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Brucia RC, Taggart NW, Sagiv E, Kohli U, Tisma-Dupanovic S, Sutton NJ, McDaniel GM, Rossano JW, Dwyer AC, Marshall AC. Applying Practice Analysis to Develop a New Test Content Outline for the Pediatric Cardiology Certification Examination. Pediatr Cardiol 2022; 44:1057-1067. [PMID: 36508019 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-022-03070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evolving breadth and complexity of the contemporary pediatric cardiology specialty requires regular, systematic analysis of the practice to ensure that training and certification requirements address the demands of real-world clinical experience. We report the process of the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) for conducting such a practice analysis and revising the test content outline (TCO) for the pediatric cardiology subspecialty certification exam. A panel of 15 pediatric cardiologists conducted seven 2-h virtual meetings, during which they identified 37 unique tasks that represent the work a pediatric cardiologist may reasonably expect to perform within the first 5 years after training. These tasks were grouped into nine performance domains, similar to the entrustable professional activities (EPA), previously endorsed by the ABP in collaboration with the pediatric cardiology education community, and which represent the critical activities of the profession. The panel then enumerated the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary to perform each task. These deliberations resulted in two work products: a practice analysis document (PAD) and subspecialty board TCO based on testable knowledge, skills, and abilities. Survey assessments of the panel's work were then distributed to pediatric cardiology fellowship program directors and to practicing pediatric cardiologists for their input, which largely aligned with the panel's recommendations. Survey responses were considered in the final revisions of the PAD and TCO. This approach to practice analysis proved to be an efficient process for describing the work performed by today's pediatric cardiologists and the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to competently perform that work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eyal Sagiv
- Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Utkarsh Kohli
- West Virginia University Medicine Children's Hospital and West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Cohen MI, Dubin AM, Webster G, Bar-Cohen Y, Motonaga KS, Kriebel T, Sanatani S, Rosenthal E, Moltedo J, Yoshimoto J, Davis A, Van Hare GF, Etheridge SP. A Global Look to the Future of Pediatric Electrophysiology. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 8:1599-602. [PMID: 36543515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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McMahon CJ, Tretter JT, Redington AN, Bu’Lock F, Zühlke L, Heying R, Mattos S, Krishna Kumar R, Jacobs JP, Windram JD. Medical education and training within congenital cardiology: current global status and future directions in a post COVID-19 world. Cardiol Young 2022; 32:185-197. [PMID: 33843546 PMCID: PMC8111178 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951121001645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite enormous strides in our field with respect to patient care, there has been surprisingly limited dialogue on how to train and educate the next generation of congenital cardiologists. This paper reviews the current status of training and evolving developments in medical education pertinent to congenital cardiology. The adoption of competency-based medical education has been lauded as a robust framework for contemporary medical education over the last two decades. However, inconsistencies in frameworks across different jurisdictions remain, and bridging gaps between competency frameworks and clinical practice has proved challenging. Entrustable professional activities have been proposed as a solution, but integration of such activities into busy clinical cardiology practices will present its own challenges. Consequently, this pivot towards a more structured approach to medical education necessitates the widespread availability of appropriately trained medical educationalists, a development that will better inform curriculum development, instructional design, and assessment. Differentiation between superficial and deep learning, the vital role of rich formative feedback and coaching, should guide our trainees to become self-regulated learners, capable of critical reasoning yet retaining an awareness of uncertainty and ambiguity. Furthermore, disruptive innovations such as "technology enhanced learning" may be leveraged to improve education, especially for trainees from low- and middle-income countries. Each of these initiatives will require resources, widespread advocacy and raised awareness, and publication of supporting data, and so it is especially gratifying that Cardiology in the Young has fostered a progressive approach, agreeing to publish one or two articles in each journal issue in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J McMahon
