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Abstract
Catheter-based neuromodulation of intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system is increasingly being used to improve outcomes in patients with vasovagal syncope and bradyarrhythmias caused by vagal overactivity. However, there is still no consensus for patient selection, technical steps, and procedural end points. This review takes the reader on a practical exploration of neuromodulation for bradyarrhythmias, concentrating on the critical aspects of proper patient selection, evidence-based insights, and anatomic intricacies within the intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system. Also discussed are different mapping techniques and outcome measures. Future directions to optimize the utilization of this technique in clinical practice are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Khan
- Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1717 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Henry D Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, 1717 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tolga Aksu
- Department of Cardiology, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul 34100, Turkey.
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2
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Zuhair M, Keene D, Kanagaratnam P, Lim PB. Percutaneous Neuromodulation for Atrial Fibrillation. Card Electrophysiol Clin 2024; 16:281-296. [PMID: 39084721 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccep.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Percutaneous neuromodulation is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach for atrial fibrillation (AF). This article explores techniques such as ganglionated plexi (GP) ablation, and vagus nerve stimulation, pinpointing their potential in modulating AF triggers and maintenance. Noninvasive methods, such as transcutaneous low-level tragus stimulation, offer innovative treatment pathways, with early trials indicating a significant reduction in AF burden. GP ablation may address autonomic triggers, and the potential for GP ablation in neuromodulation is discussed. The article stresses the necessity for more rigorous clinical trials to validate the safety, reproducibility, and efficacy of these neuromodulation techniques in AF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zuhair
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12, UK.
| | - Daniel Keene
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12, UK
| | - Prapa Kanagaratnam
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12, UK
| | - Phang Boon Lim
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12, UK
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3
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Keane S, Patel D, Otto B, Englander L, Kumareswaran R, Lin D, Riley MP, Nazarian S, Marchlinski FE, Markman TM. Incidental ablation of ganglionated plexus during atrial fibrillation ablation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2024:10.1007/s10840-024-01886-9. [PMID: 39066979 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-024-01886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardioneuroablation targeting the autonomic nerves within ganglionated plexus (GP) has been used to treat atrial fibrillation (AF). Incidental cardioneuroablation may be an important mechanism by which pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is effective. Automated fractionation mapping software can identify regions of fractionation correlating with GP locations. OBJECTIVE To examine the overlap between standard PVI ablation lesions and fractionated electrograms suggestive of GP. METHODS We retrospectively examined AF ablations performed from 2021 to 2023 that included only PVI performed using wide antral circumferential isolation without prospective evaluation of fractionation. Retrospectively, a fractionation map was created (width 10 ms, refractory time 30 ms, roving sensitivity 0.1 mv, and threshold of 2). We evaluated the anatomic overlap between PVI lesions and fractionation in regions associated with GP. RESULTS Among 52 patients (mean 65 (IQR 46-74) years, 82% male, and 69% paroxysmal AF), sites of fractionation corresponding to GP locations were seen in all cases. PVI ablation incidentally overlapped with fractionation in 50 (96%) patients. On average, 26% of the fractionation corresponding with GP locations were incidentally ablated. The highest proportion of fractionated areas were ablated in the left superior (36%) and right superior (31%) GP regions. More complete incidental ablation of these regions was associated with a greater intraprocedural increase in heart rate (ρ = 0.46, p < 0.001), which was subsequently associated with freedom from AF during 15.9 ± 5.2 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION Patients undergoing AF ablation universally have fractionated electrograms corresponding to anticipated sites of GP. Partial ablation of these regions frequently occurs incidentally during PVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Keane
- Cardiovascular Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Darshak Patel
- Cardiovascular Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brian Otto
- Abbott Cardiovascular, Plymouth, MN, USA
| | | | - Ramanan Kumareswaran
- Cardiovascular Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David Lin
- Cardiovascular Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael P Riley
- Cardiovascular Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Saman Nazarian
- Cardiovascular Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francis E Marchlinski
- Cardiovascular Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Timothy M Markman
- Cardiovascular Division, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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4
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Marrese A, Persico R, Parlato E, Faccenda D, Salucci A, Comparone G, Pergola V, Ammirati G, Addeo L, Fonderico C, Cocchiara L, Volpe A, Visconti P, Rapacciuolo A, Strisciuglio T. Cardioneuroablation: the known and the unknown. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1412195. [PMID: 39131701 PMCID: PMC11310060 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1412195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardioneuroablation (CNA) is a novel interventional procedure for the treatment of recurrent vasovagal syncope (VVS) and advanced atrioventricular block secondary to hyperactivation of vagal tone in young patients. By damaging the cardiac parasympathetic ganglia, CNA seems to be able to mitigate and/or abolish the excessive vagal activity and improve patients' outcome. This review is intended to give a detailed and comprehensive overview of the current evidences regarding (1) the clinical applications of CNA (2) the identification of ablation targets and procedural endpoints (3) the medium-long term effect of the procedure and its future perspectives. However, clinical data are still limited, and expert consensus or recommendations in the guidelines regarding this technique are still lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - T. Strisciuglio
- Department of Cardiology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Joza J, Gustavo Bravosi da Rosa L, Alturki A, Anglesio V, Sanchez-Somonte P, Poletaev V, Bernier M, Verma A, Essebag V. Cardioneuroablation as a strategy to prevent pacemaker implantation in young patients with vasovagal syncope. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2024; 51:101360. [PMID: 38379634 PMCID: PMC10877404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2024.101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Cardioneuroablation (CNA) is an ablation technique that targets epicardial ganglionic plexi to reduce syncope burden and avoid pacemaker implantation in patients with cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope (VVS). This study aims to demonstrate feasibility and safety of CNA in high-risk refractory VVS patients using continuous monitoring with an implantable loop recorder (ILR). Methods Data was collected prospectively for patients undergoing CNA. Patients were required to have recurrent syncope with documented asystole, refractory to conservative measures. Ganglionic plexi (GPs) were identified by fragmented signals and high frequency stimulation (HFS). Ablation was performed until loss of positive response to HFS, Wenckebach cycle shortening was achieved, or an increase in sinus rate of > 20 bpm. Follow-up was performed through remote and clinic follow-up of their ILRs. Results Between December 2020 and July 2023 six patients (mean age 29 ± 3, 67 % female)underwent CNA. The baseline heart rate and Wenckebach cycle length was 63.2 ± 15 bpm and 582 ms before and 91 ± 5 bpm and 358 ms after ablation respectively. During a median follow-up of 13.4 months, 3/5 patients had no further syncopal episodes, 1 had a recurrence, underwent repeat CNA with no further episodes at 1 year, and 1 had 5 syncopal events, which was a dramatic reduction from nearly daily episodes pre-CNA. There were no procedure related complications. Conclusions A dramatic reduction in documented pauses and syncope burden was noted post CNA. Appropriate patient selection with rigorous objective follow-up in an experienced center is necessary. Larger studies are required to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed Alturki
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Martin Bernier
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Atul Verma
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vidal Essebag
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Hôpital Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Rajendran PS, Hadaya J, Khalsa SS, Yu C, Chang R, Shivkumar K. The vagus nerve in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology: From evolutionary insights to clinical medicine. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:190-200. [PMID: 36641366 PMCID: PMC10336178 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The parasympathetic nervous system via the vagus nerve exerts profound influence over the heart. Together with the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for fine-tuned regulation of all aspects of cardiovascular function, including heart rate, rhythm, contractility, and blood pressure. In this review, we highlight vagal efferent and afferent innervation of the heart, with a focus on insights from comparative biology and advances in understanding the molecular and genetic diversity of vagal neurons, as well as interoception, parasympathetic dysfunction in heart disease, and the therapeutic potential of targeting the parasympathetic nervous system in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Hadaya
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Ok, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Ok, USA
| | - Chuyue Yu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rui Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Vandenberk B, Haemers P, Morillo C. The autonomic nervous system in atrial fibrillation-pathophysiology and non-invasive assessment. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1327387. [PMID: 38239878 PMCID: PMC10794613 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1327387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in atrial fibrillation pathophysiology. Parasympathetic hyperactivity result in a shortening of the action potential duration, a reduction of the conduction wavelength, and as such facilitates reentry in the presence of triggers. Further, autonomic remodeling of atrial myocytes in AF includes progressive sympathetic hyperinnervation by increased atrial sympathetic nerve density and sympathetic atrial nerve sprouting. Knowledge on the pathophysiological process in AF, including the contribution of the autonomic nervous system, may in the near future guide personalized AF management. This review focuses on the role of the autonomic nervous system in atrial fibrillation pathophysiology and non-invasive assessment of the autonomic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Vandenberk
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Haemers
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos Morillo
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Aksu T, Po SS. How to perform cardioneuroablation for vasovagal syncope and functional bradycardia. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:100-105. [PMID: 37776935 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Aksu
- Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sunny S Po
- University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Traykov V, Shalganov T. Cardioneuroablation for the Treatment of Vasovagal Syncope: Current Status and Impact on Quality of Life. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1839-1849. [PMID: 37982935 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is a common entity causing transient loss of consciousness and affecting quality of life. Guideline-recommended therapy involves conservative measures and pacing in selected patients. Cardioneuroablation (CNA) targeting the ganglionated plexi in the heart has been shown to reduce excessive vagal excitation, which plays a major role in the pathophysiology of VVS and functional bradycardia. RECENT FINDINGS The introduction of CNA has fueled research into its value for the treatment of VVS. Multiple observational studies and one randomized trial have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of CNA and the positive impact on quality of life. This review describes the rationale and CNA procedural techniques and outcomes. Patient selection and future directions have also been described. Cardioneuroablation is a promising treatment for patients with recurrent VVS and functional bradycardia. Further large-scale randomized studies are needed to further verify the safety and efficacy of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassil Traykov
- Department of Invasive Electrophysiology, Clinic of Cardiology, Acibadem City Clinic Tokuda Hospital, 1407 N. Vaptzarov blvd 51B, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Tchavdar Shalganov
- Department of Electrophysiology, Clinic of Cardiology, National Heart Hospital, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Silva Garcia E, Lobo-Torres I, Fernández-Armenta J, Penela D, Fernandez-Garcia M, Gomez-Lopez A, Soto-Iglesias D, Fernández-Rivero R, Vazquez-Garcia R, Acosta J, Bisbal F, Cano-Calabria L, Berruezo A. Functional mapping to reveal slow conduction and substrate progression in atrial fibrillation. Europace 2023; 25:euad246. [PMID: 37961921 PMCID: PMC10644200 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of our study was to analyse the response to short-coupled atrial extrastimuli to identify areas of hidden slow conduction (HSC) and their relationship with the atrial fibrillation (AF) phenotype. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF and persistent AF (10:10) underwent the first pulmonary vein isolation procedure. Triple short-coupled extrastimuli were delivered in sinus rhythm (SR), and the evoked response was analysed: sites exhibiting double or highly fragmented electrograms (EGM) were defined as positive for HSC (HSC+). The delta of the duration of the bipolar EGM was analysed, and bipolar EGM duration maps were built. High-density maps were acquired using a multipolar catheter during AF, SR, and paced rhythm. Spatial co-localization of HSC+ and complex fractionated atrial EGMs (CFAE) during AF was evaluated. Persistent AF showed a higher number and percentage of HSC+ than paroxysmal AF (13.9% vs. 3.3%, P < 0.001). The delta of EGM duration was 53 ± 22 ms for HSC+ compared with 13 ± 11 (10) ms in sites with negative HSC (HSC-) (P < 0.001). The number and density of HSC+ were lower than CFAE during AF (19 vs. 56 per map, P < 0.001). The reproducibility and distribution of HSC+ in repeated maps were superior to CFAE (P = 0.19 vs. P < 0.001). Sites with negative and positive responses showed a similar bipolar voltage in the preceding sinus beat (1.65 ± 1.34 and 1.48 ± 1.47 mV, P = 0.12). CONCLUSION Functional mapping identifies more discrete and reproducible abnormal substrates than mapping during AF. The HSC+ sites in response to triple extrastimuli are more frequent in persistent AF than in paroxysmal AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etel Silva Garcia
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ivan Lobo-Torres
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Diego Penela
- Teknon Medical Center, Heart Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Gomez-Lopez
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Juan Acosta
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Felipe Bisbal
- Institut del Cor (iCor), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Cano-Calabria
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain
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Magnano M, Bissolino A, Budano C, Occhetta E, Rametta F. Endocardial ablation of epicardial ganglionated plexi: history, open questions and future prospects of cardioneuroablation. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2023; 71:553-563. [PMID: 36305776 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.22.06131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurocardiogenic syncope is the most common cause of transient loss of consciousness and considerably reduces quality of life. Pharmacological and pacing therapy may not be fully efficacious and complications related to implanted hardware must be considered. In this context, cardioneuroablation (CNA) has been proposed to attenuate the vagal reflex with elimination of cardioinhibition. It has been shown that CNA is able to eliminate recurrences of syncope in over 90% of cases and no major complications are reported in the current literature. Despite these encouraging findings, CNA is only mentioned in current guidelines as a possible alternative treatment and has no real indication class. The diversity of mapping techniques, the absence of direct denervation control, the lack of a precise endpoint, the possible placebo effect, the short follow-up, and the question of the learning curve represent the major limitations of this promising procedure. The aim of this review was to look over the existing literature, analysing the novelties, the limitations, the unresolved issues and the outcome of CNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Magnano
- Department of Cardiology, St. Andrea Hospital, Vercelli, Italy -
| | | | - Carlo Budano
- Maria Pia Hospital, GVM Care&Research Institution, Turin, Italy
| | - Eraldo Occhetta
- Department of Cardiology, St. Andrea Hospital, Vercelli, Italy
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Kharbanda RK, Ramdat Misier NL, van Schie MS, Zwijnenburg RD, Amesz JH, Knops P, Bogers AJJC, Taverne YJHJ, de Groot NMS. Insights Into the Effects of Low-Level Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Atrial Electrophysiology: Towards Patient-Tailored Cardiac Neuromodulation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 9:1843-1853. [PMID: 37480858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-level vagus nerve stimulation through the tragus (tLLVNS) is increasingly acknowledged as a therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat atrial fibrillation. However, a lack in understanding of the exact antiarrhythmic properties of tLLVNS has hampered clinical implementation. OBJECTIVES In this study, the authors aimed to study the effects of tLLVNS on atrial electrophysiology by performing intraoperative epicardial mapping during acute and chronic tLLVNS. METHODS Epicardial mapping of the superior right atrium was performed before and after arterial graft harvesting in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting without a history of atrial fibrillation. The time needed for arterial graft harvesting was used to perform chronic tLLVNS. Electrophysiological properties were compared before and during chronic tLLVNS. RESULTS A total of 10 patients (median age 74 years [IQR: 69-78 years]) underwent tLLVNS for a duration of 56 minutes (IQR: 43-73 minutes). During acute and chronic tLLVNS, a shift of the sinoatrial node exit site toward a more cranial direction was observed in 5 (50%) patients. Unipolar potential voltage increased significantly during acute and chronic tLLVNS (3.9 mV [IQR: 3.1-4.8 mV] vs 4.7 mV [IQR: 4.0-5.3 mV] vs 5.2 mV [IQR: 4.8-7.0 mV]; P = 0.027, P = 0.02, respectively). Total activation time, slope of unipolar potentials, amount of fractionation, low-voltage areas and conduction velocity did not differ significantly between baseline measurements and tLLVNS. Two patients showed consistent "improvement" of all electrophysiological properties during tLLVNS, while 1 patient appeared to have no beneficial effect. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that tLLVNS resulted in a significant increase in unipolar potential voltage. In addition, we observed the following in selective patients: 1) reduction in total activation time; 2) steeper slope of unipolar potentials; 3) decrease in the amount of fractionation; and 4) change in sinoatrial node exit sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit K Kharbanda
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Mathijs S van Schie
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roxanne D Zwijnenburg
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorik H Amesz
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Knops
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ad J J C Bogers
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yannick J H J Taverne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Whitaker J, Baum TE, Qian P, Prassl AJ, Plank G, Blankstein R, Cochet H, Sauer WH, Bishop MJ, Tedrow U. Frequency Domain Analysis of Endocardial Electrograms for Detection of Nontransmural Myocardial Fibrosis in Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 9:923-935. [PMID: 36669900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voltage mapping in nonischemic cardiomyopathy can fail to identify midmyocardial substrate for ventricular arrhythmias, an important cause of ablation failure. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess whether frequency domain analysis of endocardial left ventricular electrograms (EGMs) can better predict the presence of midmyocardial fibrosis (MMF) compared with voltage amplitude. METHODS Nonischemic cardiomyopathy patients undergoing ventricular tachycardia ablation with registered preprocedural cardiac computed tomography and late iodine enhancement were included. Presence of fibrosis at each EGM site was assessed. Bipolar and unipolar EGMs were transformed to the frequency domain using multitaper spectral analysis. Singular value decomposition of the EGM frequency spectrum was used within a supervised machine learning process to select features to predict the presence of MMF and compare against predictions using voltage amplitude. RESULTS Thirteen patients were included (median age 57 years [IQR: 28-73 years], median ejection fraction 40% [IQR: 15%-57%]). A total of 6,015 EGM pairs were processed: 2,459 EGM pairs in MMF areas and 3,556 EGM pairs in non-MMF areas. Supervised classifiers were trained with stratified k-fold cross-validation within patients. The distribution of mean area under the curve metrics using frequency features, f, was significantly greater than voltage feature area under the curve metrics, v, (mean f = 0.841 [95% CI: 0.789-0.884] vs mean v = 0.591 [95% CI: 0.530-0.658]; P < 0.001), indicating that frequency-trained classifiers better predicted the presence of MMF. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate the promising discriminatory value of endocardial EGM frequency content in the assessment of concealed myocardial substrate. Further studies are needed to investigate the importance of the specific frequency features identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Whitaker
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Taylor E Baum
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Anton J Prassl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Plank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ron Blankstein
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hubert Cochet
- IHU LIRYC, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - William H Sauer
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Usha Tedrow
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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14
