (HIPK2) as a novel candidate kinase. The role of HIPK2 in cardiac biology is unknown. METHODS We used the Expression2Kinase algorithm for the screening of kinase targets. To determine the role of HIPK2 in the heart, we generated cardiomyocyte (CM)-specific HIPK2 knockout and heterozygous mice. Heart function was examined by echocardiography, and related cellular and molecular mechanisms were examined. Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 carrying cardiac-specific constitutively active MEK1 (TnT-MEK1-CA) was administrated to rescue cardiac dysfunction in CM-HIPK2 knockout mice. RESULTS To our knowledge, this is the first study to define the role of HIPK2 in cardiac biology. Using multiple HIPK2 loss-of-function mouse models, we demonstrated that reduction of HIPK2 in CMs leads to cardiac dysfunction, suggesting a causal role in heart failure. It is important to note that cardiac dysfunction in HIPK2 knockout mice developed with advancing age, but not during development. In addition, CM-HIPK2 knockout mice and CM-HIPK2 heterozygous mice exhibited a gene dose-response relationship of CM-HIPK2 on heart function. HIPK2 expression in the heart was significantly reduced in human end-stage ischemic cardiomyopathy in comparison to nonfailing myocardium, suggesting a clinical relevance of HIPK2 in cardiac biology. In vitro studies with neonatal rat ventricular CMscorroborated the in vivo findings. Specifically, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of HIPK2 suppressed the expression of heart failure markers, NPPA and NPPB, at basal condition and abolished phenylephrine-induced pathological gene expression. An array of mechanistic studies revealed impaired extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling in HIPK2-deficient hearts. An in vivo rescue experiment with adeno-associated virus serotype 9 TnT-MEK1-CA nearly abolished the detrimental phenotype of knockout mice, suggesting that impaired extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling mediated apoptosis as the key factor driving the detrimental phenotype in CM-HIPK2 knockout mice hearts. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings suggest that CM-HIPK2 is required to maintain normal cardiac function via extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Guo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.G., J.Y.S., Z.Z., Y.-J.N., T.F., H.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (Y. Guo, J.V.B.)
| | - Jennifer Y Sui
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.G., J.Y.S., Z.Z., Y.-J.N., T.F., H.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Kyungsoo Kim
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (K.K., B.C.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.G., J.Y.S., Z.Z., Y.-J.N., T.F., H.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (Z.Z., Y.-J.N.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology (Z.Z., Y.-J.N.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Xiaoyan A Qu
- PAREXEL International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC (X.A.Q.)
| | - Young-Jae Nam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.G., J.Y.S., Z.Z., Y.-J.N., T.F., H.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology (Z.Z., Y.-J.N.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN.,Vanderbilt Center for Stem Cell Biology (Z.Z., Y.-J.N.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Robert N Willette
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapeutic Area GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, PA (R.N.W.)
| | - Joey V Barnett
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (Y. Guo, J.V.B.)
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology (K.K., B.C.K.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Thomas Force
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.G., J.Y.S., Z.Z., Y.-J.N., T.F., H.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Hind Lal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine (Y.G., J.Y.S., Z.Z., Y.-J.N., T.F., H.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.,Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL (H.L.)
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Hanna A, Frangogiannis NG. The Role of the TGF-β Superfamily in Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2019; 6:140. [PMID: 31620450 PMCID: PMC6760019 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2019.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily are essential regulators of cell differentiation, phenotype and function, and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Myocardial infarction is associated with induction of several members of the superfamily, including TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2, BMP-4, BMP-10, growth differentiation factor (GDF)-8, GDF-11 and activin A. This manuscript reviews our current knowledge on the patterns and mechanisms of regulation and activation of TGF-β superfamily members in the infarcted heart, and discusses their cellular actions and downstream signaling mechanisms. In the infarcted heart, TGF-β isoforms modulate cardiomyocyte survival and hypertrophic responses, critically regulate immune cell function, activate fibroblasts, and stimulate a matrix-preserving program. BMP subfamily members have been suggested to exert both pro- and anti-inflammatory actions and may regulate fibrosis. Members of the GDF subfamily may also modulate survival and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and regulate inflammation. Important actions of TGF-β superfamily members may be mediated through activation of Smad-dependent or non-Smad pathways. The critical role of TGF-β signaling cascades in cardiac repair, remodeling, fibrosis, and regeneration may suggest attractive therapeutic targets for myocardial infarction patients. However, the pleiotropic, cell-specific, and context-dependent actions of TGF-β superfamily members pose major challenges in therapeutic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Hanna
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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