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Öz TK, Cader FA, Dakhil ZA, Parapid B, Kadavath S, Bond R, Chieffo A, Gimelli A, Mihailidou AS, Ramu B, Cavarretta E, Michos ED, Kaya E, Buchanan L, Patil M, Aste M, Alasnag M, Babazade N, Burgess S, Manzo-Silberman S, Paradies V, Thamman R. International consensus statement on challenges for women in cardiovascular practice and research in the COVID-19 era. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2022; 70:641-651. [PMID: 35212510 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.22.05935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The challenges to academic and professional development and career advancement of women in cardiology (WIC), imposed by the pandemic, not only impinge the female cardiologists' "leaky pipeline" but also make the "leakiness" more obvious. This consensus document aims to highlight the pandemic challenges WIC face, raise awareness of the gender equity gap, and propose mitigating actionable solutions derived from the data and experiences of an international group of female cardiovascular clinicians and researchers. This changing landscape has led to the need for highly specialized cardiologists who may have additional training in critical care, imaging, advanced heart failure, or interventional cardiology. Although women account for most medical school graduates, the number of WIC, particularly in mentioned sub-specialties, remains low. Moreover, women have been more affected by systemic issues within these challenging work environments, limiting their professional progression, career advancement, and economic potential. Therefore, it is imperative that tangible action points be noted and undertaken to ensure the representation of women in leadership, advocacy, and decision-making, and increase diversity in academia. Strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of the pandemic need to be taken during this COVID-19 pandemic to ensure WIC have a place in the field of Cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Kemaloğlu Öz
- Department of Cardiology, Liv Hospital Ulus, Istanbul, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F Aaysha Cader
- Department of Cardiology, Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital and Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Zainab A Dakhil
- Ibn Al-Bitar Cardiac Center, Department of Cardiology, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Biljana Parapid
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sabeeda Kadavath
- Structural Interventional Cardiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachel Bond
- Division of Cardiology, Dignity Health Department of Medicine, Creighton University, Chandler, AZ, USA
| | - Alaide Chieffo
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Gimelli
- Nuclear Cardiology Unit, Fondazione Toscana G. Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anastasia S Mihailidou
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Northern Sydney Local Health District, Kolling Institute, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bhavadharini Ramu
- Unit of Advanced Heart Failure and Cardiac Transplantation, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Erin D Michos
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Esra Kaya
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic of Heart, Lung, and Vessel Disease, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Louise Buchanan
- Department of Cardiology, North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust, Carlisle, UK
| | - Mansi Patil
- Department of Medicine, Asha Kiran JHC Hospital, Maharastra, India
| | - Milena Aste
- Arrhythmologic Center, Department of Cardiology, ASL4 Chiavarese, Ospedali del Tigullio, Lavagna, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mirvat Alasnag
- Cardiac Center, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nigar Babazade
- Department of Cardiology, New Clinic, Heart Valve Center, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Sonya Burgess
- Nepean Public Hospital, Sydney Southwest Private Hospital, Southwest Cardiology and Penrith Specialist Group, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stéphane Manzo-Silberman
- Coronary Care Unit, Department of Interventional Cardiology, Lariboisière Hospital, APHP, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Valeria Paradies
- Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ritu Thamman
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA -
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Borrelli N, Brida M, Cader A, Sabatino J, Czerwińska-Jelonkiewicz K, Shchendrygina A, Wood A, Allouche E, Avesani M, Gok G, Marchenko O, Calvieri C, Baritussio A, Ilardi F, Caglar N, Moscatelli S, Kotlar I, Trêpa M, Rubini MG, Chrysohoou C, Jovovic L, Prokšelj K, Simkova I, Babazade N, Siller-Matula J, Chikhi F, Kovačević-Preradović T, Srbinovska E, Johnson V, Farrero M, Moharem-Elgamal S, Gimelli A. Women leaders in Cardiology. Contemporary profile of the WHO European region. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2021; 1:oeab008. [PMID: 35919091 PMCID: PMC9242062 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Women’s participation is steadily growing in medical schools, but they are still not sufficiently represented in cardiology, particularly in cardiology leadership positions. We present the contemporary distribution of women leaders in cardiology departments in the World Health Organization European region.
Methods and results
Between August and December 2020, we applied purposive sampling to collect data and analyse gender distribution of heads of cardiology department in university/third level hospitals in 23 countries: Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, North Macedonia, Morocco, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, and the UK. Age, cardiology subspecialty, and number of scientific publications were recorded for a subgroup of cardiology leaders for whom data were available. A total of 849 cardiology departments were analysed. Women leaders were only 30% (254/849) and were younger than their men counterpart (♀ 52.2 ± 7.7 years old vs. ♂ 58.1 ± 7.6 years old, P = 0.00001). Most women leaders were non-interventional experts (♀ 82% vs. ♂ 46%, P < 0.00001) and had significantly fewer scientific publications than men {♀ 16 [interquartile range (IQR) 2–41] publications vs. ♂ 44 (IQR 9–175) publications, P < 0.00001}.