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Franco E, Lozano Granero C, Cortez-Dias N, Nakar E, Segev M, Matía R, Hernández-Madrid A, Zamorano JL, Moreno J. Automatic identification of areas with low-voltage fragmented electrograms for the detection of the critical isthmus of atypical atrial flutters. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2023; 34:356-365. [PMID: 36434798 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Critical isthmuses of atypical atrial flutters (AAFLs) are usually located at slow conduction areas that exhibit fractionated electrograms. We tested a novel software, intended for integration with a commercially available navigation system, that automatically detects fractionated electrograms, to identify the critical isthmus in patients with AAFL ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS All available patients were analyzed; 27 patients with 33 AAFLs were included. The PentaRay NAV catheter (Biosense Webster) was used for mapping. The novel software was retrospectively applied; fractionated points with duration ≥80 ms and bipolar voltage between 0.05 and 0.5 mV were highlighted on the surface of maps. In 10 randomly chosen AAFLs, an expert electrophysiologist evaluated the positive predictive value of the algorithm to detect true fractionation: 74.4%. We tested the capacity of the software to identify areas of fractionation (defined as clusters of ≥3 adjacent points with fractionation) at the critical isthmus of the AAFLs (defined using conventional mapping criteria). An area of fractionation was identified at the critical isthmus in 30 cases (91%). Globally, 144 areas of fractionation (median number per AAFL 4 [3-6]) were identified. Duration of the fractionation or the surface of the areas was not different between areas at critical isthmuses and the rest. Setting the fractionation score filter of the software in nine provided best performance. CONCLUSIONS The novel software detected areas of fractionation at the critical isthmus in most AAFLs, which may help identify the critical isthmus in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Franco
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Lozano Granero
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuno Cortez-Dias
- Cardiology Department, Santa Maria University Hospital (CHULN), Lisbon Academic Medical Center, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elad Nakar
- Research and Development Department, Biosense Webster, Johnson & Johnson, Yokneam, Israel
| | - Meytal Segev
- Research and Development Department, Biosense Webster, Johnson & Johnson, Yokneam, Israel
| | - Roberto Matía
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernández-Madrid
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Zamorano
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Moreno
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Intrinsic Cardiac Neuromodulation in the Management of Atrial Fibrillation- A Potential Missing Link? Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020383. [PMID: 36836740 PMCID: PMC9966489 DOI: 10.3390/life13020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common supraventricular arrhythmia that is linked with higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence has demonstrated that catheter-based pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is not only a viable alternative but may be superior to antiarrhythmic drug therapy for long-term freedom from symptomatic AF episodes, a reduction in the arrhythmia burden, and healthcare resource utilization with a similar risk of adverse events. The intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) has a significant influence on the structural and electrical milieu, and imbalances in the ANS may contribute to the arrhythmogenesis of AF in some individuals. There is now increasing scientific and clinical interest in various aspects of neuromodulation of intrinsic cardiac ANS, including mapping techniques, ablation methods, and patient selection. In the present review, we aimed to summarize and critically appraise the currently available evidence for the neuromodulation of intrinsic cardiac ANS in AF.
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16
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Aksu T, Skeete JR, Huang HH. Ganglionic Plexus Ablation: A Step-by-step Guide for Electrophysiologists and Review of Modalities for Neuromodulation for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2023; 12:e02. [PMID: 36845167 PMCID: PMC9945432 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2022.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most common sustained arrhythmia, AF is a complex clinical entity which remains a difficult condition to durably treat in the majority of patients. Over the past few decades, the management of AF has focused mainly on pulmonary vein triggers for its initiation and perpetuation. It is well known that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has a significant role in the milieu predisposing to the triggers, perpetuators and substrate for AF. Neuromodulation of ANS - ganglionated plexus ablation, vein of Marshall ethanol infusion, transcutaneous tragal stimulation, renal nerve denervation, stellate ganglion block and baroreceptor stimulation - constitute an emerging therapeutic approach for AF. The purpose of this review is to summarise and critically appraise the currently available evidence for neuromodulation modalities in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Aksu
- Department of Cardiology, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Henry H Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, US
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17
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Markman TM, Khoshknab M, Santangeli P, Marchlinski FE, Nazarian S. Feasibility of Computed Tomography-Guided Cardioneuroablation for Atrial Fibrillation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 8:1449-1450. [PMID: 35907756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Del Monte A, Pannone L, Bisignani A, Osório TG, Iacopino S, Chierchia GB, de Asmundis C. Cryoballoon ablation for atrial fibrillation: Effects on neuromodulation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:958316. [PMID: 35966567 PMCID: PMC9366392 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.958316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) represents the mainstay of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, and PVI with cryoballoon catheter (CB) ablation (CB-A) has proven to be as effective and safe as radiofrequency ablation (RF-A). Although AF is initiated by triggers arising from the pulmonary veins (PV) and non-PV foci, the intrinsic cardiac nervous system (ICNS) plays a significant role in the induction and maintenance of AF. The ICNS is an epicardial neural system composed of ganglionated plexi (GPs) and a complex network of interconnecting neurons. In the left atrium, the major GPs are located in proximity to the PV-left atrial junction. Vagal reactions have been described as markers of autonomic modulation during PVI with both RF-A and CB-A. The occurrence of neuromodulation during PVI with CB-A may be explained by both the anatomical relationship between the GPs and the PVs and the characteristics of the CB. Due to the CB/PV size mismatch, the CB creates a wide ablation area that extends from the PV ostium toward the antrum, possibly including the GPs. Although targeted GPs ablation, as a supplemental strategy to PVI, has been associated with a better AF outcome in patients undergoing RF-A, the additional clinical benefit of neuromodulation during PVI with CB-A remains a matter of debate. In this review, we provide an overview of the anatomy of the ICNS, the relationship between the ICNS and AF pathophysiology, and the current evidence on the clinical relevance of neuromodulation during PVI with CB-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvise Del Monte
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Luigi Pannone
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Antonio Bisignani
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thiago G. Osório
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Saverio Iacopino
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart, Brussels, Belgium
- Arrhythmology Department, Maria Cecilia Hospital, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Gian-Battista Chierchia
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart, Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Gian-Battista Chierchia
| | - Carlo de Asmundis
- Heart Rhythm Management Centre, Postgraduate Program in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel - Vrije Universiteit Brussel, European Reference Networks Guard-Heart, Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Aksu T, Gupta D, D'Avila A, Morillo CA. Cardioneuroablation for Vasovagal Syncope and Atrioventricular Block: A Step-by-Step Guide. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2022; 33:2205-2212. [PMID: 35362165 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Catheter based cardioneuroablation is increasingly being utilized to improve outcomes in patients with vasovagal syncope and atrioventricular block due to vagal hyperactivity. There is now increasing convergence amongst enthusiasts on its various aspects, including patient selection, technical steps, and procedural end-points. This pragmatic review aims to take the reader through a step-by-step approach to cardioneuroablation: we begin with a brief overview of the anatomy of intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system, before focusing on the indications, pre- and post-procedure management, necessary equipment, and its potential limitations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Aksu
- Yeditepe University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dhiraj Gupta
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andre D'Avila
- Department of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Carlos A Morillo
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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20
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Kuniewicz M, Karkowski G, Gosnell M, Goncerz G, Badacz R, Rajs T, Legutko J. Anatomical and electrophysiological localization of ganglionated plexi using high-density 3D CARTO mapping system. TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH IN ANATOMY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tria.2022.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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21
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Aksu T, Baysal E, Lakkireddy D, Yalin K, Gopinathannair R. Comparison of Fragmented Electrogram Based Strategy and High Frequency Stimulation for Detection of Ganglionated Plexi. J Atr Fibrillation 2021; 13:2440. [PMID: 34950325 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Ganglionated plexus (GP) ablation is an emerging technique in patients with cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope and vagally mediated atrial fibrillation. Localization of GPs can be impacted by the technique used. A reproducible methodology for GP detection is needed to account for individual variations during electrophysiologic study. In this article, we aim to compare and contrast high-frequency stimulation vs. a fragmented electrogram guided strategy for GP localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Aksu
- University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Erkan Baysal
- University of Health Sciences, Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Diyarbakır, Turkey
| | | | - Kivanc Yalin
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Vassallo F, Silva ED, Meigre LL, Cunha C, Serpa E, Simões Jr A, Carloni H, Volponi C. Initial Experience with Fractionation Mapping in the Identification of Vagal Ganglionated Plexus During Cardioneuroablation. JOURNAL OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS 2021. [DOI: 10.24207/jca.v34i3.3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a series case report of five symptomatic patients presented with diagnosis of sinus bradycardia, first and second degrees atrioventricular (AV) blocks, that were referred to pacemaker implantation. During the screening, a functional cause for the bradycardia and AV blocks were documented by treadmill stress test, 24-hour Holter monitoring and atropine test. After the confirmation of the diagnosis, patients were submitted to cardioneuroablation on an anatomical basis supported by a tridimensional electroanatomical fractionation mapping software. The technique and the acute and short-term results of the cardioneuroablation are described.