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Children’s Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Justin T Tretter
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrew N Redington
- The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Frances Bu’Lock
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, East Midlands Congenital Heart Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Liesl Zühlke
- Division of Paediatric Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ruth Heying
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Mattos
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Portuguese Hospital, Recife, Brazil
| | - R Krishna Kumar
- Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Jeffrey P Jacobs
- Congenital Heart Center, Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan D Windram
- Department of Cardiology, Mazankowski Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Kriebel T, Rosenthal E, Gebauer R, Happonen JM, Drago F, Krause U, Blom NA, Książczyk T, Kornyei L. Recommendations from the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology for training in diagnostic and interventional electrophysiology. Cardiol Young 2021; 31:38-46. [PMID: 33292898 DOI: 10.1017/S1047951120004096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The field of electrophysiology (EP) in paediatric cardiology patients and adults with congenital heart disease is complex and rapidly growing. The current recommendations for diagnostic and invasive electrophysiology of the working group for Cardiac Dysrhythmias and Electrophysiology of the Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology acknowledges the diveristy of European countries and centers. These training recommendations can be fulfilled in a manageable period of time, without compromising the quality of training required to become an expert in the field of paediatric and congenital EP and are for trainees undergoing or having completed accredited paediatric cardiologist fellowship. Three levels of expertise, the training for General paediatric cardiology EP, for non-invasive EP and invasive EP have been defined. This Association for European EP curriculum describes the theoretical and practicsal knowledge in clinical EP; catheter ablation, cardiac implantable electronic devices, inherited arrhythmias and arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart defects for the 3 levels of expertise.
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Shivaram P, Kutty S. Extending fellowship for specialised training in paediatric cardiology: deciding when "enough is enough" and when "the sky's the limit". Cardiol Young 2020; 30:1557-8. [PMID: 33140714 DOI: 10.1017/S1047951120003492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zipes DP, Calkins H, Daubert JP, Ellenbogen KA, Field ME, Fisher JD, Fogel RI, Frankel DS, Gupta A, Indik JH, Kusumoto FM, Lindsay BD, Marine JE, Mehta LS, Mendes LA, Miller JM, Munger TM, Sauer WH, Shen WK, Stevenson WG, Su WW, Tracy CM, Tsiperfal A. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Advanced Training Statement on Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology (A Revision of the ACC/AHA 2006 Update of the Clinical Competence Statement on Invasive Electrophysiology Studies, Catheter Ablation, and Cardioversion). Heart Rhythm 2016; 13:e3-e37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Zipes DP, Calkins H, Daubert JP, Ellenbogen KA, Field ME, Fisher JD, Fogel RI, Frankel DS, Gupta A, Indik JH, Kusumoto FM, Lindsay BD, Marine JE, Mehta LS, Mendes LA, Miller JM, Munger TM, Sauer WH, Shen W, Stevenson WG, Su WW, Tracy CM, Tsiperfal A. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Advanced Training Statement on Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology (A Revision of the ACC/AHA 2006 Update of the Clinical Competence Statement on Invasive Electrophysiology Studies, Catheter Ablation, and Cardioversion). J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 66:2767-802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Zipes DP, Calkins H, Daubert JP, Ellenbogen KA, Field ME, Fisher JD, Fogel RI, Frankel DS, Gupta A, Indik JH, Kusumoto FM, Lindsay BD, Marine JE, Mehta LS, Mendes LA, Miller JM, Munger TM, Sauer WH, Shen WK, Stevenson WG, Su WW, Tracy CM, Tsiperfal A, Williams ES, Halperin JL, Arrighi JA, Awtry EH, Bates ER, Brush JE, Costa S, Daniels L, Desai A, Drachman DE, Fernandes S, Freeman R, Ijioma N, Khan SS, Kuvin JT, Marine JE, McPherson JA, Mendes LA, Sivaram CA, Spicer RL, Wang A, Weitz HH. 2015 ACC/AHA/HRS Advanced Training Statement on Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology (A Revision of the ACC/AHA 2006 Update of the Clinical Competence Statement on Invasive Electrophysiology Studies, Catheter Ablation, and Cardioversion). Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015; 8:1522-51. [PMID: 26386016 DOI: 10.1161/hae.0000000000000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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