Conclusion
Across the World Health Organization European region, there is a significant gender disparity in cardiology leadership positions. Fostering a diverse and inclusive workplace is a priority to achieve the full potential and leverage the full talents of both women and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nunzia Borrelli
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, AORN Dei Colli—Monaldi Hospital , Via Leonardo Bianchi, snc, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Margarita Brida
- Division for Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Kišpatićeva ul. 12, 10000, Zagreb , Croatia
- Adult Congenital Heart Centre and National Centre for Pulmonary Hypertension, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney St, SW3 6NP, London , United Kingdom
| | - Aaysha Cader
- Ibrahim Cardiac Hospital & Research Institute, 122 Kazi Nazrul Islam Ave, Dhaka 1000 , Bangladesh
| | - Jolanda Sabatino
- Magna Graecia University, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Katarzyna Czerwińska-Jelonkiewicz
- Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego 1, 30-705 Kraków , Poland
- Harefield Hospital, Hill End Rd, Harefield, Uxbridge UB9 6JH, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London , United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Shchendrygina
- Department of Hospital Therapy No. 1, I.M., Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya Ulitsa, 2, стр. 4, Moscow , Russia
| | - Alice Wood
- University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester LE1 7RH , United Kingdom
| | - Emna Allouche
- Cardiology Departement, Charles Nicolle Hospital Tunis, Faculté de Médecine, Tunis-El Manar University, Bd du 9 Avril 1938 , Tunisia
| | - Martina Avesani
- University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2 - 35128, Padua , Italy
| | - Gulay Gok
- Department of Cardiology, Medipol University hospital, TEM Avrupa Otoyolu Göztepe Çıkışı No:, D:1, 34214, İstanbul , Turkey
| | - Oksana Marchenko
- Ukrainian Children’s Cardiac Center, Clinic for Adults, Shuliavka, 02000, Kyiv , Ukraine
- Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, 9, Dorohozhytska St, 04112, Kyiv , Ukraine
| | - Camilla Calvieri
- Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Palidoro-Rome, Piazza Sant'Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome , Italy
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiology, “La Sapienza” University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5, 00185, Rome , Italy
| | - Anna Baritussio
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Azienda Ospedale Università Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padua , Italy
| | - Federica Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University Hospital, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples , Italy
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Via Orazio, 2, 80122, Naples , Italy
| | - Nihan Caglar
- Cardiology Department, Bakirkoy Dr Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Cd No:11, 34147, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Sara Moscatelli
- Clinic of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 , Italy
| | - Irina Kotlar
- University Clinic of Cardiology, Мајка Тереза 17, Mother Teresa 17, Skopje , Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Maria Trêpa
- Cardiology Department, Porto University Hospital Centre, Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto , Portugal
| | - Maria Gimenez Rubini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig-University Hospital, Strümpellstraße 39, 04289, Leipzig , Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB) and Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel , Switzerland
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Athens, 114 Vass Sofias Ave, 11527, Athens , Greece
| | - Ljiljana Jovovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića starijeg 8, 11000, Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Katja Prokšelj
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000, Ljubljana , Slovenia
| | - Iveta Simkova
- ACHD Centre, Department of Cardiology and Angiology of Medical Faculty, Slovak Medical University and National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 831 01, Bratislava , Slovakia
| | | | - Jolanta Siller-Matula
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna , Austria
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091, Warsaw , Poland
| | - Fatima Chikhi
- Cardiology “B” Department, Ibn Sina Hospital Med V University, 62, Jbran Khalil Jbran Street, Souissi, Rabat , Morocco
| | - Tamara Kovačević-Preradović
- School of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, Save Mrkalja 14, Banja Luka, 78000, Republic of Srpska , Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Victoria Johnson
- Medizinische Klinik I, Abteilung für Kardiologie und Angiologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen, Klinikstraße 33, 35392, Gießen , Germany
| | - Marta Farrero
- Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Unit, Cardiology, Hospital Clínic, C. de Villarroel, 170, 08036, Barcelona , Spain
| | - Sarah Moharem-Elgamal
- Cardiology Department, Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Thomas Dr, Liverpool L14 3PE , United Kingdom
- Cardiology Department, National Heart Institute, 5 Ibn Nafise Square, Mit Akaba, Agouza, Giza , Egypt
| | - Alessia Gimelli
- CNR—Regione Toscana, Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa , Italy
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