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23
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Celotto C, Sánchez C, Mountris KA, Laguna P, Pueyo E. Location of Parasympathetic Innervation Regions From Electrograms to Guide Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Therapy: An in silico Modeling Study. Front Physiol 2021; 12:674197. [PMID: 34456743 PMCID: PMC8385640 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.674197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an essential role in the generation and maintenance of cardiac arrhythmias. The cardiac ANS can be divided into its extrinsic and intrinsic components, with the latter being organized in an epicardial neural network of interconnecting axons and clusters of autonomic ganglia called ganglionated plexi (GPs). GP ablation has been associated with a decreased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence, but the accurate location of GPs is required for ablation to be effective. Although GP stimulation triggers both sympathetic and parasympathetic ANS branches, a predominance of parasympathetic activity has been shown. This study aims was to develop a method to locate atrial parasympathetic innervation sites based on measurements from a grid of electrograms (EGMs). Electrophysiological models representative of non-AF, paroxysmal AF (PxAF), and persistent AF (PsAF) tissues were developed. Parasympathetic effects were modeled by increasing the concentration of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) in randomly distributed circles across the tissue. Different circle sizes of ACh and fibrosis geometries were considered, accounting for both uniform diffuse and non-uniform diffuse fibrosis. Computational simulations were performed, from which unipolar EGMs were computed in a 16 × 1 6 electrode mesh. Different distances of the electrodes to the tissue (0.5, 1, and 2 mm) and noise levels with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 dB were tested. The amplitude of the atrial EGM repolarization wave was found to be representative of the presence or absence of ACh release sites, with larger positive amplitudes indicating that the electrode was placed over an ACh region. Statistical analysis was performed to identify the optimal thresholds for the identification of ACh sites. In all non-AF, PxAF, and PsAF tissues, the repolarization amplitude rendered successful identification. The algorithm performed better in the absence of fibrosis or when fibrosis was uniformly diffuse, with a mean accuracy of 0.94 in contrast with a mean accuracy of 0.89 for non-uniform diffuse fibrotic cases. The algorithm was robust against noise and worked for the tested ranges of electrode-to-tissue distance. In conclusion, the results from this study support the feasibility to locate atrial parasympathetic innervation sites from the amplitude of repolarization wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Celotto
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research-I3A-, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research-I3A-, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Konstantinos A. Mountris
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research-I3A-, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Laguna
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research-I3A-, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther Pueyo
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research-I3A-, University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Zaragoza, Spain
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24
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Aksu T, Yalin K, John L, Osorio J, Winterfield J, Aras D, Gopinathannair R. Effect of conscious sedation and deep sedation on the vagal response characteristics during ganglionated plexus ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2021; 32:2333-2336. [PMID: 34176180 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to determine the effects of conscious and deep sedation on vagal response (VR) characteristics during ganglionated plexus (GP) ablation. METHODS Forty consecutive patients undergoing GP ablation for vasovagal syncope were divided to receive conscious sedation with midazolam (Group 1, n = 29) or deep sedation with the midazolam-propofol combination (Group 2, n = 11). VR was defined on three levels. R-R interval increase of >50% (Level 1); R-R interval increase of 20%-50% (Level 2); and R-R interval increase of <20% (Level 3). RESULTS The ratio of Level 1 VR during ablation on left superior and inferior GPs was significantly lower in Group 2 (p < .0001 and p = .034, respectively). Once the cut-off for VR was decreased to Level 2, the ratio of (+) VR was similar between groups during ablation of left-sided GPs. Positive VR in any level was lower than 20% during ablation of right-sided GPs. CONCLUSIONS The autonomic tone might be affected in different ways by the level or type of intravenous sedation. Awareness of anesthesia-related differences may be important if GP ablation will be performed by using VR characteristics during ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Aksu
- Department of Cardiology, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kivanc Yalin
- Department of Cardiology, Istanbul-Cerrahpasa University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Leah John
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Jose Osorio
- Department of Cardiology, Arrhythmia Institute at Grandview, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeffrey Winterfield
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Mt Pleasant, South Carolina, USA
| | - Dursun Aras
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rakesh Gopinathannair
- Department of Cardiology, Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute and Research Foundation, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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25
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Piotrowski R, Żuk A, Baran J, Sikorska A, Kryński T, Kułakowski P. Cardioneuroablation changes the type of vasovagal response in patients with asystolic reflex syncope. Auton Neurosci 2021; 235:102838. [PMID: 34186273 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardioneuroablation (CNA) has been recently proposed as a new therapy in patients with asystolic vasovagal syncope (VVS) caused by parasympathetic overactivity. OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of CNA on the type of VV response during tilt testing (TT). METHODS The study group consisted of 20 patients (7 males, mean age 38 ± 9). All patients had a history of syncope due to asystole and confirmed asystolic VVS at baseline TT (TT1). CNA was performed in the right and left atrium. The second TT (TT2) and Holter ECG were performed three months later. All patients completed one-year follow up. RESULTS At TT1, twenty patients had cardioinhibitory syncope and 1 had mixed VVS with asystole > 3 s. During one-year follow-up no spontaneous syncopal episodes were noted. At TT2, 6 patients had no syncope whereas the remaining 13 had syncope - twelve due to vasodepressor mechanism and only one due to asystole. Mean heart rate after CNA was significantly faster and heart rate variability parameter (SDNN) lower than before the procedure (82 ± 9 vs 69 ± 11 beats/min, p = 0.0003 and 74 ± 22 vs 143 ± 40 ms, p = 000001, respectively). These changes were similar in those who fainted during TT2 and those who did not (84 ± 10 vs 81 ± 5 beats/min, p = NS and 72 ± 24 vs 72 ± 19 ms, p = NS, respectively). CONCLUSIONS CNA profoundly affects type of VV reaction causing normalization of the response to tilting or changing cardiodepression to vasodepression. Changes in heart rate and heart rate variability are consistent with attenuation of parasympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Piotrowski
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cardiology, Grochowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Żuk
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cardiology, Grochowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Baran
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cardiology, Grochowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Sikorska
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cardiology, Grochowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kryński
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cardiology, Grochowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Kułakowski
- Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Department of Cardiology, Grochowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Franco E, Lozano Granero C, Matía R, Hernández-Madrid A, Sánchez I, Zamorano JL, Moreno J. High-density mapping with fragmentation analysis in patients with reentrant atrial tachycardias (MAP-FLURHY study). J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2021; 63:513-522. [PMID: 34132924 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-021-01012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reentrant atrial tachycardias (ATs) use areas of slow conduction that can be visualized as fragmented electrograms. We aimed to test an ablation strategy based on the identification and ablation of spots with fragmented electrograms in reentrant ATs, using Rhythmia navigation system. METHODS All consecutive patients from June 2016 to June 2019 were included. The IntellaMap ORION Catheter was used to detect sites with fragmentation, arbitrarily defined as fragmented electrograms > 70 ms. Entrainment was used to check if these areas belonged to the AT circuit. Ablation targeted the longest fragmented electrogram within the circuit: focal ablation for microreentries and lines for macroreentries. Ablation success was defined from each AT as conversion to sinus rhythm or another AT. RESULTS Twenty-seven consecutive patients with 44 mappable ATs were included. All ATs showed sites with fragmented electrograms (104 sites; 2.4 sites per AT); 43/44 ATs had fragmented electrograms within the circuit, which were the target of ablation. Ablation success: 34/36 ATs (94%); success could not be assessed in 8 circuits, in 6 due to mechanical conversion to sinus rhythm at the target fragmented site. Fragmented electrograms within the AT circuits were longer than electrograms outside the circuits (110 ± 30 vs 90 ± 15 ms, p < 0.001). A fragmentation duration > 100 ms/ > 40% of the AT cycle length predicted to be a successful site for ablation with 72.3%/73.8% specificity, respectively. Sixty-two percent of the patients were free from atrial arrhythmias at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS Most ATs had detectable fragmented electrograms within the circuit, which could be the target of ablation with high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Franco
- Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiology Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Roberto Matía
- Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiology Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Inmaculada Sánchez
- Pediatric Cardiology Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Zamorano
- Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiology Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Moreno
- Arrhythmia Unit, Cardiology Department, University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Hanna P, Buch E, Stavrakis S, Meyer C, Tompkins JD, Ardell JL, Shivkumar K. Neuroscientific therapies for atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 117:1732-1745. [PMID: 33989382 PMCID: PMC8208752 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays an integral role in normal cardiac physiology as well as in disease states that cause cardiac arrhythmias. The cardiac ANS, comprised of a complex neural hierarchy in a nested series of interacting feedback loops, regulates atrial electrophysiology and is itself susceptible to remodelling by atrial rhythm. In light of the challenges of treating atrial fibrillation (AF) with conventional pharmacologic and myoablative techniques, increasingly interest has begun to focus on targeting the cardiac neuraxis for AF. Strong evidence from animal models and clinical patients demonstrates that parasympathetic and sympathetic activity within this neuraxis may trigger AF, and the ANS may either induce atrial remodelling or undergo remodelling itself to serve as a substrate for AF. Multiple nexus points within the cardiac neuraxis are therapeutic targets, and neuroablative and neuromodulatory therapies for AF include ganglionated plexus ablation, epicardial botulinum toxin injection, vagal nerve (tragus) stimulation, renal denervation, stellate ganglion block/resection, baroreceptor activation therapy, and spinal cord stimulation. Pre-clinical and clinical studies on these modalities have had promising results and are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hanna
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eric Buch
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 N Lindsay Ave, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Christian Meyer
- Division of Cardiology, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology Research Consortium (cNEP), EVK Düsseldorf, Teaching Hospital University of Düsseldorf, Kirchfeldstraße 40, 40217 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Neural and Sensory Physiology, cardiac Neuro- and Electrophysiology Research Consortium (cNEP), University of Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - John D Tompkins
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Ardell
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Physiology Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Aksu T, Gopinathannair R, Gupta D, Pauza DH. Intrinsic cardiac autonomic nervous system: What do clinical electrophysiologists need to know about the "heart brain"? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2021; 32:1737-1747. [PMID: 33928710 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a major contributor in many cardiac arrhythmias. Cardiac ANS can be divided into extrinsic and intrinsic parts according to the course of nerve fibers and localization of ganglia and neuron bodies. Although the role of the extrinsic part has historically gained more attention, the intrinsic cardiac ANS may affect cardiac function independently as well as influence the effects of the extrinsic nerves. Catheter-based modulation of the intrinsic cardiac ANS is emerging as a novel therapy for the management of patients with brady and tachyarrhythmias resulting from hyperactive vagal activation. However, the distribution of intrinsic cardiac nerve plexus in the human heart and the functional properties of intrinsic cardiac neural elements remain insufficiently understood. The present review aims to bring the clinical and anatomical elements of the immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity together, by reviewing neuroanatomical terminologies and physiological functions, to guide the clinical electrophysiologist in the catheter lab and to serve as a reference for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Aksu
- Department of Cardiology, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rakesh Gopinathannair
- Departments of Electrophysiology, Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute and Research Foundation, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Dhiraj Gupta
- Department of Electrophysiology, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Dainius H Pauza
- Department of Anatomy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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29
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John LA, Mullis A, Payne J, Tung R, Aksu T, Winterfield JR. Cardioneuroablation for cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2021; 32:1748-1753. [PMID: 33855779 DOI: 10.1111/jce.15044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardioneuroablation (CNA) is an emerging technique being used to treat patients with cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope (VVS). We describe a case of CNA in targeting atrial ganglionated plexi (GP) based upon anatomical landmarks and fractionated electrogram (EGM) localization in a patient with cardioinhibitory syncope. CASE PRESENTATION A 20-year-old healthy female presented with malignant VVS and symptomatic sinus pauses, with the longest detected at 10 s. She underwent acutely successful CNA with demonstration of vagal response (VR) noted after ablation of left sided GP, and tachycardia noted with right sided GP ablation. All GP sites were defined by anatomical landmarks and EGM analysis. By using the fractionation mapping software of Ensite Precision mapping system with high density mapping, fragmented EGMs were successfully detected in each GP site. One month after vagal denervation, there were no recurrent syncopal episodes or sinus pauses. Longer term follow-up with implantable loop recorder is planned. CONCLUSION We performed CNA in a patient with VVS by utilizing a novel approach of combined use of high density mapping and fractionation mapping software. With this approach, we were able to detect fractionation in all GP sites and demonstrate acute VR. This workflow may allow for a new, standardized technique suitable for widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah A John
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Andin Mullis
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Joshua Payne
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Roderick Tung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medicine Center for Arrhythmia Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tolga Aksu
- Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Jeffrey R Winterfield
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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30
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Rebecchi M, Panattoni G, Edoardo B, de Ruvo E, Sciarra L, Politano A, Sgueglia M, Ricagni C, Verbena S, Crescenzi C, Sangiorgi C, Borrelli A, De Luca L, Scarà A, Grieco D, Jacomelli I, Martino A, Calò L. Atrial fibrillation and autonomic nervous system: A translational approach to guide therapeutic goals. J Arrhythm 2021; 37:320-330. [PMID: 33850573 PMCID: PMC8022002 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is known to play an important role in the genesis and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). Biomolecular and genetic mechanisms, anatomical knowledges with recent diagnostic techniques acquisitions, both invasive and non-invasive, have enabled greater therapeutic goals in patients affected by AF related to ANS imbalance. Catheter ablation of ganglionated plexi (GP) in the left and right atrium has been proposed in varied clinical conditions. Moreover interesting results arise from renal sympathetic denervation and vagal nerve stimulation. Despite all this, in the scenario of ANS modulation translational strategies we necessary must consider the treatment or correction of dynamic factors such as obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, lifestyle, food, and stress. Finally, new antiarrhythmic drugs, gene therapy and "ablatogenomic" could be represent exciting future therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Sciarra
- Department of CardiologyPoliclinico CasilinoRomeItaly
| | | | | | | | - Sara Verbena
- Department of CardiologyPoliclinico CasilinoRomeItaly
| | | | | | | | - Lucia De Luca
- Department of CardiologyPoliclinico CasilinoRomeItaly
| | - Antonio Scarà
- Department of CardiologyPoliclinico CasilinoRomeItaly
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Calò
- Department of CardiologyPoliclinico CasilinoRomeItaly
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31
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Frontera A, Limite LR, Pagani S, Hadjis A, Cireddu M, Sala S, Tsitsinakis G, Paglino G, Peretto G, Lipartiti F, Bisceglia C, Radinovic A, D'Angelo G, Marzi A, Baratto F, Vergara P, DedÈ L, Gulletta S, Manzoni A, Mazzone P, Quarteroni A, Della Bella P. Characterization of cardiac electrogram signals in atrial arrhythmias. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2021; 69:70-80. [PMID: 33691387 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.20.05431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in 3D cardiac mapping systems utilized in daily electrophysiology practices, the characterization of atrial substrate remains crucial for the comprehension of supraventricular arrhythmias. During mapping, intracardiac electrograms (EGM) provide specific information that the cardiac electrophysiologist is required to rapidly interpret during the course of a procedure in order to perform an effective ablation. In this review, EGM characteristics collected during sinus rhythm (SR) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF) are analyzed, focusing on amplitude, duration and fractionation. Additionally, EGMs recorded during atrial fibrillation (AF), including complex fractionated atrial EGMs (CFAE), may also provide precious information. A complete understanding of their significance remains lacking, and as such, we aimed to further explore the role of CFAE in strategies for ablation of persistent AF. Considering focal atrial tachycardias (AT), current cardiac mapping systems provide excellent tools that can guide the operator to the site of earliest activation. However, only careful analysis of the EGM, distinguishing low amplitude high frequency signals, can reliably identify the absolute best site for RF. Evaluating macro-reentrant atrial tachycardia circuits, specific EGM signatures correspond to particular electrophysiological phenomena: the careful recognition of these EGM patterns may in fact reveal the best site of ablation. In the near future, mathematical models, integrating patient-specific data, such as cardiac geometry and electrical conduction properties, may further characterize the substrate and predict future (potential) reentrant circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Frontera
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy -
| | | | - Stefano Pagani
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Polytechnic of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexios Hadjis
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Cireddu
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Sala
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Paglino
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Peretto
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Felicia Lipartiti
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Radinovic
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Angelo
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marzi
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Baratto
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vergara
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca DedÈ
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Polytechnic of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Gulletta
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Manzoni
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Polytechnic of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizio Mazzone
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfio Quarteroni
- MOX, Department of Mathematics, Polytechnic of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Della Bella
- Department of Arrhythmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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32
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Aksu T, Yalin K, Gopinathannair R. Fractionation mapping software to map ganglionated plexus sites during sinus rhythm. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2020; 31:3326-3329. [PMID: 32954554 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ablation of ganglionated plexuses (GPs) is a relatively new technique in patients with vasovagal syncope. Due to individual variation of GP settlement, reproducible GP detection methods are needed to during electrophysiologic study. In the present case, fractionation mapping software of Ensite system was tested to detect localization of GPs and first compared with previously validated fractionated electrograms based strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Aksu
- Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Science, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kivanc Yalin
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rakesh Gopinathannair
- Department of Electrophysiology, Kansas City Heart Rhythm Institute and Research Foundation, Overland Park, Kansas, USA
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33
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Catheter ablation of right atrial ganglionated plexi to treat cardioinhibitory neurocardiogenic syncope: a long-term follow-up prospective study. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2020; 61:499-510. [DOI: 10.1007/s10840-020-00840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Aksu T, Guler TE, Bozyel S, Yalin K, Gopinathannair R. Potential therapeutic effects of electrogram-guided cardioneuroablation in long QT syndrome: case series. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2020; 61:385-393. [DOI: 10.1007/s10840-020-00831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Wagner L, Darche FF, Thomas D, Lugenbiel P, Xynogalos P, Seide S, Scholz EP, Katus HA, Schweizer PA. Cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation-mediated rise of sinus rate in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Clin Res Cardiol 2020; 110:124-135. [PMID: 32405738 PMCID: PMC7806555 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01659-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Modulation of the cardiac autonomic nervous system by pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) influences the sinoatrial nodal rate. Little is known about the causes, maintenance and prognostic value of this phenomenon. We set out to explore the effects of cryoballoon PVI (cryo-PVI) on sinus rate and its significance for clinical outcome. Methods and results We evaluated 110 patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), who underwent PVI using a second-generation 28 mm cryoballoon by pre-, peri- and postprocedural heart rate acquisition and analysis of clinical outcome. Ninety-one patients could be included in postinterventional follow-up, indicating that cryo-PVI resulted in a significant rise of sinus rate by 16.5% (+ 9.8 ± 0.9 beats/min, p < 0.001) 1 day post procedure compared to preprocedural acquisition. This effect was more pronounced in patients with initial sinus bradycardia (< 60 beats/min.) compared to patients with faster heart rate. Increase of rate was primarily driven by ablation of the right superior pulmonary vein and for a subset of patients, in whom this could be assessed, persisted ≥ 1 year after the procedure. AF recurrence was neither predicted by the magnitude of the initial rate, nor by the extent of rate change, but postprocedural sinus bradycardia was associated with higher recurrence of AF in the year post PVI. Conclusions Cryo-PVI causes a significant rise of sinus rate that is more pronounced in subjects with previous sinus bradycardia. Patient follow-up indicates persistence of this effect and suggests an increased risk of AF recurrence in patients with postprocedural bradycardia. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00392-020-01659-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Wagner
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabrice F Darche
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dierk Thomas
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Lugenbiel
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Xynogalos
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Seide
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Informatics, University of Heidelberg, INF 130.3, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eberhard P Scholz
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick A Schweizer
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, INF 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Heidelberg Center for Heart Rhythm Disorders (HCR), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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36
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Aksu T, Guler TE, Bozyel S, Yalin K. Selective vagal innervation principles of ganglionated plexi: step-by-step cardioneuroablation in a patient with vasovagal syncope. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2020; 60:453-458. [DOI: 10.1007/s10840-020-00757-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Carlos Pachon Mateos J, I Pachón Mateos E, Higuti C, Guilhermo Santillana Peña T, Julio Lobo T, Thiene Cunha Pachón C, Carlos Pachón Mateos J, Carlos Zerpa Acosta J, Ortencio F, Amarante R. Cardioneuroablation: Catheter Vagal Denervation as a New Therapy for Cardioinhibitory Syncope. JOURNAL OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS 2020. [DOI: 10.24207/jca.v32n3.067_in] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasovagal syncope is the most frequent cause of transient loss of consciousness, especially in young people without significant heart disease. The malignant cardioinhibitory form is caused by abrupt and intense vagal reflex with or without defined triggers. Refractory cases to preventive measures and pharmacological handling has been treated with definitive pacemaker implantation. Besides showing questionable results, pacemaker implantation is highly rejected by young patients. In the late 1990s, we proposed specific vagal denervation by catheter ablation and spectral mapping, for paroxysmal AF, functional bradyarrhythmias and severe cases of malignant cardioinhibitory syncope giving rise to cardioneuroablation. Recently, many authors worldwide have been reproducing the cardioneuroablation results where elimination or significant reduction of the vagal response were observed, which abolished symptoms in more than 75% of patients followed up to 14 years, without complications. Therefore, cardioneuroablation has shown to be a real therapeutic option in malignant syncope cardioinhibitory and in any exclusive vagal mediated bradyarrhythmia without the need for pacemaker implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tasso Julio Lobo
- Hospital do Coração - Serviço de Eletrofisiologia, Marcapasso e Arritmias - São Paulo (SP) – Brazil
| | | | | | - Juán Carlos Zerpa Acosta
- Hospital do Coração - Serviço de Eletrofisiologia, Marcapasso e Arritmias - São Paulo (SP) – Brazil
| | - Felipe Ortencio
- Hospital do Coração - Serviço de Eletrofisiologia, Marcapasso e Arritmias - São Paulo (SP) – Brazil
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38
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Carlos Pachon Mateos J, I Pachón Mateos E, Higuti C, Guilhermo Santillana Peña T, Julio Lobo T, Thiene Cunha Pachón C, Carlos Pachón Mateos J, Carlos Zerpa Acosta J, Ortencio F, Amarante R. Cardioneuroablação: A Denervação Vagal por Cateter Como Nova Terapia para Síncope Cardioinibitória. JOURNAL OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS 2020. [DOI: 10.24207/jca.v32n3.067_pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A síncope vasovagal é a causa mais frequente de perda transitória de consciência, especialmente em jovens sem doença cardíaca significativa. A forma cardioinibitória maligna é causada por reflexo vagal abrupto e intenso com ou sem gatilhos definidos. Casos refratários a medidas preventivas e manuseio farmacológico foram tratados com implante definitivo de marcapasso. Além de apresentar resultados questionáveis, o implante de marcapasso é altamente rejeitado por pacientes jovens. No final dos anos 1990, propusemos uma denervação vagal específica por ablação do cateter e mapeamento espectral para FA paroxística, bradiarritmias funcionais e casos graves de síncope cardioinibitória maligna dando origem à cardioneuroablação. Recentemente, muitos autores em todo o mundo vêm reproduzindo os resultados da cardioneuroablação, onde se observou eliminação ou redução significativa da resposta vagal, o que aboliu sintomas em mais de 75% dos pacientes acompanhados por até 14 anos, sem complicações. Portanto a cardioneuroablação tem se mostrado uma verdadeira opção terapêutica na síncope cardioinibitória maligna e em qualquer bradiarritmia vagal exclusiva mediada sem a necessidade de implante de marcapasso.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tasso Julio Lobo
- Hospital do Coração - Serviço de Eletrofisiologia, Marcapasso e Arritmias - São Paulo (SP) – Brazil
| | | | | | - Juán Carlos Zerpa Acosta
- Hospital do Coração - Serviço de Eletrofisiologia, Marcapasso e Arritmias - São Paulo (SP) – Brazil
| | - Felipe Ortencio
- Hospital do Coração - Serviço de Eletrofisiologia, Marcapasso e Arritmias - São Paulo (SP) – Brazil
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39
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Aksu T, Guler TE, Bozyel S, Yalin K. Vagal responses during cardioneuroablation on different ganglionated plexi: Is there any role of ablation strategy? Int J Cardiol 2019; 304:50-55. [PMID: 31836362 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardioneuroablation has been used to treat vagally mediated bradyarrhythmias (VMB). The aim of this study is to assess vagal response (VR) characteristics during radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) with different ganglionated plexus (GP) order. METHODS A total of 49 consecutive patients with VMB who underwent cardioneuroablation were enrolled. GPs were identified by electroanatomic-mapping-guided strategy. After all GP targets have been identified, patients were divided into 2 groups according to GP ablation strategy. In the left side first group, ablation order of GPs were left superior GP (LSGP), left inferior GP (LIGP), right superior GP (RSGP), and right inferior GP (RIGP). In the right side first group, ablation order was RSGP, RIGP, LSGP, and LIGP. RESULTS In the left side first group, LSGP was the most common GP site at which a VR was observed (36 of 40 cases, 90%). LIGP causes a VR in 9 of 40 (22.5%) cases. In the right side first group, VR was seen only 2 of 9 (22.2%) cases. Comparison of ablation strategy demonstrated a significant difference in VR during ablation on LSGP between groups. Despite, LSGP was the most common GP site at which a VR was observed both groups (90% in left side first group vs 11.1% in right side first group, p < 0.0001). In remaining GPs, VRs were not dependent on the ablation strategy and were not statistically different between groups. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that the characteristics of VR during RFCA might change according to ablation order of GPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Aksu
- University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Tumer Erdem Guler
- University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Serdar Bozyel
- University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Kivanc Yalin
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Istanbul, Turkey
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40
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Electroanatomical mapping-guided ablation during atrial fibrillation: a novel usage of fractionation mapping in a case with sinus bradycardia and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2019; 57:331-332. [PMID: 31707532 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-019-00633-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Pachon-M
- São Paulo University, São Paulo Heart Hospital, and São Paulo Dante Pazzanese Cardiology Institute, São Paulo, Brazil.
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42
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Williams SE, Linton NWF, Harrison J, Chubb H, Whitaker J, Gill J, Rinaldi CA, Razavi R, Niederer S, Wright M, O'Neill M. Intra-Atrial Conduction Delay Revealed by Multisite Incremental Atrial Pacing is an Independent Marker of Remodeling in Human Atrial Fibrillation. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2019; 3:1006-1017. [PMID: 28966986 PMCID: PMC5612260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives This study sought to characterize direction-dependent and coupling interval–dependent changes in left atrial conduction and electrogram morphology in uniformly classified patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) and normal bipolar voltage mapping. Background Although AF classifications are based on arrhythmia duration, the clinical course, and treatment response vary between patients within these groups. Electrophysiological mechanisms responsible for this variability are incompletely described. Methods Intracardiac contact mapping during incremental atrial pacing was used to characterize atrial conduction, activation dispersion, and electrogram morphology in 15 consecutive paroxysmal AF patients undergoing first-time pulmonary vein isolation. Outcome measures were vulnerability to AF induction at electrophysiology study and 2-year follow-up for arrhythmia recurrence. Results Conduction delay showed a bimodal distribution, occurring at either long (high right atrium pacing: 326 ± 13 ms; coronary sinus pacing: 319 ± 16 ms) or short (high right atrium pacing: 275 ± 11 ms; coronary sinus pacing: 271 ± 11 ms) extrastimulus coupling intervals. Arrhythmia recurrence was found only in patients with conduction delay at long extrastimulus coupling intervals, and patients with inducible AF were characterized by increased activation dispersion (activation dispersion time: 168 ± 29 ms vs. 136 ± 11 ms). Electrogram voltage and duration varied throughout the left atrium, between patients, and with pacing site but were not correlated with AF vulnerability or arrhythmia recurrence. Conclusions Within the single clinical entity of paroxysmal AF, incremental atrial pacing identified a spectrum of activation patterns correlating with AF vulnerability and arrhythmia recurrence. In contrast, electrogram morphology (characterized by electrogram voltage and duration) was highly variable and not associated with AF vulnerability or recurrence. An improved understanding of the electrical phenotype in AF could lead to improved mechanistic classifications.
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Key Words
- ADT, activation dispersion time
- AF substrate
- AF, atrial fibrillation
- CS, coronary sinus
- ED, electrogram duration
- ERP, effective refractory period
- EV, electrogram voltage
- HRA, high right atrium
- LA, left atrial
- PAF, paroxysmal AF
- S1S2block, the shortest S1S2 coupling interval that conducts from pacing site to left atrium
- S1S2delay, the shortest S1S2 coupling interval conducting without decrement to the left atrium
- atrial fibrillation
- atrial remodeling
- electrophysiology testing
- ΔED, rate dependence of electrogram duration
- ΔEV, rate dependence of electrogram voltage
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven E Williams
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Imaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nick W F Linton
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Imaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Harrison
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Imaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Chubb
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Imaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John Whitaker
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Imaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaswinder Gill
- Cardiovascular Division, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Rinaldi
- Cardiovascular Division, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Reza Razavi
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Imaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Niederer
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Imaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Wright
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Imaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark O'Neill
- Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Imaging, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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43
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Kharbanda RK, Özdemir EH, Taverne YJ, Kik C, Bogers AJ, de Groot NM. Current Concepts of Anatomy, Electrophysiology, and Therapeutic Implications of the Interatrial Septum. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2019; 5:647-656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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44
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Identification of peripheral neural circuits that regulate heart rate using optogenetic and viral vector strategies. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1944. [PMID: 31028266 PMCID: PMC6486614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09770-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate is under the precise control of the autonomic nervous system. However, the wiring of peripheral neural circuits that regulate heart rate is poorly understood. Here, we develop a clearing-imaging-analysis pipeline to visualize innervation of intact hearts in 3D and employed a multi-technique approach to map parasympathetic and sympathetic neural circuits that control heart rate in mice. We identify cholinergic neurons and noradrenergic neurons in an intrinsic cardiac ganglion and the stellate ganglia, respectively, that project to the sinoatrial node. We also report that the heart rate response to optogenetic versus electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve displays different temporal characteristics and that vagal afferents enhance parasympathetic and reduce sympathetic tone to the heart via central mechanisms. Our findings provide new insights into neural regulation of heart rate, and our methodology to study cardiac circuits can be readily used to interrogate neural control of other visceral organs. The wiring of peripheral neural circuits that regulate heart rate is poorly understood. In this study, authors used tissue clearing for high-resolution characterization of nerves in the heart in 3D and transgenic and novel viral vector approaches to identify peripheral parasympathetic and sympathetic neuronal populations involved in heart rate control in mice.
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45
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Antolic B, Gorisek VR, Granda G, Lorber B, Sinkovec M, Zizek D. Cardioneuroablation in ictal asystole-New treatment method. HeartRhythm Case Rep 2018; 4:523-526. [PMID: 30479951 PMCID: PMC6241332 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrcr.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bor Antolic
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Gal Granda
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bogdan Lorber
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaz Sinkovec
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David Zizek
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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46
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Aksu T, Guler TE, Mutluer FO, Bozyel S, Golcuk SE, Yalin K. Electroanatomic-mapping-guided cardioneuroablation versus combined approach for vasovagal syncope: a cross-sectional observational study. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2018; 54:177-188. [DOI: 10.1007/s10840-018-0421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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47
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Aksu T, Guler TE, Bozyel S, Yalin K, Mutluer FO. Can We Predict Vagal Response to Cryoballoon Application Using Intracardiac Recordings? J Atr Fibrillation 2018; 10:1652. [PMID: 29988265 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cryoballoon (CB) ablation in non-pulmonary vein sites have not clearly elucidated. Herein we present a new definition method which helps to predict autonomic modification effect of CB application using atrial electrogram (EGM) characteristics and vagal responses (VRs). A 54-year-old man underwent pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Both atria were mapped with the aid of electroanatomical mapping system prior to ablation procedure. The atrial EGMs were divided into 3 groups according to duration, amplitude, and number of deflections. The sites demonstrating fractionated pattern on 2.5 centimeters outside of pulmonary vein ostia were tagged on the mapping to predict the relationship between VR and EGM characteristics during CB application. CB application in the PV demonstrating intensive fractionated EGMs caused a significant VR. We concluded that our case may be starting point to understand mechanism of PVI induced VR during CB application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolga Aksu
- Usak University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Usak/Turkey
| | | | - Serdar Bozyel
- Kocaeli Derince Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli/Turkey
| | - Kivanc Yalin
- Kocaeli Derince Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli/Turkey
| | - Ferit Onur Mutluer
- Kocaeli Derince Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli/Turkey
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48
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Catheter Ablation of Bradyarrhythmia: From the Beginning to the Future. Am J Med Sci 2018; 355:252-265. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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49
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Pachón-M JC, Pachón-M EI, Santillana P TG, Lobo TJ, Pachón CTC, Pachón-M JC, Albornoz V RN, Zerpa A JC, Ortencio F, Arruda M. Ablation of "Background Tachycardia" in Long Standing Atrial Fibrillation: Improving the Outcomes by Unmasking a Residual Atrial Fibrillation Perpetuator. J Atr Fibrillation 2017; 10:1583. [PMID: 29250230 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.1583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Catheter ablation of long-standing persistent AF (LSAF) remains challenging. Since AF-Nest (AFN) description, we have observed that a stable, protected, fast source firing, namely "Background Tachycardia"(BT), could be hidden beneath the chaotic AF. Following pulmonary vein isolation (PVI)+AFN ablation one or more BT may arise or be induced in 30-40% of patients, which could be the culprit forAF maintenance and ablation recurrences. Methods and Results We studied 114 patients, from 322 sequential LSAF regular ablations, having spontaneous or induced residual BT after EGM-guided PVI+AFN ablation of LSAF; 55.6±11y/o, 97males (85.1%), EF=65.5±8%, LA=42.8±6.7mm. Macroreentrant tachycardias were excluded. Pre-ablationAF 12-leads ECG Digital processing(DP) and spectral analysis(SA) was performed searching for BT before AF ablation and its correlation with BT during ablation.After PVI, 38.1±9 AFN sites/patient and 135 sustained BTs (1-3, 1.2±0.5/patient) were ablated. BT cycle length(CL) was 246.3±37.3ms. In 79 patients presenting suitable DP for SA, the BT-CL was 241.6±34.3ms with intra procedure BT-CL correlation r=0.83/p<0.01. Following BT ablation, AF could not be induced. During FU of 13→60 months(22.8±12m), AF freedom for BT RF(+) vs. BT RF(-) groups were 77.9% vs. 56.4% (p=0.009), respectively. There was no significant complication. Conclusion BT ablation following PVI and AFN ablation improved long-term outcomes ofLSAF ablation. BT is likely due to sustained microreentry, protected during AF by entry block. BT can be suspected by spectral analysis of the pre-ablation ECG and is likely one important AF perpetuator by causing electrical resonance of the AFN. This ablation strategy warrants randomized, multicenter investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Pachón-M
- Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by theinstitutional review boards of Sao Paulo Cardiology Institute (IDPC) and Sao Paulo University (USP)
| | - Enrique I Pachón-M
- Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by theinstitutional review boards of Sao Paulo Cardiology Institute (IDPC) and Sao Paulo University (USP)
| | - Tomas G Santillana P
- Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by theinstitutional review boards of Sao Paulo Cardiology Institute (IDPC) and Sao Paulo University (USP)
| | - Tasso Julio Lobo
- Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by theinstitutional review boards of Sao Paulo Cardiology Institute (IDPC) and Sao Paulo University (USP)
| | - Carlos Thiene C Pachón
- Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by theinstitutional review boards of Sao Paulo Cardiology Institute (IDPC) and Sao Paulo University (USP)
| | - Juán Carlos Pachón-M
- Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by theinstitutional review boards of Sao Paulo Cardiology Institute (IDPC) and Sao Paulo University (USP)
| | - Remy Nelson Albornoz V
- Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by theinstitutional review boards of Sao Paulo Cardiology Institute (IDPC) and Sao Paulo University (USP)
| | - Juán Carlos Zerpa A
- Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by theinstitutional review boards of Sao Paulo Cardiology Institute (IDPC) and Sao Paulo University (USP)
| | - Felipe Ortencio
- Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by theinstitutional review boards of Sao Paulo Cardiology Institute (IDPC) and Sao Paulo University (USP)
| | - Mauricio Arruda
- Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by theinstitutional review boards of Sao Paulo Cardiology Institute (IDPC) and Sao Paulo University (USP)
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50
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Frontera A, Takigawa M, Martin R, Thompson N, Cheniti G, Massoullié G, Duchateau J, Wielandts JY, Teijeira E, Kitamura T, Wolf M, Al-Jefairi N, Vlachos K, Yamashita S, Amraoui S, Denis A, Hocini M, Cochet H, Sacher F, Jaïs P, Haïssaguerre M, Derval N. Electrogram signature of specific activation patterns: Analysis of atrial tachycardias at high-density endocardial mapping. Heart Rhythm 2017; 15:28-37. [PMID: 28797676 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The significance of fractionated electrograms (EGMs) is object of debate, with multiple mechanisms described. OBJECTIVE Using Rhythmia, a high-density mapping system, we sought to investigate the relationship between specific electrophysiological phenomena and EGM characteristics at those sites. METHODS Twenty-five consecutive patients underwent high-density atrial mapping during atrial tachycardias. Bipolar EGMs were recorded with a 64-electrode basket catheter. The following atrial phenomena were identified: slow conduction (SC) areas, lines of block (LB), wavefront collisions (WFC), pivot sites (PS), and gaps. EGMs collected at these predefined areas were analyzed in terms of amplitude, duration, and morphology. RESULTS Twenty-five atrial maps with 195 sites of interest (1755 EGMs) were object of our analysis. Thirty-five percent were sites of SC: fractionation had low amplitude (0.16 ± 0.07 mV) and long duration (87.8 ± 10.7 ms); wavefront collisions were seen in 38% of sites with EGMs shorter in duration (46.5 ± 4.5 ms) and higher in voltage (0.58 ± 0.13 mV); 17% were lines of block, never responsible for fractionation (0.13 ± 0.05 mV; 122.4 ms ± 24.8 ms); 9% were PS with a high degree of fractionation (0.55 ± 0.15 mV; 85.8 ± 7.9 ms). Two gaps were identified (1%) with a low degree of fractionation. CONCLUSION Specific EGM characteristics in atrial tachycardia can be reproducibly linked to electrophysiological mechanisms. High-voltage and short-duration EGMs are associated with collision sites and PS that are unlikely to form critical sites for ablation; long-duration, low-voltage EGMs are associated with SC. However, not all SC regions will lie within the critical circuit and identification by only EGM characteristics cannot guide ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Frontera
- Hôpital Haut-Lèvêque, Pessac (Bordeaux), France; LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Masateru Takigawa
- Hôpital Haut-Lèvêque, Pessac (Bordeaux), France; LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Josselin Duchateau
- Hôpital Haut-Lèvêque, Pessac (Bordeaux), France; LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meleze Hocini
- Hôpital Haut-Lèvêque, Pessac (Bordeaux), France; LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hubert Cochet
- Hôpital Haut-Lèvêque, Pessac (Bordeaux), France; LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | - Frederic Sacher
- Hôpital Haut-Lèvêque, Pessac (Bordeaux), France; LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | - Pierre Jaïs
- Hôpital Haut-Lèvêque, Pessac (Bordeaux), France; LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michel Haïssaguerre
- Hôpital Haut-Lèvêque, Pessac (Bordeaux), France; LIRYC Institute, Bordeaux, France
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